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Najmul Hejaz Azmi S, Aqib Nasir Al Rawahi W, Ibrahim Al Yahyai A, Ali Al Qasimi A, Saif Al Fuliti K, Said Al Qalhati O, Rahman N, Uddin Ahmed Q. High performance liquid chromatographic method optimized by Box-Behnken design model to determine caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:124035. [PMID: 38309045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A UV-HPLC method optimized by Box-Behnken design model was developed to determine caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples. The chromatographic conditions followed were mobile phase: methanol/water/ citrate buffer (pH 4.6) (40:25:35, v/v/v),AcclaimTMDionex C18 column (ODS 100A˚, 5 µm; 4.6 × 250 mm),flow rate (0.9 mL min-1), column temperature (30 °C) and UV-detection wavelength (204 nm). The chromatographic variables: pH (A), % methanol fraction (B), flow rate(C) and column temperature (D) were optimized at 50 μg mL-1caffeine using BBD model. The chromatogram resulted in the asymmetry factor (1.23), theoretical plate 13,786 and retention time (5.79 min). The proposed HPLC method's greenness point was assessed byAnalytical Eco-scale and found to be 78 (as per guidelines, ranked as excellent). The linearity was ranged from2.0 to 70 µg mL-1 with coefficient of correlation (r = 0.999) and detection limit of 0.19 µg mL-1. The proposedmethod was developed successfully and applied for the assay of active caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples. The % recovery obtained by both (proposed and reference) methods ranged from 99.98 to 100.05 % followed the compliance (100 ± 2 %) with Canadian Health Protection regulatory guidelines. The performance of the proposed method was compared with published papers and found to be acceptable and superior. The proposed method was quite effective as the reference method, and hence can be used as an alternative method for the assay of active caffeine in pharmaceutical preparations and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Najmul Hejaz Azmi
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, P. O. Box 74, Al Khuwair 133, Oman.
| | - Wafa Aqib Nasir Al Rawahi
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, P. O. Box 74, Al Khuwair 133, Oman.
| | - Arwa Ibrahim Al Yahyai
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, P. O. Box 74, Al Khuwair 133, Oman.
| | - Asma Ali Al Qasimi
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, P. O. Box 74, Al Khuwair 133, Oman.
| | - Kothar Saif Al Fuliti
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, P. O. Box 74, Al Khuwair 133, Oman.
| | - Omayma Said Al Qalhati
- Applied Sciences Department, College of Applied Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Muscat, P. O. Box 74, Al Khuwair 133, Oman.
| | - Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia.
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Khan AU, Hussain T, Abdullah, Khan MA, Almostafa MM, Younis NS, Yahya G. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Ficus carica-Mediated Calcium Oxide (CaONPs) Phyto-Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:5553. [PMID: 37513425 PMCID: PMC10385276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of nanomaterials in biomedicines served as the inspiration for the design of this study. In this particular investigation, we carried out the biosynthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) by employing a green-chemistry strategy and making use of an extract of Ficus carica (an edible fruit) as a capping and reducing agent. There is a dire need for new antimicrobial agents due to the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance. Nanoparticles' diverse antibacterial properties suggest that they might be standard alternatives to antimicrobial drugs in the future. We describe herein the use of a Ficus carica extract as a capping and reducing agent in the phyto-mediated synthesis of CaONPs for the evaluation of their antimicrobial properties. The phyto-mediated synthesis of NPs is considered a reliable approach due to its high yield, stability, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. The CaONPs were physiochemically characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biological synthesis of the calcium oxide nanoparticles revealed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak (SPR) at 360 nm in UV-Vis spectroscopy, which clearly revealed the successful reduction of the Ca2+ ions to Ca0 nanoparticles. The characteristic FTIR peak seen at 767 cm-1 corresponded to Ca-O bond stretching and, thus, confirmed the biosynthesis of the CaONPs, while the scanning-electron micrographs revealed near-CaO aggregates with an average diameter of 84.87 ± 2.0 nm. The antibacterial and anti-biofilm analysis of the CaONPs showed inhibition of bacteria in the following order: P. aeruginosa (28 ± 1.0) > S. aureus (23 ± 0.3) > K. pneumoniae (18 ± 0.9) > P. vulgaris (13 ± 1.6) > E. coli (11 ± 0.5) mm. The CaONPs were shown to considerably inhibit biofilm formation, providing strong evidence for their major antibacterial activity. It is concluded that this straightforward environmentally friendly method is capable of synthesizing stable and effective CaONPs. The therapeutic value of CaONPs is indicated by their potential as a antibacterial and antibiofilm agents in future medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mervt M Almostafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nancy S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt
