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Antonenko YN, Veselov IM, Rokitskaya TI, Vinogradova DV, Khailova LS, Kotova EA, Maltsev AV, Bachurin SO, Shevtsova EF. Neuroprotective thiourea derivative uncouples mitochondria and exerts weak protonophoric action on lipid membranes. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 402:111190. [PMID: 39121899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The isothiourea derivative NT-1505 is known as a neuroprotector and cognition enhancer in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Bearing in mind possible relation of the NT-1505-mediated neuroprotection to mitochondrial uncoupling activity, here, we examine NT-1505 effects on mitochondria functioning. At concentrations starting from 10 μM, NT-1505 prevented Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling, similar to common uncouplers. Alongside the inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition, NT-1505 caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in respiration rate in both isolated mammalian mitochondria and cell cultures, which resulted in the reduction of energy-dependent Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria. Based on the oppositely directed effects of bovine serum albumin and palmitate, we suggest the involvement of fatty acids in the NT-1505-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling. In addition, we measured the induction of electrical current across planar bilayer lipid membrane upon the addition of NT-1505 to the bathing solution. Importantly, introduction of the palmitic acid into the lipid bilayer composition led to weak proton selectivity of the NT-1505-mediated BLM current. Thus, the present study revealed an ability of NT-1505 to cause moderate protonophoric uncoupling of mitochondria, which could contribute to the neuroprotective effect of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/40, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan M Veselov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at the Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij Proezd, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/40, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Vinogradova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at the Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij Proezd, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Lyudmila S Khailova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/40, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/40, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Maltsev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at the Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij Proezd, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at the Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij Proezd, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Elena F Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at the Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij Proezd, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia.
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Sharma S, Gali S, Kundu A, Park JH, Kim JS, Kim HS. Tenovin-1, a Selective SIRT1/2 Inhibitor, Attenuates High-fat Diet-induced Hepatic Fibrosis via Inhibition of HSC Activation in ZDF Rats. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3334-3352. [PMID: 38993557 PMCID: PMC11234213 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.97304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression to advanced stages, especially upon high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis can be marked by oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Sirtuin 1/2 (SIRT1/2), NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylases, are involved in attenuation of fibrosis. In our conducted research, TGF-β1-activated LX-2 cells, free fatty acid (FFA)-treated simultaneous co-culture (SCC) cells, and HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a widely used animal model in the study of metabolic syndromes, were used to evaluate the protective effect of Tenovin-1, a SIRT1/2 inhibitor. ZDF rats were divided into chow diet, HFD, and HFD + Tenovin-1 groups. Tenovin-1 reduced hepatic damage, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, micro/ macro-vesicular steatosis and prevented collagen deposition HFD-fed rats. Tenovin-1 reduced serum biochemical parameters, triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels but increased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. Tenovin-1 mitigated proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα and fibrosis biomarkers in HFD rats, TGF-β1-activated LX-2 and FFA treated SCC cells. Additionally, Tenovin-1 suppressed SIRT1/2 expression and inhibited JNK-1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in HFD rats and FFA-treated SCC cells. In conclusion, Tenovin-1 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by stimulating antioxidants and inhibiting inflammatory cytokines under HFD conditions in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 26419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sreevarsha Gali
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 26419, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 26419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 26419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 26419, Republic of Korea
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El-Atawy MA, Alsubaie MS, Alazmi ML, Hamed EA, Hanna DH, Ahmed HA, Omar AZ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of New N,N'-Diarylthiourea Derivative against Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:6420. [PMID: 37687250 PMCID: PMC10490226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to prepare two new homologous series of N,N'-diarylurea and N,N'-diarylthiourea derivatives to investigate the therapeutic effects of these derivatives on the methodologies of inhibition directed on human MCF-7 cancer cells. The molecular structures of the prepared derivatives were successfully revealed through elemental analyses, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic results showed that Diarylthiourea (compound 4) was the most effective in suppressing MCF-7 cell growth when compared to all other prepared derivatives, with the most effective IC50 value (338.33 ± 1.52 µM) after an incubation period of 24 h and no cytotoxic effects on normal human lung cells (wi38 cells). Using the annexin V/PI and comet tests, respectively, treated MCF-7 cells with this IC50 value of the Diarylthiourea 4 compound displayed a considerable increase in early and late apoptotic cells, as well as an intense comet nucleus in comparison to control cells. An arrest of the cell cycle in the S phase was observed via flow cytometry in MCF-7 cells treated with the Diarylthiourea 4 compound, suggesting the onset of apoptosis. Additionally, ELISA research showed that caspase-3 was upregulated in MCF-7 cells treated with compound 4 compared to control cells, suggesting that DNA damage induced by compound 4 may initiate an intrinsic apoptotic pathway and activate caspase-3. These results contributed to recognizing that the successfully prepared Diarylthiourea 4 compound inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells by arresting the S cell cycle and caspase-3 activation via an intrinsic apoptotic route. These results, however, need to be verified through in vivo studies utilizing an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Atawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai S. Alsubaie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.)
| | - Mohammed L. Alazmi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.)
| | - Ezzat A. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.)
| | - Demiana H. Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Alaa Z. Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; (M.A.E.-A.); (A.Z.O.)
