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Malik JA, Affan Khan M, Lamba T, Adeel Zafar M, Nanda S, Owais M, Agrewala JN. Immunosuppressive effects of morphine on macrophage polarization and function. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176637. [PMID: 38729416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in safeguarding against a broad spectrum of infections, from viral, bacterial, fungal to parasitic threats and contributing to the immune defense against cancer. While morphine's immunosuppressive effects on immune cells are extensively documented, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding its influence on macrophage polarization and differentiation. Hence, we conducted a study that unveils that prior exposure to morphine significantly impedes the differentiation of bone marrow cells into macrophages. Furthermore, the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype under M1-inducing conditions experiences substantial impairment, as evidenced by the diminished expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, iNOS, and MHCII. This correlates with reduced expression of M1 phenotypical markers such as iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-6, accompanied by noticeable morphological, size, and phagocytic alterations. Further, we also observed that morphine affected M2 macrophages. These findings emphasize the necessity for a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of morphine on compromising macrophage function and its potential ramifications for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Mohammad Affan Khan
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Taruna Lamba
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Mohammad Adeel Zafar
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Sidhanta Nanda
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, India.
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Duc Nguyen H, Ardeshir A, Fonseca VA, Kim WK. Cluster of differentiation molecules in the metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119819. [PMID: 38901629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a significant public health concern due to its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other serious health conditions. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to MetS pathogenesis remain elusive. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms linking MetS and cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, which play critical roles in immune regulation and cellular signaling. Through an extensive literature review with a systematic approach, we examine the involvement of various CD markers in MetS development and progression, including their roles in adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting CD markers for the management of MetS. By synthesizing current evidence, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between immune dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction in MetS, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Department Endocrinology Metabolism & Diabetes, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Soares-Cardoso C, Leal S, Sá SI, Dantas-Barros R, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Faria J, Barbosa J. Unraveling the Hippocampal Molecular and Cellular Alterations behind Tramadol and Tapentadol Neurobehavioral Toxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:796. [PMID: 38931463 PMCID: PMC11206790 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tramadol and tapentadol are chemically related opioids prescribed for the analgesia of moderate to severe pain. Although safer than classical opioids, they are associated with neurotoxicity and behavioral dysfunction, which arise as a concern, considering their central action and growing misuse and abuse. The hippocampal formation is known to participate in memory and learning processes and has been documented to contribute to opioid dependence. Accordingly, the present study assessed molecular and cellular alterations in the hippocampal formation of Wistar rats intraperitoneally administered with 50 mg/kg tramadol or tapentadol for eight alternate days. Alterations were found in serum hydrogen peroxide, cysteine, homocysteine, and dopamine concentrations upon exposure to one or both opioids, as well as in hippocampal 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and gene expression levels of a panel of neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and neuromodulation biomarkers, assessed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampal formation sections showed increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b) protein expression, suggesting opioid-induced astrogliosis and microgliosis. Collectively, the results emphasize the hippocampal neuromodulator effects of tramadol and tapentadol, with potential behavioral implications, underlining the need to prescribe and use both opioids cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Soares-Cardoso
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Susana I. Sá
- RISE-HEALTH, Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita Dantas-Barros
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FOREN-Forensic Science Experts, Av. Dr. Mário Moutinho 33-A, 1400-136 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Juliana Faria
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (C.S.-C.); (S.L.); (R.D.-B.); or (R.J.D.-O.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Khomula EV, Levine JD. Morphine acts in vitro to directly prime nociceptors. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241260348. [PMID: 38828868 PMCID: PMC11149440 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241260348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperalgesic priming is a preclinical model of the transition from acute to chronic pain characterized by a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for and marked prolongation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, in vivo. In vitro, priming in nociceptors is characterized by a leftward shift in the concentration dependence for PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization. In the present in vitro study we tested the hypothesis that a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist opioid analgesic, morphine, can produce priming by its direct action on nociceptors. We report that treatment of nociceptors with morphine, in vitro, produces a leftward shift in the concentration dependence for PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization. Our findings support the suggestion that opioids act directly on nociceptors to induce priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen V. Khomula
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, and UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Anderson G. Melatonin, BAG-1 and cortisol circadian interactions in tumor pathogenesis and patterned immune responses. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:962-993. [PMID: 37970210 PMCID: PMC10645470 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated circadian rhythm is significantly associated with cancer risk, as is aging. Both aging and circadian dysregulation show suppressed pineal melatonin, which is indicated in many studies to be linked to cancer risk and progression. Another independently investigated aspect of the circadian rhythm is the cortisol awakening response (CAR), which is linked to stress-associated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. CAR and HPA axis activity are primarily mediated via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which drives patterned gene expression via binding to the promotors of glucocorticoid response element (GRE)-expressing genes. Recent data shows that the GR can be prevented from nuclear translocation by the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene 1 (BAG-1), which translocates the GR to mitochondria, where it can have diverse effects. Melatonin also suppresses GR nuclear translocation by maintaining the GR in a complex with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Melatonin, directly and/or epigenetically, can upregulate BAG-1, suggesting that the dramatic 10-fold decrease in pineal melatonin from adolescence to the ninth decade of life will attenuate the capacity of night-time melatonin to modulate the effects of the early morning CAR. The interactions of pineal melatonin/BAG-1/Hsp90 with the CAR are proposed to underpin how aging and circadian dysregulation are associated with cancer risk. This may be mediated via differential effects of melatonin/BAG-1/Hsp90/GR in different cells of microenvironments across the body, from which tumors emerge. This provides a model of cancer pathogenesis that better integrates previously disparate bodies of data, including how immune cells are regulated by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, at least partly via the cancer cell regulation of the tryptophan-melatonin pathway. This has a number of future research and treatment implications.
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Gil-Edo R, Royo S, Carda M, Falomir E. Unveiling the Potential of BenzylethyleneAryl-Urea Scaffolds for the Design of New Onco Immunomodulating Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:808. [PMID: 37375756 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the development of thirteen benzylethylenearyl ureas and one carbamate. After the synthesis and purification of the compounds, we studied their antiproliferative action on cell lines, such as HEK-293, and cancer ones, such as HT-29, MCF-7 or A-549, on the immune Jurkat T-cells and endothelial cells HMEC-1. Compounds C.1, C.3, C.12 and C.14 were selected for further biological studies to establish their potential as immunomodulating agents. Some of the derivatives exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both targets: PD-L1 and VEGFR-2 in the HT-29 cell line, showing that urea C.12 is active against both targets. Some compounds could inhibit more than 50% of cancer cell proliferation compared to non-treated ones when assessed in co-cultures using HT-29 and THP-1 cells. In addition, they significantly reduced CD11b expression, which is a promising target for immune modulation in anticancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gil-Edo
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Santiago Royo
- Institute of Agronomic Engineering for Development, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eva Falomir
- Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Department, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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