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Meng L, Fang J, Zhang J, Li H, Xia D, Zhuang R, Chen H, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang X, Guo Z. Rational Design and Comparison of Novel 99mTc-Labeled FAPI Dimers for Visualization of Multiple Tumor Types. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8460-8472. [PMID: 38717104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Recognizing the significance of SPECT in nuclear medicine and the pivotal role of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in cancer diagnosis and therapy, this study focuses on the development of 99mTc-labeled dimeric HF2 with high tumor uptake and image contrast. The dimeric HF2 was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99mTc in one pot using various coligands (tricine, TPPTS, EDDA, and TPPMS) to yield [99mTc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2, [99mTc]Tc-EDDA-HF2, and [99mTc]Tc-TPPMS-HF2 dimers. SPECT imaging results indicated that [99mTc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2 exhibited higher tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue (T/NT) ratio than [99mTc]Tc-EDDA-HF2 and [99mTc]Tc-TPPMS-HF2. Notably, [99mTc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2 exhibited remarkable tumor accumulation and retention in HT-1080-FAP and U87-MG tumor-bearing mice, thereby surpassing the monomeric [99mTc]Tc-TPPTS-HF. Moreover, [99mTc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2 achieved acceptable T/NT ratios in the hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenograft (HCC-PDX) model, which provided identifiable contrast and imaging quality. In conclusion, this study presents proof-of-concept research on 99mTc-labeled FAP inhibitor dimers for the visualization of multiple tumor types. Among these candidate compounds, [99mTc]Tc-TPPTS-HF2 showed excellent clinical potential, thereby enriching the SPECT tracer toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jinxiong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yesen Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- Theranostics and Translational Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen 361102, China
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Boschi A, Urso L, Uccelli L, Martini P, Filippi L. 99mTc-labeled FAPI compounds for cancer and inflammation: from radiochemistry to the first clinical applications. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:36. [PMID: 38695960 PMCID: PMC11065808 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, fibroblast activating protein (FAP), a biomarker overexpressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts, has emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers in oncology. Similarly, FAP overexpression has been detected in various fibroblast-mediated inflammatory conditions such as liver cirrhosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Along this trajectory, FAP-targeted positron emission tomography (PET), utilizing FAP inhibitors (FAPi) labeled with positron emitters, has gained traction as a powerful imaging approach in both cancer and inflammation. However, PET represents a high-cost technology, and its widespread adoption is still limited compared to the availability of gamma cameras. To address this issue, several efforts have been made to explore the potential of [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers as molecular probes for imaging with gamma cameras and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MAIN BODY Several approaches have been investigated for labeling FAPi-based compounds with 99mTc. Specifically, the mono-oxo, tricarbonyl, isonitrile, and HYNIC strategies have been applied to produce [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers, which have been tested in vitro and in animal models. Overall, these labeling approaches have demonstrated high efficiency and strong binding. The resulting [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers have shown high specificity for FAP-positive cells and xenografts in both in vitro and animal model studies, respectively. However, the majority of [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers have exhibited variable levels of lipophilicity, leading to preferential excretion through the hepatobiliary route and undesirable binding to lipoproteins. Consequently, efforts have been made to synthesize more hydrophilic FAPi-based compounds to improve pharmacokinetic properties and achieve a more favorable biodistribution, particularly in the abdominal region. SPECT imaging with [99mTc]Tc-FAPi has yielded promising results in patients with gastrointestinal tumors, demonstrating comparable or superior diagnostic performance compared to other imaging modalities. Similarly, encouraging outcomes have been observed in subjects with gliomas, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Beyond oncological applications, [99mTc]Tc-FAPi-based imaging has been successfully employed in myocardial and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This overview focuses on the various radiochemical strategies for obtaining [99mTc]Tc-FAPi tracers, highlighting the main challenges encountered and possible solutions when applying each distinct approach. Additionally, it covers the preclinical and initial clinical applications of [99mTc]Tc-FAPi in cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Boschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Urso