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Strzyga-Łach P, Chrzanowska A, Kiernozek-Kalińska E, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Podsadni K, Podsadni P, Bielenica A. Proapoptotic effects of halogenated bis-phenylthiourea derivatives in cancer cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300105. [PMID: 37401845 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
New halogenated thiourea derivatives were synthesized via the reaction of substituted phenylisothiocyanates with aromatic amines. Their cytotoxic activity was examined in in vitro studies against solid tumors (SW480, SW620, PC3), a hematological malignance (K-562), and normal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Most of the compounds were more effective against SW480 (1a, 3a, 3b, 5j), K-562 (2b, 3a, 4a), or PC3 (5d) cells than cisplatin, with favorable selectivity. Their anticancer mechanisms were studied by Annexin V-fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate apoptosis, caspase-3/caspase-7 assessment, cell cycle analysis, interleukin-6 (IL-6) release inhibition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assay. Thioureas 1a, 2b, 3a, and 4a were the most potent activators of early apoptosis in K-562 cells, and substances 1a, 3b, 5j triggered late-apoptosis or necrosis in SW480 cells. This proapoptotic effect was proved by the significant increase of caspase-3/caspase-7 activation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that derivatives 1a, 3a, 5j increased the number of SW480 and K-562 cells in the sub-G1 and/or G0/G1 phases, and one evoked cycle arrest at the G2 phase. The most potent thioureas inhibited IL-6 cytokine secretion from PC3 cells and both colon cancer cell lines. Apoptosis-inducing compounds also increased ROS production in all tumor cell cultures, which may enhance their anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strzyga-Łach
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Podsadni
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Podsadni
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Othman EM, Fayed EA, Husseiny EM, Abulkhair HS. The effect of novel synthetic semicarbazone- and thiosemicarbazone-linked 1,2,3-triazoles on the apoptotic markers, VEGFR-2, and cell cycle of myeloid leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105968. [PMID: 35728289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor II (VEGFR-2) has been proved as a rational target in cancer therapy. Although currently prescribed VEGFR-2 inhibitors are showing potent antitumor activity, they are often causing serious unwanted effects, restricting their extensive use as chemotherapeutics. Herein, after analyzing the structures of the effective VEGFR-2 inhibitor molecules, we report the synthesis of a new set of semicarbazone- and thiosemicarbazone-linked 1,2,3-triazoles with expected potency of inhibiting the VEGFR-2 signaling. The design of new compounds considered maintaining the essential pharmacophoric features of sorafenib for effective binding with the receptor target. All compounds have been evaluated for their growth inhibition effect against a panel of sixty cancer cells at the National Cancer Institute. Leukemia cancer cells, especially HL-60 and SR, were shown to be the most sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of new compounds. Thiosemicarbazones 21, 26, and 30 exhibited the best activity against almost all tested cancer cells. Therefore, a set of subsequent in vitro biological evaluations has been performed to understand the mechanistic effect of these compounds further. They inhibited the VEGFR-2 with IC50 values of 0.128, 0.413, and 0.067 µM respectively compared with 0.048 µM of Sorafenib. The probable mechanistic effect of 30 has been further evaluated on a number of apoptotic and antiapoptotic markers including BAX, BCL2, caspase-3, and caspase-9. Results revealed the potential of the thiosemicarbazone-linked triazole 30 to induce both the early and the late apoptosis, elevate BAX/BCL2 ratio, induce caspase-3 & caspase-9, and arrest the HL-60 cell cycle at the G2/M and G0-G1 phases. Molecular docking of new semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones into the proposed biological target receptor has also been performed. Results of docking studies proved the potential of new semicarbazone- and thiosemicarbazone-linked 1,2,3-triazoles to effectively bind with crucial residues of the VEGFR-2 binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Othman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Fayed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal M Husseiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, International Coastal Road, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
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Special Issue "Anticancer Drugs 2021". Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040479. [PMID: 35455476 PMCID: PMC9025550 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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