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Box–Behnken Design Based Development of UV-Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Tablet Formulations. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive UV-reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ascorbic acid in tablet formulations. The method was based on the separation of ascorbic acid using a mobile phase of an acetonitrile-NaH2PO4-H3PO4 buffer solution (pH = 3) (5:95 v/v) with a UV detection wavelength of 245 nm and a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 at ambient column temperature. The variables of the proposed method, such as acetonitrile fraction (%), flow rate (mL min−1) and column temperature (°C), were optimized on the peak area by response surface methodology via the Box–Behnken design. The mobile phase was passed isocratically, and the separation of ascorbic acid was performed at the retention time of 4.1 min. A calibration graph was obtained and found to be linear in the concentration range of 10–180 µg mL−1. The method suitability was assessed and an asymmetry factor of 1.15 was obtained. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in tablet formulations and statistically compared with the results of the reference method. The performance of the proposed method was excellent and in agreement with the reference method. The recovery percentage of the proposed and reference methods was in the range of 99.98–100.04% and showed compliance (100 ± 2%) with regulatory guidelines.
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Marganovici M, Maranescu B, Visa A, Lupa L, Hulka I, Chiriac V, Ilia G. Hybrid Coordination Networks for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012611. [PMID: 36293470 PMCID: PMC9603900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption properties of two coordination polymers, resulting from the reaction of divalent metal (Ca2+ or Co2+) salts with (2-carboxyethyl)(phenyl)phosphinic acid, are presented in this paper. The structural and textural characterization before and after adsorption experiments is presented. The adsorbent materials were prepared using the hydrothermal procedure. The compound Ca[O2P(CH2CH2COOH)(C6H5)]2 (CaCEPPA) has a layered topology, with the phenyl groups oriented into the interlayer space and crystallizes in the monoclinic system. Compound Co2[(O2P(CH2CH2COO)(C6H5)(H2O)]2·2H2O (CoCEPPA) has a 1D structure composed of zig-zag chains. The adsorption performances of CaCEPPA and CoCEPPA materials were tested in the removal of cadmium and lead from aqueous solutions. The optimum pH of ions adsorption was found to be five for both adsorbent materials. Pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models were used for fitting kinetic experimental data, and Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used for modeling the equilibrium experimental data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption of Cd and Pb ions onto the studied materials, judging from the results of the error function (correlation coefficient, sum of square error, chi-square test, and average relative error) analysis. The studied materials present a higher affinity for Cd ions compared with the adsorption capacity developed for the removal of Pb ions from aqueous solutions. CoCEPPA showed the highest adsorption performance in the removal process of metal ions from aqueous solutions compared with CaCEPPA (qm = 54.9 mg Cd2+/g of CoCEPPA, qm = 36.5 mg Cd2+/g of CaCEPPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Marganovici
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bianca Maranescu
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (G.I.)
| | - Aurelia Visa
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bvd., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Lupa
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, 6 Vasile Parvan Blv., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iosif Hulka
- Research Institute for Renewable Energy, Politehnica University of Timişoara, G. Muzicescu 138, 300501 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Chiriac
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Ilia
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University Timisoara, 16 Pestalozzi Street, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 24 Mihai Viteazul Bvd., 300223 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (G.I.)
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