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70 c/o viale Eliporto, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ferrara Hospital, Via A. Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Licia Uccelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70 c/o viale Eliporto, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Ferrara Hospital, Via A. Moro, 8, 44124, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Petra Martini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Luca Filippi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Oncohaematology, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Zhang Z, Tao J, Qiu J, Cao Z, Huang H, Xiao J, Zhang T. From basic research to clinical application: targeting fibroblast activation protein for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:361-381. [PMID: 37726505 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to review the multifaceted roles of a membrane protein named Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expressed in tumor tissue, including its molecular functionalities, regulatory mechanisms governing its expression, prognostic significance, and its crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Articles that have uncovered the regulatory role of FAP in tumor, as well as its potential utility within clinical realms, spanning diagnosis to therapeutic intervention has been screened for a comprehensive review. RESULTS Our review reveals that FAP plays a pivotal role in solid tumor progression by undertaking a multitude of enzymatic and nonenzymatic roles within the tumor stroma. The exclusive presence of FAP within tumor tissues highlights its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. The review also emphasizes the prognostic significance of FAP in predicting tumor progression and patient outcomes. Furthermore, the emerging strategies involving FAPI inhibitor (FAPI) in cancer research and clinical trials for PET/CT diagnosis are discussed. And targeted therapy utilizing FAP including FAPI, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, tumor vaccine, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, FAP cleavable prodrugs, and drug delivery system are also introduced. CONCLUSION FAP's intricate interactions with tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment make it a promising target for diagnosis and treatment. Promising strategies such as FAPI offer potential avenues for accurate tumor diagnosis, while multiple therapeutic strategies highlight the prospects of FAP targeting treatments which needs further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Ferro-Flores G, Ancira-Cortez A, Ocampo-García B, Meléndez-Alafort L. Molecularly Targeted Lanthanide Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:296. [PMID: 38334567 PMCID: PMC10857384 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Injectable colloidal solutions of lanthanide oxides (nanoparticles between 10 and 100 nm in size) have demonstrated high biocompatibility and no toxicity when the nanoparticulate units are functionalized with specific biomolecules that molecularly target various proteins in the tumor microenvironment. Among the proteins successfully targeted by functionalized lanthanide nanoparticles are folic receptors, fibroblast activation protein (FAP), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and integrins associated with tumor neovasculature. Lutetium, samarium, europium, holmium, and terbium, either as lanthanide oxide nanoparticles or as nanoparticles doped with lanthanide ions, have demonstrated their theranostic potential through their ability to generate molecular images by magnetic resonance, nuclear, optical, or computed tomography imaging. Likewise, photodynamic therapy, targeted radiotherapy (neutron-activated nanoparticles), drug delivery guidance, and image-guided tumor therapy are some examples of their potential therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of cancer theranostics based on lanthanide nanoparticles coated with specific peptides, ligands, and proteins targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (G.F.-F.); (A.A.-C.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Alejandra Ancira-Cortez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (G.F.-F.); (A.A.-C.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (G.F.-F.); (A.A.-C.); (B.O.-G.)
