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Hassan FS, El-Fakharany EM, El-Maradny YA, Saleh AK, El-Sayed MH, Mazi W, Omer N, Abdelaziz MA, Jame R, Alatawi IS, El-Gendi H. Comprehensive insight into exploring the potential of microbial enzymes in cancer therapy: Progress, challenges, and opportunities: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134535. [PMID: 39111467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes are crucial catalysts in various industries due to their versatility and efficiency. The microbial enzymes market has recently expanded due to increased demand for many reasons. Among them are eco-friendly solutions, developing novel microbial strains with enhanced enzymes that perform under harsh conditions, providing sustainability, and raising awareness about the benefits of enzyme-based products. By 2030, the global enzyme market is expected to account for $525 billion, with a growth rate of 6.7 %. L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase are among the leading applied microbial enzymes in antitumor therapy, with a growing market share of 16.5 % and 9.5 %, respectively. The use of microbial enzymes has opened new opportunities to fight various tumors, including leukemia, lymphosarcoma, and breast cancer, which has increased their demand in the pharmaceutical and medicine sectors. Despite their promising applications, commercial use of microbial enzymes faces challenges such as short half-life, immunogenicity, toxicity, and other side effects. Therefore, this review explores the industrial production, purification, formulation, and commercial utilization of microbial enzymes, along with an overview of the global enzyme market. With ongoing discoveries of novel enzymes and their applications, enzyme technology offers promising avenues for cancer treatment and other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Shawky Hassan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt; Pharos University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Beside Green Plaza Complex, 21648, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Centre (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Saleh
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H El-Sayed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Mazi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Omer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Jame
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Saleem Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess development department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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2
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Oliveira ACR, De Oliveira FS, Bráz AF, Oliveira JS, Lima-Santos J, Dias AAM. Unveiling the anticancer potential of the ethanolic extract from Trichoderma asperelloides. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1398135. [PMID: 38751785 PMCID: PMC11094271 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1398135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of new therapeutic alternatives for cancer treatment is essential for improving efficacy and specificity, overcoming resistance, and enabling a more personalized approach for each patient. We investigated the antitumor activity of the crude ethanolic extract of the fungus Trichoderma asperelloides (ExtTa) and its interaction with chemotherapeutic drugs. It was observed, by MTT cytotoxicity assay, that ExtTa significantly reduced cell viability in breast adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, lung carcinoma, melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, and sarcomas cell lines. The highest efficacy and selectivity of ExtTa were found against glioblastoma T98G and colorectal HCT116 cell lines. ExtTa is approximately four times more cytotoxic to those tumor cells than to non-cancer cell lines. A synergistic effect between ExtTa and doxorubicin was found in the treatment of osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells, as well as with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells using CompuSyn software. Our data unravel the presence of bioactive compounds with cytotoxic effects against cancer cells present in T. asperelloides ethanolic crude extract, with the potential for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina R. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Science Biological, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Santiago De Oliveira
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Science Biological, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Bráz
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Science Biological, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jamil S. Oliveira
- Physical Chemistry of Proteins and Enzymology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jane Lima-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriana A. M. Dias
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Cancer, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Science Biological, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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3
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Arinbasarova AY, Botin AS, Medentsev AG, Makrushin KV, Vetcher AA, Stanishevskiy YM. Synthesis of Extracellular L-lysine-α-oxidase along with Degrading Enzymes by Trichoderma cf. aureoviride Rifai VKM F-4268D: Role in Biocontrol and Systemic Plant Resistance. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:323. [PMID: 38786678 PMCID: PMC11121954 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
When cultivating on wheat bran or deactivated fungal mycelium as a model of "natural growth", the ability of Trichoderma to synthesize extracellular L-lysine-α-oxidase (LysO) simultaneously with cell-wall-degrading enzymes (proteases, xylanase, glucanases, chitinases, etc.), responsible for mycoparasitism, was shown. LysO, in turn, causes the formation of H2O2 and pipecolic acid. These compounds are known to be signaling molecules and play an important role in the induction and development of systemic acquired resistance in plants. Antagonistic effects of LysO have been demonstrated against phytopathogenic fungi and Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria with dose-dependent cell death. The antimicrobial effect of LysO decreased in the presence of catalase. The generating intracellular ROS in the presence of LysO was also shown in both bacteria and fungi, which led to a decrease in viable cells. These results suggest that the antimicrobial activity of LysO is due to two factors: the formation of exogenous hydrogen peroxide as a product of the enzymatic oxidative deamination of L-lysine and the direct interaction of LysO with the cell wall of the micro-organisms. Thus, LysO on its own enhances the potential of the producer in the environment; namely, the enzyme complements the strategy of the fungus in biocontrol and indirectly participates in inducing SAR and regulating the relationship between pathogens and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yu. Arinbasarova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.G.M.); (K.V.M.)
