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Li M, Luo A, Xu W, Wang H, Qiu Y, Xiao Z, Cui K. A Visual Raman Nano-Delivery System Based on Thiophene Polymer for Microtumor Detection. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:655. [PMID: 38794317 PMCID: PMC11125006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A visual Raman nano-delivery system (NS) is a widely used technique for the visualization and diagnosis of tumors and various biological processes. Thiophene-based organic polymers exhibit excellent biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for development as a visual Raman NS. However, materials based on thiophene face limitations due to their absorption spectra not matching with NIR (near-infrared) excitation light, which makes it difficult to achieve enhanced Raman properties and also introduces potential fluorescence interference. In this study, we introduce a donor-acceptor (D-A)-structured thiophene-based polymer, PBDB-T. Due to the D-A molecular modulation, PBDB-T exhibits a narrow bandgap of Eg = 2.63 eV and a red-shifted absorption spectrum, with the absorption edge extending into the NIR region. Upon optimal excitation with 785 nm light, it achieves ultra-strong pre-resonant Raman enhancement while avoiding fluorescence interference. As an intrinsically sensitive visual Raman NS for in vivo imaging, the PBDB-T NS enables the diagnosis of microtumor regions with dimensions of 0.5 mm × 0.9 mm, and also successfully diagnoses deeper tumor tissues, with an in vivo circulation half-life of 14.5 h. This research unveils the potential application of PBDB-T as a NIR excited visual Raman NS for microtumor diagnosis, introducing a new platform for the advancement of "Visualized Drug Delivery Systems". Moreover, the aforementioned platform enables the development of a more diverse range of targeted visual drug delivery methods, which can be tailored to specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China; (M.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Haoze Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China; (M.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China; (M.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
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Haque A, Alenezi KM, Alsukaibi AKD, Al-Otaibi AA, Wong WY. Water-Soluble Small Organic Fluorophores for Oncological Theragnostic Applications: Progress and Development. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:14. [PMID: 38671325 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major noncommunicable diseases, responsible for millions of deaths every year worldwide. Though various cancer detection and treatment modalities are available today, many deaths occur owing to its late-stage detection and metastatic nature. Noninvasive detection using luminescence-based imaging tools is considered one of the promising techniques owing to its low cost, high sensitivity, and brightness. Moreover, these tools are unique and valuable as they can detect even the slightest changes in the cellular microenvironment. To achieve this, a fluorescent probe with strong tumor uptake and high spatial and temporal resolution, especially with high water solubility, is highly demanded. Recently, several water-soluble molecules with emission windows in the visible (400-700 nm), first near-infrared (NIR-I, 700-1000 nm), and second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) windows have been reported in literature. This review highlights recently reported water-soluble small organic fluorophores/dyes with applications in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. We systematically highlight and describe the key concepts, structural classes of fluorophores, strategies for imparting water solubility, and applications in cancer therapy and diagnosis, i.e., theragnostics. We discuss examples of water-soluble fluorescent probes based on coumarin, xanthene, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY), and cyanine cores. Some other emerging classes of dyes based on carbocyclic and heterocyclic cores are also discussed. Besides, emerging molecular engineering methods to obtain such fluorophores are discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this research area are also delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Khalaf Dhahi Alsukaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, 81451, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Ha'il, 55473, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Ma X, Zhang B, Yang D, Bai R, Gao Y, Sun H, Tang Y, Shi L. Design and Screening of Fluorescent Probes Based upon Hemicyanine Dyes for Monitoring Mitochondrial Viscosity in Living Cells. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3910-3918. [PMID: 38607690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Viscosity, at the subcellular level, plays a crucial role as a physicochemical factor affecting microenvironment homeostasis. Abnormal changes in mitochondrial viscosity often lead to various diseases in the organism. Based on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism, four hemicyanine dye fluorescent probes (HT-SA, HT-SA-S, HT-Bzh, and HT-NA) were designed and synthesized for viscosity response. The single bond between the nitrogen-containing heterocycle and the carbon-carbon double in the structure of the probe bond served as the viscosity response site. Finally, the probe HT-Bzh was screened as the optimal mitochondrial viscosity probe according to its responsiveness, targeting, and interference resistance. The fluorescence intensity of the probe HT-Bzh increased 22-fold when the viscosity was increased from 13.75 to 811.2 cP. In summary, all four viscosity probes we have developed can be used in different applications depending on the external environment, providing a valuable reference for the design of potential tools to address viscosity monitoring in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Buyue Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruiyang Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yuexing Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yalin Tang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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Metangle S, Ranjan N. Preferential Binding of a Red Emissive Julolidine Derivative to a Promoter G-Quadruplex. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300527. [PMID: 37926689 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of G-quadruplexes has increased significantly with the growing understanding of their functional roles in pathogens apart from human diseases such as cancer. Here, we report the synthesis of three julolidine-based molecules and their binding to nucleic acids. Among the synthesized molecules, compound 1 exhibited red emissive fluorescence with a distinct preference for Pu22 G-quadruplex. The binding of compound 1 to Pu22 G-quadruplex, initially identified through a fluorescence-based screening, was further confirmed by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism-based experiments. Thermal denaturation of compound 1 in the presence of Pu22 G-quadruplex revealed a concentration-dependent stabilization (~10.0 °C at 1 : 3 stoichiometry). Fluorescence-based experiments revealed 1 : 1 stoichiometry of the interaction and an association constant (Ka ) of 5.67×106 M-1 . CD experiments displayed that the parallel conformation of the G-quadruplex was retained on compound 1's binding and signs of higher order binding/complex formation were observed at high compound 1 to DNA ratio. Molecular docking studies revealed the dominance of stacking and van der Waals interactions in the molecular recognition which was aided by some close-distance interactions involving the quinolinium nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Metangle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
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Groß P, Hoffmann RS, Müller M, Schönherr H, Ihmels H. Fluorimetric Cell Analysis with 9-Aryl-Substituted Berberine Derivatives as DNA-Targeting Fluorescent Probes. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300761. [PMID: 37934026 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA-sensitive fluorescent light-up probes based on berberine are presented. This biogenic fluorophore was chosen as central unit to use its potential biocompatibility and its DNA-binding properties. To provide predictable fluorescence quenching in aqueous solution and a fluorescence light-up effect upon DNA binding, aryl substituents were attached at the 9-position by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The 9-arylberberine derivatives have a very low fluorescence quantum yield (Φfl =<0.02), which is caused by the radiationless deactivation of the excited state by torsional relaxation about the biaryl axis. In addition, these berberine derivatives intercalate into DNA with high affinity (Kb =2.0-22×104 M-1 ). Except for the nitrophenyl- and hydroxyphenyl-substituted derivatives, all tested compounds exhibited a pronounced fluorescence light-up effect upon association with DNA, because the deactivation of the excited-state by torsional relaxation is suppressed in the DNA binding site. Most notably, it was shown exemplarily with the 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)- and the 9-(6-methoxynaphthyl)-substituted derivatives that these properties are suited for fluorimetric cell analysis. In particular, these probes generated distinct staining patterns in eukaryotic cells (NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts), which enabled the identification of nuclear substructures, most likely heterochromatin or nucleoli, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Groß
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Renée S Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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Harun-Or-Rashid M, Aktar MN, Hossain MS, Sarkar N, Islam MR, Arafat ME, Bhowmik S, Yusa SI. Recent Advances in Micro- and Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Based on Natural and Synthetic Biomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4563. [PMID: 38231996 PMCID: PMC10708661 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric drug delivery technology, which allows for medicinal ingredients to enter a cell more easily, has advanced considerably in recent decades. Innovative medication delivery strategies use biodegradable and bio-reducible polymers, and progress in the field has been accelerated by future possible research applications. Natural polymers utilized in polymeric drug delivery systems include arginine, chitosan, dextrin, polysaccharides, poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and hyaluronic acid. Additionally, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(ethylenimine), dendritic polymers, biodegradable polymers, and bioabsorbable polymers as well as biomimetic and bio-related polymeric systems and drug-free macromolecular therapies have been employed in polymeric drug delivery. Different synthetic and natural biomaterials are in the clinical phase to mitigate different diseases. Drug delivery methods using natural and synthetic polymers are becoming increasingly common in the pharmaceutical industry, with biocompatible and bio-related copolymers and dendrimers having helped cure cancer as drug delivery systems. This review discusses all the above components and how, by combining synthetic and biological approaches, micro- and nano-drug delivery systems can result in revolutionary polymeric drug and gene delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Most. Nazmin Aktar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Md. Sabbir Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Nadia Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Md. Easin Arafat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.S.H.); (N.S.); (M.R.I.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Shukanta Bhowmik
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji 671-2280, Hyogo, Japan; (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.N.A.); (S.B.)
