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Zhao X, Li Y, Yu J, Teng H, Wu S, Wang Y, Zhou H, Li F. Role of mitochondria in pathogenesis and therapy of renal fibrosis. Metabolism 2024; 155:155913. [PMID: 38609039 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, specifically tubulointerstitial fibrosis, represents the predominant pathological consequence observed in the context of progressive chronic kidney conditions. The pathogenesis of renal fibrosis encompasses a multifaceted interplay of mechanisms, including but not limited to interstitial fibroblast proliferation, activation, augmented production of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and impaired ECM degradation. Notably, mitochondria, the intracellular organelles responsible for orchestrating biological oxidation processes in mammalian cells, assume a pivotal role within this intricate milieu. Mitochondrial dysfunction, when manifest, can incite a cascade of events, including inflammatory responses, perturbed mitochondrial autophagy, and associated processes, ultimately culminating in the genesis of renal fibrosis. This comprehensive review endeavors to furnish an exegesis of mitochondrial pathophysiology and biogenesis, elucidating the precise mechanisms through which mitochondrial aberrations contribute to the onset and progression of renal fibrosis. We explored how mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial cytopathy and mitochondrial autophagy mediate ECM deposition and renal fibrosis from a multicellular perspective of mesangial cells, endothelial cells, podocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. Furthermore, it succinctly encapsulates the most recent advancements in the realm of mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haolin Teng
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Maeda S, Sakai S, Takabatake Y, Yamamoto T, Minami S, Nakamura J, Namba-Hamano T, Takahashi A, Matsuda J, Yonishi H, Matsui S, Imai A, Edahiro R, Yamamoto-Imoto H, Matsui I, Takashima S, Imamura R, Nonomura N, Yanagita M, Okada Y, Ballabio A, Nakamura S, Yoshimori T, Isaka Y. MondoA and AKI and AKI-to-CKD Transition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00338. [PMID: 38819935 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points
The expression of MondoA was decreased in the renal tubules of patients with CKD.Genetic ablation of MondoA in proximal tubules inhibited autophagy and increased vulnerability to AKI through increased expression of Rubicon.MondoA ablation during the recovery phase after ischemia-reperfusion aggravated kidney injury through downregulation of the transcription factor EB-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α axis.
Background
Elderly individuals and patients with CKD are at a higher risk of AKI. The transcription factor MondoA is downregulated in the kidneys of aged individuals or patients with AKI; however, its roles in AKI development and the AKI-to-CKD transition remain unknown.
Methods
We investigated the expression of MondoA in human kidney biopsy samples, ischemia-reperfusion–injured (IRI) mouse kidneys, and cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxia/reoxygenation. The role of MondoA during the initial and recovery phases after IRI was evaluated using proximal tubule–specific MondoA knockout mice and MondoA-deficient proximal tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, we explored the involvement of Rubicon and transcription factor EB (TFEB), both of which are downstream factors of MondoA.
Results
MONDOA expression was decreased in the renal tubules of patients with CKD. In mouse kidneys, MondoA expression was decreased under ischemia, whereas its expression was increased during reperfusion. Genetic ablation of MondoA in proximal tubular epithelial cells inhibited autophagy and increased vulnerability to AKI through increased expression of Rubicon. Ablation of Rubicon in MondoA-deficient IRI kidneys activated autophagy and protected mitochondrial function. MondoA ablation during the recovery phase after ischemia-reperfusion aggravated kidney injury through downregulation of the TFEB-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α axis. Pharmacological upregulation of TFEB contributed to maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α transcription.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that MondoA protected against vulnerability to AKI by maintaining autophagy and subsequently supporting mitochondrial function to prevent progression to CKD.
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Grants
- JP22gm1410014 AMED
- 21K08276 a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
- 22K16240 a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
- 21H02935 a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan
- None Novo Nordisk Pharma
- None Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihomi Maeda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minami
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Namba-Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yonishi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Imai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuya Edahiro
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Imamura
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Wang Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhou J. Focus on Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: Potential Therapeutic Target for Chronic Renal Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:949. [PMID: 38256023 PMCID: PMC10815764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of the respiratory chain is closely associated with kidney function, and the dysfunction of the respiratory chain is a primary pathophysiological change in chronic kidney failure. The incidence of chronic kidney failure caused by defects in respiratory-chain-related genes has frequently been overlooked. Correcting abnormal metabolic reprogramming, rescuing the "toxic respiratory chain", and targeting the clearance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are potential therapies for treating chronic kidney failure. These treatments have shown promising results in slowing fibrosis and inflammation progression and improving kidney function in various animal models of chronic kidney failure and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a key target worthy of attention in the treatment of chronic kidney failure. This review integrated research related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain and chronic kidney failure, primarily elucidating the pathological status of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in chronic kidney failure and potential therapeutic drugs. It provided new ideas for the treatment of kidney failure and promoted the development of drugs targeting the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.W.); (J.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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Shipra, Tembhre MK, Hote MP, Bhari N, Lakshmy R, Kumaran SS. PGC-1α Agonist Rescues Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Mitigating the Oxidative Stress and Necroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1720. [PMID: 37760023 PMCID: PMC10525725 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (particularly dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)) significantly contributes to development and progression of heart failure (HF), and inflammatory factors further deteriorate the symptoms. Morphological and functional defects of the heart in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy (cardiotoxicity) are similar to those of DCM. We used anagonist of PGC-1α (PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma)-γ coactivator-1α) that is considered as the 'master regulator' of mitochondrial biogenesis with an aim to rescue the DOX-induced deleterious effects on the heart. Forty male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were divided in four groups, Control, DOX, ZLN005, and ZLN005 + DOX (n = 10 each group). The DOX-induced (10 mg/kg, single dose) cardiomyopathy mimics a DCM-like phenotype with marked morphologic alteration in cardiac tissue and functional derangements. Significant increased staining was observed for Masson Trichrome/Picrosirius red and α-Smooth Muscle Actinin (α-SMA) that indicated enhanced fibrosis in the DOX group compared to the control that was attenuated by (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator) (PGC)-1α (alpha) agonist (four doses of 2.5 mg/kg/dose; cumulative dose = 10 mg/kg). Similarly, elevated expression of necroptosis markers along with enhanced oxidative stress in the DOX group were alleviated by PGC-1α agonist. These data collectively suggested the potent therapeutic efficacy of PGC-1α agonist in mitigating the deleterious effects of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, and it may be targeted in developing the future therapeutics for the management of DCM/HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India; (S.)
