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Mostafa N, Chen PJ, Darwish SS, Su YC, Shiao MH, Piazza GA, Abadi AH, Engel M, Abdel-Halim M. N-Benzylated 5-Hydroxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamides as Multi-Targeted Clk/Dyrk Inhibitors and Potential Anticancer Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2033. [PMID: 38893153 PMCID: PMC11171218 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1 are overexpressed in multiple cancers, suggesting a role in malignant disease. Here, we introduce a novel class of group-selective kinase inhibitors targeting Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1. This was achieved by modifying our earlier selective Clk1 inhibitors, which were based on the 5-methoxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamide scaffold. By incorporating a 5-hydroxy group, we increased the potential for additional hydrogen bond interactions that broadened the inhibitory effect to include Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B kinases. Within this series, compounds 12 and 17 emerged as the most potent multi-kinase inhibitors against Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1. Furthermore, when assessed against the most closely related kinases also implicated in cancer, the frontrunner compounds revealed additional inhibitory activity against Haspin and Clk2. Compounds 12 and 17 displayed high potency across various cancer cell lines with minimal effect on non-tumor cells. By examining the effect of these inhibitors on cell cycle distribution, compound 17 retained cells in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Compounds 12 and 17 could also increase levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, while decreasing the expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. These findings support the further study and development of these compounds as novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo 12256, Egypt
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
| | - Sarah S. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Shiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan;
| | - Gary A. Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA;
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
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Hesse S. Synthesis of 5-arylidenerhodanines in L-proline-based deep eutectic solvent. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1537-1544. [PMID: 37822921 PMCID: PMC10562643 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodanines and their derivatives are known to have many pharmacological activities that can be modulated through different functionalization sites. One of the most studied modification in those scaffolds is the introduction of a benzylidene moiety on C5 via a Knoevenagel reaction. Here, a facile synthesis of 5-arylidenerhodanines via a Knoevenagel reaction in an ʟ-proline-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) is reported. This method is fast (1 h at 60 °C), easy, catalyst-free and sustainable as no classical organic solvents were used. The expected compounds are recovered by a simple filtration after hydrolysis and no purification is required. Those derivatives were studied for their antioxidant activities and the results are consistent with those reported in the literature indicating that phenolic compounds are the more active ones.
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Design, Synthesis and Biological Assessment of Rhodanine-Linked Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Selective and Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228028. [PMID: 36432129 PMCID: PMC9697818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of twenty-five rhodamine-linked benzenesulfonamide derivatives (7a-u and 9a-d) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory action against four physiologically relevant human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms, namely hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII. All the synthesized molecules showed good to excellent inhibition against all the tested isoforms in the nanomolar range due to the presence of the sulfonamide as a zinc binding group. The target compounds were developed from indol-3-ylchalcone-linked benzenesulfonamide where the indol-3-ylchalcone moiety was replaced with rhodanine-linked aldehydes or isatins to improve the inhibition. Interestingly, the molecules were slightly more selective towards hCA IX and XII compared to hCA I and II. The most potent and efficient ones against hCA I were 7h (KI 22.4 nM) and 9d (KI 35.8 nM) compared to the standard drug AAZ (KI 250.0 nM), whereas in case of hCA II inhibition, the derivatives containing the isatin nucleus as a tail were preferred. Collectively, all compounds were endowed with better inhibition against hCA IX compared to AAZ (KI 25.8 nM) as well as strong potency against hCA XII. Finally, these newly synthesized molecules could be taken as potential leads for the development of isoform selective hCA IX and XII inhibitors.
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Szczepański J, Tuszewska H, Trotsko N. Anticancer Profile of Rhodanines: Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and Molecular Targets-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123750. [PMID: 35744873 PMCID: PMC9231410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rhodanine core is a well-known privileged heterocycle in medicinal chemistry. The rhodanines, as subtypes of thiazolidin-4-ones, show a broad spectrum of biological activity, including anticancer properties. This review aims to analyze the anticancer features of the rhodanines described over the last decade in the scientific literature. The structure–activity relationship of rhodanine derivatives, as well as some of the molecular targets, were discussed. The information contained in this review could be of benefit to the design of new, effective small molecules with anticancer potential among rhodanine derivatives or their related heterocycles.
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Ali TFS, Ciftci HI, Radwan MO, Roshdy E, Shawky AM, Abourehab MAS, Tateishi H, Otsuka M, Fujita M. Discovery of Azaindolin-2-One as a Dual Inhibitor of GSK3β and Tau Aggregation with Potential Neuroprotective Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040426. [PMID: 35455423 PMCID: PMC9029746 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity through pharmacological intervention represents a promising approach for treating challenging neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Similarly, abnormal tau aggregate accumulation in neurons is a hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases. We introduced new dual GSK3β/tau aggregation inhibitors due to the excellent clinical outcome of multitarget drugs. Compound (E)-2f stands out among the synthesized inhibitors as a promising GSK3β inhibitor (IC50 1.7 µM) with a pronounced tau anti-aggregation effect in a cell-based model of tauopathy. Concurrently, (E)-2f was demonstrated to be non-toxic to normal cells, making it a promising neuroprotective lead compound that needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha F. S. Ali
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.I.C.); (M.O.R.); (H.T.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.S.A.); (M.F.); Tel.: +20-10-6983-5295 (T.F.S.A.); +81-96-371-4622 (M.F.)
| | - Halil I. Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.I.C.); (M.O.R.); (H.T.); (M.O.)
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm, Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mohamed O. Radwan
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.I.C.); (M.O.R.); (H.T.); (M.O.)
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eslam Roshdy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
- Central Laboratory for Micro-Analysis, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hiroshi Tateishi
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.I.C.); (M.O.R.); (H.T.); (M.O.)
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.I.C.); (M.O.R.); (H.T.); (M.O.)
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm, Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (H.I.C.); (M.O.R.); (H.T.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.S.A.); (M.F.); Tel.: +20-10-6983-5295 (T.F.S.A.); +81-96-371-4622 (M.F.)
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