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Yang C, Chen W, Ye B, Nie K. An overview of 6-shogaol: new insights into its pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic activities. Food Funct 2024; 15:7252-7270. [PMID: 38287779 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has traditionally been used as a cooking spice and herbal medicine for treating nausea and vomiting. More recently, ginger was found to effectively reduce the risk of diseases such as gastroenteritis, migraine, gonarthritis, etc., due to its various bioactive compounds. 6-Shogaol, the pungent phenolic substance in ginger, is the most pharmacologically active among such compounds. The aim of the present study was to review the pharmacological characteristic of 6-shogaol, including the properties of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour, and its corresponding molecular mechanism. With its multiple mechanisms, 6-shogaol is considered a beneficial natural compound, and therefore, this review will shed some light on the therapeutic role of 6-shogaol and provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of 6-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weijian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Binbin Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ke Nie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Kuroda T, Suzuki A, Okada H, Shimizu M, Watanabe D, Suzuki K, Mori K, Ohmura K, Niwa A, Imaizumi Y, Matsuo M, Ichihashi K, Okubo T, Taniguchi T, Kanayma T, Kobayashi R, Sugie S, Hara A, Tomita H. Endothelial Glycocalyx in the Peripheral Capillaries is Injured Under Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104462. [PMID: 38211844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based anticancer drug, is associated with peripheral neuropathy (oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, OIPN), which can lead to worsening of quality of life and treatment interruption. The endothelial glycocalyx, a fragile carbohydrate-rich layer covering the luminal surface of endothelial cells, acts as an endothelial gatekeeper and has been suggested to protect nerves, astrocytes, and other cells from toxins and substances released from the capillary vessels. Mechanisms underlying OIPN and the role of the glycocalyx remain unclear. This study aimed to define changes in the three-dimensional ultrastructure of capillary endothelial glycocalyx near nerve fibers in the hind paws of mice with OIPN. The mouse model of OPIN revealed disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx in the peripheral nerve compartment, accompanied by vascular permeability, edema, and damage to the peripheral nerves. To investigate the potential treatment interventions, nafamostat mesilate, a glycocalyx protective agent was used in tumor-bearing male mice. Nafamostat mesilate suppressed mechanical allodynia associated with neuropathy. It also prevented intra-epidermal nerve fiber loss and improved vascular permeability in the peripheral paws. The disruption of endothelial glycocalyx in the capillaries that lie within peripheral nerve bundles is a novel finding in OPIN. Furthermore, these findings point toward the potential of a new treatment strategy targeting endothelial glycocalyx to prevent vascular injury as an effective treatment of neuropathy as well as of many other diseases. PERSPECTIVE: OIPN damages the endothelial glycocalyx in the peripheral capillaries, increasing vascular permeability. In order to prevent OIPN, this work offers a novel therapy approach that targets endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan; Laboratory of Advanced Medical Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Daichi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan; Department of Infection Control, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mori
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Ohmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Ichihashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okubo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taniguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayma
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan; Laboratory of Advanced Medical Pharmacy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
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3
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Chen GQ, Nan Y, Huang SC, Ning N, Du YH, Lu DD, Yang YT, Meng FD, Yuan L. Research progress of ginger in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1835-1851. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer seriously endangers human health. Gastrointestinal cancer is the most common and major malignant tumor, and its morbidity and mortality are gradually increasing. Although there are effective treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tumors, they are often accompanied by serious side effects. According to the traditional Chinese medicine and food homology theory, many materials are both food and medicine. Moreover, food is just as capable of preventing and treating diseases as medicine. Medicine and food homologous herbs not only have excellent pharmacological effects and activities but also have few side effects. As a typical medicinal herb with both medicinal and edible uses, some components of ginger have been shown to have good efficacy and safety against cancer. A mass of evidence has also shown that ginger has anti-tumor effects on digestive tract cancers (such as gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, laryngeal cancer, and pancreatic cancer) through a variety of pathways. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of action of the main components of ginger and their potential clinical applications in treating gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Cong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Na Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Hua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dou-Dou Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fan-Di Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical College, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Kim H, Park KT, Jo H, Shin Y, Chung G, Ko SG, Jin YH, Kim W. The effect of ginger extract on cisplatin-induced acute anorexia in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267254. [PMID: 38026983 PMCID: PMC10665510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat various cancers. However, several side effects have been reported in treated patients. Among these, acute anorexia is one of the most severe secondary effects. In this study, a single oral administration of 100 or 500 mg/kg ginger extract (GE) significantly alleviated the cisplatin-induced decrease in food intake in rats. However, these body weight and water intake decreases were reversed in the 100 mg/kg group rats. