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Tan EW, Abdullah ADI, Ming LC, Poh CL, Goh BH, Lau TP, Tan KO. Adenovirus-mediated expression of MOAP-1, Bax and RASSF1A antagonizes chemo-drug resistance of human breast cancer cells expressing cancer stem cell markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116744. [PMID: 38810399 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major leading causes of mortality globally and chemo-drug-resistant cancers pose significant challenges to cancer treatment by reducing patient survival rates and increasing treatment costs. Although the mechanisms of chemoresistance vary among different types of cancer, cancer cells are known to share several hallmarks, such as their resistance to apoptosis as well as the ability of cancer stem cells to produce metastatic daughter cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. To address the issue of chemo-drug resistance in cancer cells, a tetracistronic expression construct, Ad-MBR-GFP, encoding adenovirus-mediated expression of MOAP-1, Bax, RASSSF1A, and GFP, was generated to investigate its potential activity in reducing or inhibiting the chemo-drug resistant activity of the human breast cancer cells, MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231. When infected by Ad-MBR-GFP, the cancer cells exhibited round cell morphology and nuclei condensation with positive staining for annexin-V. Furthermore, our results showed that both MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 cells stained positively for CD 44 and negatively for CD 24 (CD44+/CD24-) with high levels of endogenous ALDH activity whereas SNU-1581 breast cancer cells were identified as CD 44-/CD 24- cells with relatively low levels of endogenous ALDH activity and high sensitivity toward chemo-drugs, suggesting that both CD 44 and ALDH activity contribute to chemo-drug resistance. Moreover, both MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 cells showed strong chemo-drug sensitivity to cisplatin when the cells were infected by Ad-MBR-GFP, leading to 9-fold and 2-fold reduction in the IC 50 values when compared to cisplatin treatment alone, respectively. The data were further supported by 3D (soft agar) and spheroid cell models of MCF-7-CR and MDA-MB-231 cells which showed a 2-fold reduction of a number of cell colonies and spheroid size when treated with both Ad-MBR-GFP and cisplatin, and compared to control. Other than chemo-sensitivity, Ad-MBR-GFP-infected cancer cells retarded cell migration. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the mechanism of action of Ad-MBR-GFP involved cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. Taken together, our investigation showed that Ad-MBR-GFP mediated chemo-drug sensitization in the infected cancer cells involved the activation of apoptosis signaling, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of DNA synthesis, suggesting that Ad-MBR-GFP is potentially efficacious for the treatment of chemo-drug resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Wern Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia; Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Tze Pheng Lau
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia.
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Tan EW, Simon SE, Numan A, Khalid M, Tan KO. Impact of UV radiation on Mxene-mediated tubulin dissociation and mitochondrial apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113793. [PMID: 38364521 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a global health concern that requires personalized therapies to prevent relapses, as conventional treatments may develop resistance over time. Photothermal therapy using spectral radiation or intense light emission is a broad-spectrum treatment that induces hyperthermia-mediated cancer cell death. MXene, a two-dimensional material, has been reported to have potential biological applications in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic activity of MXene and UV-irradiated MXene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by treating them with varying concentrations of MXene. The cytotoxicity of MXene and UV was evaluated by analyzing cellular morphology, nuclei condensation, caspase activation, and apoptotic cell death. We also assessed the effect of the combined treatment on the expression and cellular distribution of Tubulin, a key component of microtubules required for cell division. At low concentrations of MXene (up to 100 µg/ml), the level of cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells was low. However, the combined treatment of MXene and UV resulted in a synergistic increase in cytotoxicity, causing rounded cellular morphology, condensed nuclei, caspase activation, and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the treatment reduced Tubulin protein expression and cellular distribution, indicating a potent inducer of cell death with potential application for cancer treatment. The study demonstrates that the combined treatment of MXene and UVB irradiation is a promising strategy for inducing apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Wern Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Samson Eugin Simon
- Department of Hemotology & Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arshid Numan
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500 , Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology (SCEEST), Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500 , Malaysia; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401 India.
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
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Engineered Oncolytic Adenoviruses: An Emerging Approach for Cancer Therapy. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101146. [PMID: 36297203 PMCID: PMC9608483 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the major leading causes of mortality globally, and chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective cancer therapies. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is invariably accompanied by dose-dependent cytotoxic side effects. Recently, genetically engineered adenoviruses emerged as an alternative gene therapy approach targeting cancers. This review focuses on the characteristics of genetically modified adenovirus and oncology clinical studies using adenovirus-mediated gene therapy strategies. In addition, modulation of the tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment as well as the immunological responses associated with adenovirus-mediate cancer therapy are discussed.
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