| | - Alexander S. Botin
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology (IBTN), Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia na. P.Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (Y.M.S.)
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine, 129090 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Medentsev
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.G.M.); (K.V.M.)
| | - Kirill V. Makrushin
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (A.G.M.); (K.V.M.)
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology (IBTN), Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia na. P.Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (Y.M.S.)
| | - Yaroslav M. Stanishevskiy
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology (IBTN), Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia na. P.Lumumba (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.B.); (Y.M.S.)
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Prasad YR, Anakha J, Pande AH. Treating liver cancer through arginine depletion. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103940. [PMID: 38452923 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer, the sixth most common cancer globally and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths, presents a critical public health threat. Diagnosis often occurs in advanced stages of the disease, aligning incidence with fatality rates. Given that established treatments, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy and transarterial radioembolization, face accessibility and affordability challenges, the emerging focus on cancer cell metabolism, particularly arginine (Arg) depletion, offers a promising research avenue. Arg-depleting enzymes show efficacy against Arg-auxotrophic cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, in this review, we explore the limitations of current therapies and highlight the potential of Arg depletion, emphasizing various Arg-hydrolyzing enzymes in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenisetti Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - J Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India.
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5
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Lee LMY, Lin ZQ, Zheng LX, Tu YF, So YH, Zheng XH, Feng TJ, Wang XY, Wong WT, Leung YC. Lysine Deprivation Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells: A Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119402. [PMID: 37298352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence proves that amino acid restriction can reverse obesity by reducing adipose tissue mass. Amino acids are not only the building blocks of proteins but also serve as signaling molecules in multiple biological pathways. The study of adipocytes' response to amino acid level changes is crucial. It has been reported that a low concentration of lysine suppresses lipid accumulation and transcription of several adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, the detailed lysine-deprivation-induced cellular transcriptomic changes and the altered pathways have yet to be fully studied. Here, using 3T3-L1 cells, we performed RNA sequencing on undifferentiated and differentiated cells, and differentiated cells under a lysine-free environment, and the data were subjected to KEGG enrichment. We found that the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes required the large-scale upregulation of metabolic pathways, mainly on the mitochondrial TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and downregulation of the lysosomal pathway. Single amino acid lysine depletion suppressed differentiation dose dependently. It disrupted the metabolism of cellular amino acids, which could be partially reflected in the changes in amino acid levels in the culture medium. It inhibited the mitochondria respiratory chain and upregulated the lysosomal pathway, which are essential for adipocyte differentiation. We also noticed that cellular interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and medium IL6 level were dramatically increased, which was one of the targets for suppressing adipogenesis induced by lysine depletion. Moreover, we showed that the depletion of some essential amino acids such as methionine and cystine could induce similar phenomena. This suggests that individual amino acid deprivation may share some common pathways. This descriptive study dissects the pathways for adipogenesis and how the cellular transcriptome was altered under lysine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Man-Yuen Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lin
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lu-Xi Zheng
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yik-Hing So
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Zheng
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tie-Jun Feng
