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Kotańska M, Zadrożna M, Kubacka M, Mika K, Szczepańska K, Nowak B, Alesci A, Miller A, Lauriano ER, Kieć-Kononowicz K. The Effect of KSK-94, a Dual Histamine H 3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand, on Adipose Tissue in a Rat Model of Developing Obesity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:858. [PMID: 39065709 PMCID: PMC11280160 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies highlight the critical role that neural histamine plays in feeding behavior, which is controlled by central histamine H3 and H1 receptors. This is the fundamental motivation for the increased interest in creating histamine H3 receptor antagonists as anti-obesity medications. On the other hand, multiple other neurotransmitter systems have been identified as pharmacotherapeutic targets for obesity, including sigma-2 receptor systems. Interestingly, in our previous studies in the rat excessive eating model, we demonstrated a significant reduction in the development of obesity using dual histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands. Moreover, we showed that compound KSK-94 (structural analog of Abbott's A-331440) reduced the number of calories consumed, and thus acted as an anorectic compound. Therefore, in this study, we extended the previous research and studied the influence of KSK-94 on adipose tissue collected from animals from our previous experiment. METHODS Visceral adipose tissue was collected from four groups of rats (standard diet + vehicle, palatable diet + vehicle, palatable diet + KSK-94, and palatable diet + bupropion/naltrexone) and subjected to biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS The obtained results clearly indicate that compound KSK-94 prevented the hypertrophy and inflammation of visceral adipose tissue, normalized the levels of leptin, resistin and saved the total reduction capacity of adipose tissue, being more effective than bupropion/naltrexon in these aspects. Moreover, KSK-94 may induce browning of visceral white adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that dual compounds with a receptor profile like KSK-94, i.e., targeting histamine H3 receptor and, to a lesser extent, sigma-2 receptor, could be attractive therapeutic options for patients at risk of developing obesity or with obesity and some metabolic disorders. However, more studies are required to determine its safety profile and the exact mechanism of action of KSK-94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Anthea Miller
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, I-98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
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Kubacka M, Nowak B, Zadrożna M, Szafarz M, Latacz G, Marona H, Sapa J, Mogilski S, Bednarski M, Kotańska M. Manifestations of Liver Impairment and the Effects of MH-76, a Non-Quinazoline α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, and Prazosin on Liver Tissue in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2023; 13:1130. [PMID: 37999226 PMCID: PMC10672990 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption may lead to metabolic syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and hypertension. α1-adrenoceptors antagonists are antihypertensive agents that exert mild beneficial effects on the metabolic profile in hypertensive patients. However, they are no longer used as a first-line therapy for hypertension based on Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) outcomes. Later studies have shown that quinazoline-based α1-adrenolytics (prazosin, doxazosin) induce apoptosis; however, this effect was independent of α1-adrenoceptor blockade and was associated with the presence of quinazoline moiety. Recent studies showed that α1-adrenoceptors antagonists may reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients due to anti-inflammatory properties. MH-76 (1-[3-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)propyl]-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride)) is a non-quinazoline α1-adrenoceptor antagonist which, in fructose-fed rats, exerted anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive properties and reduced insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of fructose consumption and treatment with α1-adrenoceptor antagonists of different classes (MH-76 and prazosin) on liver tissue of fructose-fed rats. Livers were collected from four groups (Control, Fructose, Fructose + MH-76 and Fructose + Prazosin) and subjected to biochemical and histopathological studies. Both α1-adrenolytics reduced macrovesicular steatosis and triglycerides content of liver tissue and improved its antioxidant capacity. Treatment with MH-76, contrary to prazosin, reduced leucocytes infiltration as well as decreased elevated IL-6 and leptin concentrations. Moreover, the MH-76 hepatotoxicity in hepatoma HepG2 cells was less than that of prazosin. The use of α1-adrenolytics with anti-inflammatory properties may be an interesting option for treatment of hypertension with metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (B.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.); (J.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Bednarski M, Siwek A, Szczepańska K, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Kotańska M. Evaluation of Some Safety Parameters of Dual Histamine H 3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands with Anti-Obesity Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087499. [PMID: 37108661 PMCID: PMC10138714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown the high efficacy of histamine H3 receptor ligands in preventing weight gain. In addition to evaluating the efficacy of future drug candidates, it is very important to assess their safety profile, which is established through numerous tests and preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety of histamine H3/sigma-2 receptor ligands by assessing their effects on locomotor activity and motor coordination, as well as on the cardiac function, blood pressure, and plasma activity of certain cellular enzymes. The ligands tested at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. did not cause changes in locomotor activity (except for KSK-74) and did not affect motor coordination. Significant reductions in blood pressure were observed after the administration of compounds KSK-63, KSK-73, and KSK-74, which seems logically related to the increased effect of histamine. Although the results of in vitro studies suggest that the tested ligands can block the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels, they did not affect cardiac parameters in vivo. It should be noted that repeated administration of the tested compounds prevented an increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase (AlaT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases (gGT) observed in the control animals fed a palatable diet. The obtained results show that the ligands selected for this research are not only effective in preventing weight gain but also demonstrate safety in relation to the evaluated parameters, allowing the compounds to proceed to the next stages of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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Mika K, Szafarz M, Zadrożna M, Nowak B, Bednarski M, Szczepańska K, Pociecha K, Kubacka M, Nicosia N, Juda I, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Kotańska M. KSK-74: Dual Histamine H3 and Sigma-2 Receptor Ligand with Anti-Obesity Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137011. [PMID: 35806019 PMCID: PMC9266460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies involving compounds that enhance histamine release, such as histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists, have shown efficacy in inhibiting weight gain, but none have passed clinical trials. As part of the search for H3 receptor ligands that have additional properties, the aim of this study is to evaluate the activity in the reduction in weight gain in a rat model of excessive eating, as well as the impact on selected metabolic parameters, and the number and size of adipocytes of two new H3R antagonists, KSK-60 and KSK-74, which also exert a significant affinity at the sigma-2 receptor. Compounds KSK-60 and KSK-74 are homologues and the elongation of the distal part of the molecule resulted in an approximate two-fold reduction in affinity at H3R, but simultaneously an almost two-fold increase in affinity at the sigma-2 receptor. Animals fed palatable feed and receiving KSK-60 or KSK-74 both at 10 mg/kg b.w. gained significantly less weight than animals in the control obese group. Moreover, KSK-74 significantly compensated for metabolic disturbances that accompany obesity, such as an increase in plasma triglyceride, resistin, and leptin levels; improved glucose tolerance; and protected experimental animals against adipocyte hypertrophy. Furthermore, KSK-74 inhibited the development of inflammation in obesity-exposed adipose tissue. The in vivo pharmacological activity of the tested ligands appears to correlate with the affinity at the sigma-2 receptors; however, the explanation of this phenomenon requires further and extended research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Zadrożna
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Technology and Biotechnology of Medical Remedies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.K.-K.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Monika Kubacka
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Noemi Nicosia
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Izabela Juda
- Department of Cytobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.Z.); (B.N.); (I.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Technology and Biotechnology of Medical Remedies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.S.); (K.K.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (K.M.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-12-6205530
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