| | | | | | - Neetu Bhari
- Dermatology & Venereology, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
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Dong YT, Cao K, Xiang J, Qi XL, Xiao Y, Yu WF, He Y, Hong W, Guan ZZ. Resveratrol Attenuates the Disruption of Lipid Metabolism Observed in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Mouse Brains and Cultured Primary Neurons Exposed to Aβ. Neuroscience 2023; 521:134-147. [PMID: 37142180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether resveratrol (RSV), an activator of silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), can reverse the disruption of lipid metabolism caused by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), APP/PS1 mice or cultured primary rat neurons were treated with RSV, suramin (inhibitor of SIRT1), ZLN005, a stimulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), or PGC-1α silencing RNA. In the brains of the APP/PS1 mice, expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and very LDLR (VLDLR) were reduced at the protein and, in some cases, mRNA levels; while the levels of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), total cholesterol and LDL were all elevated. Interestingly, these changes were reversed by administration of RSV, while being aggravated by suramin. Furthermore, activation of PGC-1α, but inhibition of SIRT1, decreased the levels of PCSK9 and ApoE, while increased those of LDLR and VLDLR in the neurons exposed to Aβ, and silencing PGC-1α, but activation of SIRT1, did not influence the levels of any of these proteins. These findings indicate that RSV can attenuate the disruption of lipid metabolism observed in the brains of APP mice and in primary neurons exposed to Aβ by activating SIRT1, in which the mechanism may involve subsequently affecting PGC-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Guizhou Medical University) of the Ministry of Education and Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guiyang 550004, PR China; Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, PR China.
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Xu C, Hong Q, Zhuang K, Ren X, Cui S, Dong Z, Wang Q, Bai X, Chen X. Regulation of pericyte metabolic reprogramming restricts the AKI to CKD transition. Metabolism 2023:155592. [PMID: 37230215 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality and is recognized as a long-term risk factor for progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The AKI to CKD transition is characterized by interstitial fibrosis and the proliferation of collagen-secreting myofibroblasts. Pericytes are the major source of myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism of pericyte-myofibroblast transition (PMT) is still unclear. Here we investigated the role of metabolic reprogramming in PMT. METHODS Unilateral ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI to CKD mouse model and TGF-β-treated pericyte-like cells were used to detect the levels of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and glycolysis, and the critical signaling pathways during PMT under the treatment of drugs regulating metabolic reprogramming. RESULTS PMT is characterized by a decrease in FAO and an increase in glycolysis. Enhancement of FAO by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α) activator ZLN-005 or suppression of glycolysis by the hexokinase 2 (HK2) inhibitor 2-DG can inhibit PMT, preventing the transition of AKI to CKD. Mechanistically, AMPK modulates various pathways involved in the metabolic switch from glycolysis to FAO. Specifically, the PGC1α-CPT1A pathway activates FAO, while inhibition of the HIF1α-HK2 pathway drives glycolysis inhibition. The modulations of these pathways by AMPK contribute to inhibiting PMT. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic reprogramming controls the fate of pericyte transdifferentiation and targets the abnormal metabolism of pericytes can effectively prevent AKI to CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China; Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Kaiting Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xuejing Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zheyi Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Nanguan District, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China; Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
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Suzuki Y, Kami D, Taya T, Sano A, Ogata T, Matoba S, Gojo S. ZLN005 improves the survival of polymicrobial sepsis by increasing the bacterial killing via inducing lysosomal acidification and biogenesis in phagocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1089905. [PMID: 36820088 PMCID: PMC9938763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1089905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial sepsis still has a high mortality rate despite the development of antimicrobial agents, elaborate strategies to protect major organs, and the investment of numerous medical resources. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which acts as the center of energy metabolism, is clearly the basis of pathogenesis. Drugs that act on PGC1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biosynthesis, have shown useful effects in the treatment of sepsis; therefore, we investigated the efficacy of ZLN005, a PGC1α agonist, and found significant improvement in overall survival in an animal model. The mode of action of this effect was examined, and it was shown that the respiratory capacity of mitochondria was enhanced immediately after administration and that the function of TFEB, a transcriptional regulator that promotes lysosome biosynthesis and mutually enhances PGC1α, was enhanced, as was the physical contact between mitochondria and lysosomes. ZLN005 strongly supported immune defense in early sepsis by increasing lysosome volume and acidity and enhancing cargo degradation, resulting in a significant reduction in bacterial load. ZLN005 rapidly acted on two organelles, mitochondria and lysosomes, against sepsis and interactively linked the two to improve the pathogenesis. This is the first demonstration that acidification of lysosomes by a small molecule is a mechanism of action in the therapeutic strategy for sepsis, which will have a significant impact on future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arata Sano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ogata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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