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi-Yue Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wai-Ting Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Lo Ka Chung Research Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Anakha J, Prasad YR, Sharma N, Pande AH. Human arginase I: a potential broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:159. [PMID: 37152001 PMCID: PMC10156892 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With high rates of morbidity and mortality, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to public health on a global scale. Considering the discrepancies in metabolism between cancer and normal cells, metabolism-based anti-cancer biopharmaceuticals are gaining importance. Normal cells can synthesize arginine, but they can also take up extracellular arginine, making it a semi-essential amino acid. Arginine auxotrophy occurs when a cancer cell has abnormalities in the enzymes involved in arginine metabolism and relies primarily on extracellular arginine to support its biological functions. Taking advantage of arginine auxotrophy in cancer cells, arginine deprivation, which can be induced by introducing recombinant human arginase I (rhArg I), is being developed as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer therapy. This has led to the development of various rhArg I variants, which have shown remarkable anti-cancer activity. This article discusses the importance of arginine auxotrophy in cancer and different arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes that are in various stages of clinical development and reviews the need for a novel rhArg I that mitigates the limitations of the existing therapies. Further, we have also analyzed the necessity as well as the significance of using rhArg I to treat various arginine-auxotrophic cancers while considering the importance of their genetic profiles, particularly urea cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Yenisetti Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Abhay H. Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
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Pokrovsky VS, Abo Qoura L, Morozova E, Bunik VI. Predictive markers for efficiency of the amino-acid deprivation therapies in cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1035356. [PMID: 36405587 PMCID: PMC9669297 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1035356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid deprivation therapy (AADT) is a promising strategy for developing novel anticancer treatments, based on variations in metabolism of healthy and malignant cells. L-asparaginase was the first amino acid-degrading enzyme that received FDA approval for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Arginase and arginine deiminase were effective in clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic melanomas and hepatocellular carcinomas. Essential dependence of certain cancer cells on methionine explains the anticancer efficacy of methionine-g-lyase. Along with significant progress in identification of metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells, new amino acid-cleaving enzymes appear as promising agents for cancer treatment: lysine oxidase, tyrosine phenol-lyase, cysteinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. However, sensitivity of specific cancer cell types to these enzymes differs. Hence, search for prognostic and predictive markers for AADT and introduction of the markers into clinical practice are of great importance for translational medicine. As specific metabolic pathways in cancer cells are determined by the enzyme expression, some of these enzymes may define the sensitivity to AADT. This review considers the known predictors for efficiency of AADT, emphasizing the importance of knowledge on cancer-specific amino acid significance for such predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Combined Treatment, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- *Correspondence: Vadim S. Pokrovsky,
| | - Louay Abo Qoura
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Kim G, Jang SK, Kim YJ, Jin HO, Bae S, Hong J, Park IC, Lee JH. Inhibition of Glutamine Uptake Resensitizes Paclitaxel Resistance in SKOV3-TR Ovarian Cancer Cell via mTORC1/S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158761. [PMID: 35955892 PMCID: PMC9369036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a carcinoma that affects women and that has a high mortality rate. Overcoming paclitaxel resistance is important for clinical application. However, the effect of amino acid metabolism regulation on paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer is still unknown. In this study, the effect of an amino acid-deprived condition on paclitaxel resistance in paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR cells was analyzed. We analyzed the cell viability of SKOV3-TR in culture conditions in which each of the 20 amino acids were deprived. As a result, the cell viability of the SKOV3-TR was significantly reduced in cultures deprived of arginine, glutamine, and lysine. Furthermore, we showed that the glutamine-deprived condition inhibited mTORC1/S6K signaling. The decreased cell viability and mTORC1/S6K signaling under glutamine-deprived conditions could be restored by glutamine and α-KG supplementation. Treatment with PF-4708671, a selective S6K inhibitor, and the selective glutamine transporter ASCT2 inhibitor V-9302 downregulated mTOR/S6K signaling and resensitized SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel. Immunoblotting showed the upregulation of Bcl-2 phosphorylation and a decrease in Mcl-1 expression in SKOV3-TR via the cotreatment of paclitaxel with PF-4708671 and V-9302. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the inhibition of glutamine uptake can resensitize SKOV3-TR to paclitaxel and represents a promising therapeutic target for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongmi Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Se-Kyeong Jang
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ok Jin
- KIRAMS Radiation Biobank, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.-C.P.); (J.H.L.)
