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Giusti V, Miserocchi G, Sbanchi G, Pannella M, Hattinger CM, Cesari M, Fantoni L, Guerrieri AN, Bellotti C, De Vita A, Spadazzi C, Donati DM, Torsello M, Lucarelli E, Ibrahim T, Mercatali L. Xenografting Human Musculoskeletal Sarcomas in Mice, Chick Embryo, and Zebrafish: How to Boost Translational Research. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1921. [PMID: 39200384 PMCID: PMC11352184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal sarcomas pose major challenges to researchers and clinicians due to their rarity and heterogeneity. Xenografting human cells or tumor fragments in rodents is a mainstay for the generation of cancer models and for the preclinical trial of novel drugs. Lately, though, technical, intrinsic and ethical concerns together with stricter regulations have significantly curbed the employment of murine patient-derived xenografts (mPDX). In alternatives to murine PDXs, researchers have focused on embryonal systems such as chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and zebrafish embryos. These systems are time- and cost-effective hosts for tumor fragments and near-patient cells. The CAM of the chick embryo represents a unique vascularized environment to host xenografts with high engraftment rates, allowing for ease of visualization and molecular detection of metastatic cells. Thanks to the transparency of the larvae, zebrafish allow for the tracking of tumor development and metastatization, enabling high-throughput drug screening. This review will focus on xenograft models of musculoskeletal sarcomas to highlight the intrinsic and technically distinctive features of the different hosts, and how they can be exploited to elucidate biological mechanisms beneath the different phases of the tumor's natural history and in drug development. Ultimately, the review suggests the combination of different models as an advantageous approach to boost basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Giusti
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Giulia Sbanchi
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Micaela Pannella
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudia Maria Hattinger
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Marilena Cesari
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Leonardo Fantoni
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ania Naila Guerrieri
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Bellotti
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Preclinic and Osteoncology Unit, Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- Orthopaedic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Monica Torsello
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Innovative Therapies Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.G.); (G.S.); (M.P.); (C.M.H.); (M.C.); (L.F.); (A.N.G.); (C.B.); (T.I.); (L.M.)
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Song P, Han R, Yang F. Super enhancer lncRNAs: a novel hallmark in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:207. [PMID: 38566153 PMCID: PMC10986047 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Super enhancers (SEs) consist of clusters of enhancers, harboring an unusually high density of transcription factors, mediator coactivators and epigenetic modifications. SEs play a crucial role in the maintenance of cancer cell identity and promoting oncogenic transcription. Super enhancer lncRNAs (SE-lncRNAs) refer to either transcript from SEs locus or interact with SEs, whose transcriptional activity is highly dependent on SEs. Moreover, these SE-lncRNAs can interact with their associated enhancer regions in cis and modulate the expression of oncogenes or key signal pathways in cancers. Inhibition of SEs would be a promising therapy for cancer. In this review, we summarize the research of SE-lncRNAs in different kinds of cancers so far and decode the mechanism of SE-lncRNAs in carcinogenesis to provide novel ideas for the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Rongyan Han
- Department of emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Asante Y, Benischke K, Osman I, Ngo QA, Wurth J, Laubscher D, Kim H, Udhayakumar B, Khan MIH, Chin DH, Porch J, Chakraborty M, Sallari R, Delattre O, Zaidi S, Morice S, Surdez D, Danielli SG, Schäfer BW, Gryder BE, Wachtel M. PAX3-FOXO1 uses its activation domain to recruit CBP/P300 and shape RNA Pol2 cluster distribution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8361. [PMID: 38102136 PMCID: PMC10724205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of oncogenic gene expression from long-range enhancers is initiated by the assembly of DNA-binding transcription factors (TF), leading to recruitment of co-activators such as CBP/p300 to modify the local genomic context and facilitate RNA-Polymerase 2 (Pol2) binding. Yet, most TF-to-coactivator recruitment relationships remain unmapped. Here, studying the oncogenic fusion TF PAX3-FOXO1 (P3F) from alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS), we show that a single cysteine in the activation domain (AD) of P3F is important for a small alpha helical coil that recruits CBP/p300 to chromatin. P3F driven transcription requires both this single cysteine and CBP/p300. Mutants of the cysteine reduce aRMS cell proliferation and induce cellular differentiation. Furthermore, we discover a profound dependence on CBP/p300 for clustering of Pol2 loops that connect P3F to its target genes. In the absence of CBP/p300, Pol2 long range enhancer loops collapse, Pol2 accumulates in CpG islands and fails to exit the gene body. These results reveal a potential novel axis for therapeutic interference with P3F in aRMS and clarify the molecular relationship of P3F and CBP/p300 in sustaining active Pol2 clusters essential for oncogenic transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Asante
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katharina Benischke
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Issra Osman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Quy A Ngo
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Wurth
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Laubscher
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Md Imdadul H Khan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Diana H Chin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jadon Porch
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Morice
- Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Surdez
- Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara G Danielli
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat W Schäfer
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Berkley E Gryder
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Marco Wachtel
- University Children's Hospital, Children's Research Center and Department of Oncology, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
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