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Dewi ES, Zakiya FA, Mei KW, Arimbawa G, Evi N. The Impact of Aromatherapy Gelatin Cold Compresses on the Concentration Level of Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic Online Class. SAGE Open Nurs 2024; 10:23779608241228901. [PMID: 38362464 PMCID: PMC10868485 DOI: 10.1177/23779608241228901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stressful circumstances presented by the Covid-19 pandemic led to reduced levels of study concentration among students, and these conditions had been linked with dopamine levels. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aromatherapy gelatin cold compress in increasing the study concentration of students by decreasing stress levels and elevating dopamine levels during the Covid-19 pandemic online class. Methods The study participants consisted of 42 students, who were selected using the simple random sampling method. Subsequently, the participants were comparably divided into control and treatment groups. Compress intervention was given to the treatment group on the forehead for 10 min before studying online. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Stroop test were then used to determine stress and concentration levels of the students, respectively. The catecholamine fractionated urine was used to measure dopamine levels. Analysis was carried out using Paired T-test and Independent T-test with α = 0.05 and CI = 95%. Results The mean value of the VAS before and after treatment was 5.81 ± 2.48 and 5.28 ± 2.61 in the control (p = 0.205), as well as 6.28 ± 1.62 and 4.38 ± 1.89 in the treatment group (p = 0.000). The mean interference score of the Stroop test before and after treatment was 13.16 ± 1.05 and 13.22 ± 1.31 among the controls (p = 0.947), while 13.35 ± 6.94 and 8.92 ± 5.91 were recorded in the treatment group (p = 0.000). The average dopamine levels before and after the intervention were 145.50 ± 7.94 mg/mL and 146.65 ± 8.23 mg/mL creatinine among the controls (p = 0.542), while 145.35 ± 1.03 mg/mL and 265.18 ± 1.27 mg/mL creatinine were obtained in the treatment group (p = 0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that the creatinine levels were within the normal ranges. The Independent T-test of stress, concentration, and dopamine levels obtained p = 0.024, p = 0.010, and p = 0.090, respectively. Conclusion Aromatherapy gelatin cold compress was effective in increasing study concentration by decreasing stress levels and increasing dopamine levels during the Covid-19 pandemic online class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Sari Dewi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Fifi Afifatus Zakiya
- Bachelor of Nursing Science Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Karina Wulan Mei
- Bachelor of Nursing Science Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Gusde Arimbawa
- Bachelor of Nursing Science Study Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Evi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sports, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Ginting B, Sufriadi E, Harnelly E, Isnaini N, Mulana F, Suparto IH, Ilmiawati A, Ernawati E, Muhammad S, Syakira M, Riski CD. Identification of volatile compounds contained in the therapeutic essential oils from Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra, and Mentha piperita and their purified fractions. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:208-212. [PMID: 37692008 PMCID: PMC10483909 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_161_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pogostemon cablin, Melaleuca leucadendra, and Mentha piperita are three aromatic plants that have been reported to produce a high yield of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic properties. This present study aimed to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the volatile components present in the aforementioned aromatic plants. Essential oils from P. cablin and M. leucadendra were obtained from community-based enterprises in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The essential oils were further purified using vacuum rotary evaporator. In addition, we also investigated the essential oils from M. piperita based on the priorly optimized parameters. The volatile components contained in the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The qualitative data were derived from the MS data based on the fragmented components separated by the GC and compared with the database. The abundance of each volatile component was determined based on the area percentage of the chromatographic peak. In P. cablin oil, the relative abundance of α-guaiene and seychellene was higher in heavy fraction (17.11 and 10.29, respectively), while patchouli alcohol in light fraction (69.92%). Eucalyptol was found higher in the light fraction of M. leucadendra oil (MO) than that in the heavy fraction (78.87% vs. 17.34%, respectively). As for the M. piperita oil, menthone was found as the predominant component with relative abundance of 21.6%. Essential oils extracted from P. cablin, M. leucadendra, and M. piperita consist of volatile components with medicinal and therapeutic potentials, in which their compositions are affected by the purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binawati Ginting
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Elly Sufriadi
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Essy Harnelly
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Isnaini
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Farid Mulana
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Irma Herawati Suparto
- Department of Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Auliya Ilmiawati
- Department of Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ernawati Ernawati
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Economics and Bisnis, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Syaifullah Muhammad
- ARC-PUIPT Nilam Aceh USK, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Maula Syakira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Cantika Dwi Riski