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Xia X, Lin Q, Zhao N, Zeng J, Yang J, Liu Z, Huang R. Anti-Colon Cancer Activity of Dietary Phytochemical Soyasaponin I and the Induction of Metabolic Shifts in HCT116. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144382. [PMID: 35889255 PMCID: PMC9316303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary phytochemicals play an important role in the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. It is reported that group B of soyasaponin, derived from dietary pulses, has anti-colonic effects on some colon cancer cell lines. However, it is uncertain which specific soybean saponins play a role. In our study, as one of the group B soyasaponin, the anti-colon cancer activity of soyasaponins I (SsI) was screened, and we found that it had the inhibitory effect of proliferation on colon cancer cell lines HCT116 (IC50 = 161.4 μM) and LoVo (IC50 = 180.5 μM), but no effect on HT29 between 0–200 μM. Then, nine potential targets of SsI on colon cancer were obtained by network pharmacology analysis. A total of 45 differential metabolites were identified by metabolomics analysis, and the KEGG pathway was mainly enriched in the pathways related to the absorption and metabolism of amino acids. Finally, molecular docking analysis predicted that SsI might dock with the protein of DNMT1, ERK1. The results indicated that the effect of SsI on HCT116 might be exerted by influencing amino acid metabolism and the estrogen signaling pathway. This study may provide the possibility for the application of SsI against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qianmin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ning Zhao
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Jinzi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.X.); (Q.L.); (J.Z.); (J.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Monoclonal Antibody Functionalized, and L-lysine α-Oxidase Loaded PEGylated-Chitosan Nanoparticle for HER2/Neu Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050927. [PMID: 35631513 PMCID: PMC9146122 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the dominant cancers that threaten human beings worldwide. Moreover, the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer is challenging due to heterogeneity. The L-lysine α-oxidase (LO) enzyme is a well-known antitumor enzyme, but its clinical utility has been limited due to side effects, decreased stability, and inability to target tumor cells. To overcome the clinical challenges in delivery of LO enzymes and improve HER2+ breast cancer therapeutics, the present study developed the dual stimuli responsive nanocarrier system (CS-LO-PEG-HER NPs) for pH sensitive and HER2/neu targeted breast cancer therapy. Abstract Herein, we designed a nanocarrier to deliver the LO specifically to HER2+ breast cancer (BC) cells, where functionalization of mAb (anti-HER2+) with PEGylated chitosan enabled it to target the HER2+ BC cells. Taking advantage of overexpression of HER2+ in cancer cells, our nanocarrier (CS-LO-PEG-HER NPs) exhibited promising potency and selectivity against HER2+ BC cells (BT474). The CS-LO-PEG-HER NPs demonstrated the cytotoxicity in BT474 cells by promoting reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and nucleus damage. The biocompatibility of CS-LO-PEG-HER NPs was evidenced by the hemolysis assay and H & E staining of major organs. The CS-LO-PEG-HER NPs showed anticancer potency against the BT474-xenograft tumor-bearing mice, as evident by the reduction of tumor size and cell density. These results indicate that CS-LO-PEG-HER NPs are biocompatible with mice while inhibiting tumor growth through alter the oxidative stress. Overall, this work provides a promising approach for the delivery of LO for good therapeutic effect in combination with mAb.
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