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of action, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT2C, 3A, and 4 receptors in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve were investigated. The results showed that cisplatin-induced increases in serotonin levels in both the blood and nodose ganglion tissues were significantly decreased by100 and 500 mg/kg of GE administration. On 5-HT receptors, 5-HT3A and 4, but not 2C receptors, were affected by cisplatin, and GE 100 and 500 mg/kg succeeded in downregulating the evoked upregulated gene of these receptors. Protein expression of 5-HT3A and 4 receptors were also reduced in the 100 mg/kg group. Furthermore, the injection of 5-HT3A, and 4 receptors antagonists (palonostron, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.; piboserod, 1 mg/kg, i.p., respectively) in cisplatin treated rats prevented the decrease in food intake. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol were identified and quantified as the major components of GE, comprising 4.12% and 2.15% of the GE, respectively. Although [6]-gingerol or [6]-shogaol alone failed to alleviate the evoked anorexia, when treated together, the effect was significant on the cisplatin-induced decrease in food intake. These results show that GE can be considered a treatment option to alleviate cisplatin-induced anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonah Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Jo
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchan Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Jin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jia Y, Li X, Meng X, Lei J, Xia Y, Yu L. Anticancer perspective of 6-shogaol: anticancer properties, mechanism of action, synergism and delivery system. Chin Med 2023; 18:138. [PMID: 37875983 PMCID: PMC10594701 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a malignant disease that has plagued human beings all the time, but the treatment effect of commonly used anticancer drugs in clinical practice is not ideal by reason of their drug tolerance and Strong adverse reactions to patients. Therefore, it is imperative to find effective and low-toxic anticancer drugs. Many research works have shown that natural products in Chinese herbal medicine have great anticancer potential, such as 6-shogaol, a monomer composition obtained from Chinese herbal ginger, which has been confirmed by numerous in vitro or vivo studies to be an excellent anti-cancer active substance. In addition, most notably, 6-shogaol has different selectivity for normal and cancer cells during treatment, which makes it valuable for further research and clinical development. Therefore, this review focus on the anti-cancer attributes, the mechanism and the regulation of related signaling pathways of 6-shogaol. In addition, its synergy with commonly used anticancer drugs, potential drug delivery systems and prospects for future research are discussed. This is the first review to comprehensively summarize the anti-cancer mechanism of 6-shogaol, hoping to provide a theoretical basis and guiding significance for future anti-cancer research and clinical development of 6-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxia Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Li
- Jianyang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjie Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangmiao Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingying Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Gang J, Park KT, Kim S, Kim W. Involvement of the Spinal Serotonergic System in the Analgesic Effect of [6]-Shogaol in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1465. [PMID: 37895936 PMCID: PMC10610466 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapy drug that can induce severe acute neuropathy in patients within hours of treatment. In our previous study, 10 mg/kg [6]-shogaol (i.p.) significantly alleviated cold and mechanical allodynia induced by a 6 mg/kg oxaliplatin injection (i.p.); however, the precise serotonin-modulatory effect has not been investigated. In this study, we showed that intrathecal injections of NAN-190 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist, 1 µg) and MDL-72222 (5-HT3 receptor antagonist, 15 µg), but not ketanserin (5-HT2A receptor antagonist, 1 µg), significantly blocked the analgesic effect of [6]-shogaol (10 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, the gene expression of the serotonin-synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and serotonin levels in the spinal cord and serum were significantly downregulated (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0002) and upregulated (p = 0.0298 and p = 0.0099) after oxaliplatin and [6]-shogaol administration, respectively. Moreover, both the gene and protein expression of the spinal serotonin receptors 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 significantly increased after [6]-shogaol injections (p < 0.0001). Finally, intrathecal injections of both receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT; 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 10 µg and m-CPBG; 5-HT3 receptor agonist, 15 µg) mimicked the effects of [6]-shogaol in oxaliplatin-injected mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that [6]-shogaol attenuates oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain by modulating the spinal serotoninergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gang
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Keun-Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; (K.-T.P.); (S.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyong Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; (K.-T.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea; (K.-T.P.); (S.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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The Effect of Ginger and Its Sub-Components on Pain. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172296. [PMID: 36079679 PMCID: PMC9460519 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) has long been used as an herbal medicine to treat various diseases, and its main sub-components, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, were also reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, their effects on various types of pain and their underlying mechanisms of action have not been clearly analyzed and understood yet. Thus, in this review, by analyzing 16 studies that used Z. officinale, [6]-gingerol, and [6]-shogaol on mechanical, spontaneous and thermal pain, their effects and mechanisms of action have been analyzed. Pain was induced by either nerve injury or chemical injections in rodents. Nine studies analyzed the analgesic effect of Z. officinale, and four and three studies focused on [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol, respectively. Seven papers have demonstrated the underlying mechanism of action of their analgesic effects. Studies have focused on the spinal cord and one on the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Involvement and change in the function of serotonergic receptors (5-HT1A, B, D, and 5A), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (Nav1.8), substance P (SP), and sciatic nerve’s morphology have been observed.
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