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Fonseca ECM, Ferreira LR, Figueiredo PLB, Maia CDSF, Setzer WN, Da Silva JKR. Antidepressant Effects of Essential Oils: A Review of the Past Decade (2012-2022) and Molecular Docking Study of Their Major Chemical Components. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119244. [PMID: 37298210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. The medications available for treatment take a long time to exhibit therapeutic results and present several side effects. Furthermore, there is a decrease in the quality of life of people suffering from this affliction. Essential oils are traditionally used to relieve the symptoms of depression due to the properties of the constituents of these oils to cross the blood-brain barrier acting on depression-related biological receptors associated with reduced toxicity and side effects. In addition, compared to traditional drugs, they have several administration forms. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of studies on plants whose essential oil has exhibit antidepressant activity in the past decade and the mechanism of action of the major components and models tested. An additional in silico study was conducted with the frequent compounds in the composition of these essential oils, providing a molecular approach to the mechanism of action that has been reported in the past decade. This review is valuable for the development of potential antidepressant medications in addition to providing a molecular approach to the antidepressant mechanism of action of the major volatile compounds that have been reported in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Christie M Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lanalice R Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Pablo Luis B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66087-662, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro F Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Joyce Kelly R Da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Khairan K, Hasan M, Idroes R, Diah M. Fabrication and Evaluation of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Corn Starch/Patchouli Oil Hydrogel Films Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized in Pogostemon cablin Benth Leaves' Extract. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052020. [PMID: 36903266 PMCID: PMC10004108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the manufacture of hydrogel films from polyvinyl alcohol, corn starch, patchouli oil, and silver nanoparticles, (PVA/CS/PO/AgNPs, respectively) was completed. The silver nanoparticles used in this study resulted from green synthesis using local patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin Benth). Aqueous patchouli leaf extract (APLE) and methanol patchouli leaf extract (MPLE) are used in the synthesis of phytochemicals (green synthesis), which are then blended in the production of PVA/CS/PO/AgNPs hydrogel films, which are then cross linked with glutaraldehyde. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel film was flexible, easy to fold, and free of holes and air bubbles. The presence of hydrogen bonds between the functional groups of PVA, CS, and PO was revealed using FTIR spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed that the hydrogel film was slightly agglomerated and did not exhibit cracking or pinholes. The analysis of pH, spreadability, gel fraction, and swelling index showed that the resulting PVA/CS/PO/AgNP hydrogel films met expected standards except for the organoleptic properties of the resulting colors, which tended to be slightly darker in color. The formula with silver nanoparticles synthesized in methanolic of patchouli leaf extract (AgMENPs) had the highest thermal stability compared to hydrogel films with silver nanoparticles synthesized in aqueous of patchouli leaf extract (AgAENPs). The hydrogel films can be safely used up to 200 °C. The antibacterial studies revealed that the films inhibited the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis, as determined by the disc diffusion method, with the best antibacterial activity being against Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, the hydrogel film F1, loaded with silver nanoparticles biosynthesized in aqueous of patchouli leave extract (AgAENPs) and light fraction of patchouli oil (LFoPO) performed the best activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairan Khairan
- Departement of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Herbal Medicine Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Ethnoscience Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- PUI-Nilam Aceh-Atsiri Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Miftahul Hasan
- Departement of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rinaldi Idroes
- Departement of Pharmacy, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Herbal Medicine Research Center, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Diah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Division of Cardiology, Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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Nong Y, Gahoonia N, Rizzo J, Burney W, Sivamani RK, Maloh J. Prospective Evaluation of a Topical Botanical Skin Care Regimen on Mild to Moderate Facial and Truncal Acne and Mood. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041484. [PMID: 36836020 PMCID: PMC9966061 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory condition that can be associated with profound psychosocial impacts. Conventional treatment includes topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and antimicrobials, and some may cause irritation and skin dryness. In this 8-week open-label study, we examined the effects of a botanical skin care regimen (Codex Labs Shaant Balancing regimen) on mild to moderate facial and truncal acne. Twenty-four male and female subjects between the ages of 12 and 45 years were assessed for eligibility, 20 were enrolled, and 15 completed all study visits. Facial and truncal acne lesion counts, skin hydration, sebum excretion rate, and mood were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Total facial lesion counts (inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions) decreased by 20.5% at week 4 (p = 0.06) and by 25.2% at week 8 (p < 0.05). Inflammatory lesion counts on the trunk were found to decrease at week 8 relative to baseline by 48% (p < 0.05). Forehead sebum excretion rate decreased by 40% at week 4 (p = 0.07) and 22% at week 8 (p = 0.08), and cheek skin hydration increased by 27.6% at week 4 (p = 0.14) and 65% at week 8 (p = 0.10). Participants also experienced significant improvement in components of a positive effect, such as feeling "strong" and "inspired", and a decrease in negative effects, such as feeling "irritable." Overall, the botanical skin care regimen was found to be well-tolerated. Our study suggests that a botanical skin care regimen may reduce facial and truncal acne lesion counts, increase skin hydration, reduce sebum production, and augment positive effects and moods in those with mild to moderate facial and truncal acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nong
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nimrit Gahoonia
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Julianne Rizzo
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Waqas Burney
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jessica Maloh
- Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA
- Correspondence: (R.K.S.); (J.M.)
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