| | - Laura Meléndez-Alafort
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35138 Padova, Italy
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O'Brien SR, Ward R, Wu GG, Bagheri S, Kiani M, Challa A, Ulaner GA, Pantel AR, McDonald ES. Other Novel PET Radiotracers for Breast Cancer. PET Clin 2023; 18:557-566. [PMID: 37369615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Many novel PET radiotracers have demonstrated potential use in breast cancer. Although not currently approved for clinical use in the breast cancer population, these innovative imaging agents may one day play a role in the diagnosis, staging, management, and even treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R O'Brien
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rebecca Ward
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace G Wu
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sina Bagheri
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/Sina_Bagherii
| | - Mahsa Kiani
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashrit Challa
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; Radiology and Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Austin R Pantel
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth S McDonald
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1 Donner, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Rezaei S, Gharapapagh E, Dabiri S, Heidari P, Aghanejad A. Theranostics in targeting fibroblast activation protein bearing cells: Progress and challenges. Life Sci 2023; 329:121970. [PMID: 37481033 PMCID: PMC10773987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are surrounded by a complex and highly dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a critical component of TME, contribute to cancer cell proliferation as well as metastatic spread. CAFs express a variety of biomarkers, which can be targeted for detection and therapy. Most importantly, CAFs express high levels of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) which contributes to progression of cancer, invasion, metastasis, migration, immunosuppression, and drug resistance. As a consequence, FAP is an attractive theranostic target. In this review, we discuss the latest advancement in targeting FAP in oncology using theranostic biomarkers and imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), fluorescence imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rezaei
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Gharapapagh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Dabiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Departments of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Ayuob Aghanejad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza General Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Luna-Gutiérrez M, Cruz-Nova P, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Oros-Pantoja R, Lara-Almazán N, Santos-Cuevas C, Azorín-Vega E, Ocampo-García B, Ferro-Flores G. Synthesis and Evaluation of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i as Potential Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Microenvironment-Targeted Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12382. [PMID: 37569758 PMCID: PMC10418980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer therapies focus on reducing immunosuppression and remodeling the tumor microenvironment to inhibit metastasis, cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance. Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) is expressed on immune T cells and is one of the so-called checkpoint proteins that can suppress or stop the immune response. To evade the immune system, cancer cells overexpress a PD-1 inhibitor protein (PD-L1), which binds to the surface of T cells to activate signaling pathways that induce immune suppression. This research aimed to synthesize PD-L1 inhibitory peptides (PD-L1-i) labeled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i) and actinium-225 (225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i) and to preclinically evaluate their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radiotherapy at the tumor microenvironment level. Using PD-L1-i peptide as starting material, conjugation with HEHA-benzene-SCN and DOTA-benzene-SCN was performed to yield DOTA-PD-L1-i and HEHA-PD-L1-I, which were characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and HPLC. After labeling the conjugates with 225Ac and 177Lu, cellular uptake in HCC827 cancer cells (PD-L1 positive), conjugate specificity evaluation by immunofluorescence, radiotracer effect on cell viability, biodistribution, biokinetics, and assessment of radiation absorbed dose in mice with in duced lung micrometastases were performed. 225Ac-HEHA-PD-L1-i and 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, obtained with radiochemical purities of 95 ± 3% and 98.5 ± 0.5%, respectively, showed in vitro and in vivo specific recognition for the PD-L1 protein in lung cancer cells and high uptake in HCC287 lung micrometastases (>30% ID). The biokinetic profiles of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i and 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i showed rapid blood clearance with renal and hepatobiliary elimination and no accumulation in normal tissues. 225Ac-DOTA-PD-L1-i produced a radiation dose of 5.15 mGy/MBq to lung micrometastases. In the case of 177Lu-DOTA-PD-L1-i, the radiation dose delivered to the lung micrometastases was ten times (43 mGy/MBq) that delivered to the kidneys (4.20 mGy/MBq) and fifty times that delivered to the liver (0.85 mGy/MBq). Therefore, the radiotherapeutic PD-L1-i ligands of 225Ac and 177Lu developed in this research could be combined with immunotherapy to enhance the therapeutic effect in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | | | | | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Erika Azorín-Vega
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico (E.A.-V.)
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Yue X. Special Issue "In Vivo Nuclear Molecular Imaging in Drug Development and Pharmacological Research". Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030459. [PMID: 36986558 PMCID: PMC10054510 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear molecular imaging is increasingly important in aiding diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and assessing response to treatment [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Yue
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
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9
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Melendez-Alafort L, Ferro-Flores G, De Nardo L, Ocampo-García B, Bolzati C. Zirconium immune-complexes for PET molecular imaging: Current status and prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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