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Shekhovtsov NA, Vorob'eva S, Nikolaenkova EB, Ryadun AA, Krivopalov VP, Gourlaouen C, Bushuev MB. Complexes on the Base of a Proton Transfer Capable Pyrimidine Derivative: How Protonation and Deprotonation Switch Emission Mechanisms. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16734-16751. [PMID: 37781777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A rare example of pyrimidine-based ESIPT-capable compounds, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine (HLH), was synthesized (ESIPT─excited state intramolecular proton transfer). Its reactions with zinc(II) salts under basic or acidic conditions afforded a dinuclear [Zn2LH2Cl2] complex and an ionic (H2LH)4[ZnCl4]2·3H2O solid. Another ionic solid, (H2LH)Br, was obtained from the solution of HLH acidified with HBr. In both ionic solids, the H+ ion protonates the same pyrimidinic N atom that accepts the O-H···N intramolecular hydrogen bond in the structure of free HLH, which breaks this hydrogen bond and switches off ESIPT in these compounds. This series of compounds which includes neutral HLH molecules and ionic (LH)- and (H2LH)+ species allowed us to elucidate the impact of protonation and coordination coupled deprotonation of HLH on the photoluminescence response and on altering the emission mechanism. The neutral HLH compound exhibits yellow emission as a result of the coexistence of two radiative decay channels: (i) T1 → S0 phosphorescence of the enol form and (ii) anti-Kasha S2 → S0 fluorescence of the keto form, which if feasible due to the large S2-S1 energy gap. However, owing to the efficient nonradiative decay through an energetically favorable conical intersection, the photoluminescence quantum yield of HLH is low. Protonation or deprotonation of the HLH ligand results in the significant blue-shift of the emission bands by more than 100 nm and boosts the quantum efficiency up to ca. 20% in the case of [Zn2LH2Cl2] and (H2LH)4[ZnCl4]2·3H2O. Despite both (H2LH)4[ZnCl4]2·3H2O and (H2LH)Br have the same (H2LH)+ cation in the structures, their emission properties differ significantly, whereas (H2LH)Br shows dual emission associated with two radiative decay channels: (i) S1 → S0 fluorescence and (ii) T1 → S0 phosphorescence, (H2LH)4[ZnCl4]2·3H2O exhibits only fluorescence. This difference in the emission properties can be associated with the external heavy atom effect in (H2LH)Br, which leads to faster intersystem crossing in this compound. Finally, a huge increase in the intensity of the phosphorescence of (H2LH)Br on cooling leads to pronounced luminescence thermochromism (violet emission at 300 K, sky-blue emission at 77 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Shekhovtsov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sofia Vorob'eva
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena B Nikolaenkova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Viktor P Krivopalov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 9, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg Cedex 67070, France
| | - Mark B Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Georgiev NI, Bakov VV, Bojinov VB. A Tutorial Review on the Fluorescent Probes as a Molecular Logic Circuit-Digital Comparator. Molecules 2023; 28:6327. [PMID: 37687156 PMCID: PMC10489932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress in the field of fluorescent probes and fluorescent sensing material extended this research area toward more complex molecular logic gates capable of carrying out a variety of sensing functions simultaneously. These molecules are able to calculate a composite result in which the analysis is not performed by a man but by the molecular device itself. Since the first report by de Silva of AND molecular logic gate, all possible logic gates have been achieved at the molecular level, and currently, utilization of more complicated molecular logic circuits is a major task in this field. Comparison between two digits is the simplest logic operation, which could be realized with the simplest logic circuit. That is why the right understanding of the applied principles during the implementation of molecular digital comparators could play a critical role in obtaining logic circuits that are more complicated. Herein, all possible ways for the construction of comparators on the molecular level were discussed, and recent achievements connected with these devices were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I. Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ventsislav V. Bakov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Vladimir B. Bojinov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Bryaskova R, Georgiev N, Philipova N, Bakov V, Anichina K, Argirova M, Apostolova S, Georgieva I, Tzoneva R. Novel Fluorescent Benzimidazole-Hydrazone-Loaded Micellar Carriers for Controlled Release: Impact on Cell Toxicity, Nuclear and Microtubule Alterations in Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1753. [PMID: 37376201 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent micellar carriers with controlled release of a novel anticancer drug were developed to enable intracellular imaging and cancer treatment simultaneously. The nanosized fluorescent micellar systems were embedded with a novel anticancer drug via the self-assembling behavior of well-defined block copolymers based on amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PAA-b-PnBA) copolymer obtained by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and hydrophobic anticancer benzimidazole-hydrazone drug (BzH). Through this method, well-defined nanosized fluorescent micelles were obtained consisting of a hydrophilic PAA shell and a hydrophobic PnBA core embedded with the BzH drug due to the hydrophobic interactions, thus reaching very high encapsulation efficiency. The size, morphology, and fluorescent properties of blank and drug-loaded micelles were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescent spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, after 72 h of incubation, drug-loaded micelles released 3.25 μM of BzH, which was spectrophotometrically determined. The BzH drug-loaded micelles were found to exhibit enhanced antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells, with long-lasting effects on microtubule organization, with apoptotic alterations and preferential localization in the perinuclear space of cancer cells. In contrast, the antitumor effect of BzH alone or incorporated in micelles on non-cancerous cells MCF-10A was relatively weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna Bryaskova
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikoleta Philipova
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ventsislav Bakov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kameliya Anichina
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Argirova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sonia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Tzoneva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Mohammed MS, Kovalev IS, Slovesnova NV, Sadieva LK, Platonov VA, Novikov AS, Santra S, Morozova JE, Zyryanov GV, Charushin VN, Ranu BC. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Based Aza-POPOPs: Synthesis, Photophysical Studies, and Nitroanalyte Sensing Abilities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10084. [PMID: 37373234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
1,4-Bis(5-phenyl-2-oxazolyl)benzene (POPOP) is a common scintillation fluorescent laser dye. In this manuscript, the synthesis of 2-Ar-5-(4-(4-Ar'-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (Ar, Ar' = Ph, naphtalenyl-2, pyrenyl-1, triphenilenyl-2), as PAH-based aza-analogues of POPOP, by means of Cu-catalyzed click reaction between 2-(4-azidophenyl)-5-Ar-1,3,4-oxadiazole and terminal ethynyl-substituted PAHs is reported. An investigation of the photophysical properties of the obtained products was carried out, and their sensory response to nitroanalytes was evaluated. In the case of pyrenyl-1-substituted aza-POPOP, dramatic fluorescence quenching by nitroanalytes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Mohammed
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor S Kovalev
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Natalya V Slovesnova
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Ural Medical University, 3, Repina St., 620028 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leila K Sadieva
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Platonov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sougata Santra
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Julia E Morozova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Grigory V Zyryanov
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20, S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Brindaban C Ranu
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 19, Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Sakr AR, Georgiev NI, Bojinov VB. Design and Synthesis of a Novel ICT Bichromophoric pH Sensing System Based on 1,8-Naphthalimide Fluorophores as a Two-Input Logic Gate and Its Antibacterial Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083631. [PMID: 37110865 PMCID: PMC10145821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, sensor activity, and logic behavior of a novel 4-iminoamido-1,8-naphthalimide bichromophoric system based on a "fluorophore-receptor" architecture with ICT chemosensing properties is reported. The synthesized compound showed good colorimetric and fluorescence signaling properties as a function of pH and proved itself as a promising probe for the rapid detection of pH in an aqueous solution and base vapors in a solid state. The novel dyad is able to work as a two-input logic gate with chemical inputs H+ (Input 1) and HO- (Input 2) executing INHIBIT logic gate. The synthesized bichromophoric system and the corresponding intermediates demonstrated good antibacterial activity toward Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria when compared with the Gentamycin standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa R Sakr
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nikolai I Georgiev
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir B Bojinov
- Department of Organic Synthesis, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 8 Kliment Ohridsky Str., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1040 Sofia, Bulgaria
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