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Hawash M. Advances in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of CDK and EGFR Inhibitors. Cells 2024; 13:1656. [PMID: 39404419 PMCID: PMC11476325 DOI: 10.3390/cells13191656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases have essential responsibilities in controlling several cellular processes, and their abnormal regulation is strongly related to the development of cancer. The implementation of protein kinase inhibitors has significantly transformed cancer therapy by modifying treatment strategies. These inhibitors have received substantial FDA clearance in recent decades. Protein kinases have emerged as primary objectives for therapeutic interventions, particularly in the context of cancer treatment. At present, 69 therapeutics have been approved by the FDA that target approximately 24 protein kinases, which are specifically prescribed for the treatment of neoplastic illnesses. These novel agents specifically inhibit certain protein kinases, such as receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, protein-serine/threonine kinases, dual-specificity kinases, nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, and receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of novel targets of kinase inhibitors, with a specific focus on cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The majority of the reviewed studies commenced with an assessment of cancer cell lines and concluded with a comprehensive biological evaluation of individual kinase targets. The reviewed articles provide detailed information on the structural features of potent anticancer agents and their specific activity, which refers to their ability to selectively inhibit cancer-promoting kinases including CDKs and EGFR. Additionally, the latest FDA-approved anticancer agents targeting these enzymes were highlighted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
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2
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Kabier M, Gambacorta N, Trisciuzzi D, Kumar S, Nicolotti O, Mathew B. MzDOCK: A free ready-to-use GUI-based pipeline for molecular docking simulations. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1980-1986. [PMID: 38703357 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Molecular docking is by far the most preferred approach in structure-based drug design for its effectiveness to predict the scoring and posing of a given bioactive small molecule into the binding site of its pharmacological target. Herein, we present MzDOCK, a new GUI-based pipeline for Windows operating system, designed with the intent of making molecular docking easier to use and higher reproducible even for inexperienced people. By harmonic integration of python and batch scripts, which employs various open source packages such as Smina (docking engine), OpenBabel (file conversion) and PLIP (analysis), MzDOCK includes many practical options such as: binding site configuration based on co-crystallized ligands; generation of enantiomers from SMILES input; application of different force fields (MMFF94, MMFF94s, UFF, GAFF, Ghemical) for energy minimization; retention of selectable ions and cofactors; sidechain flexibility of selectable binding site residues; multiple input file format (SMILES, PDB, SDF, Mol2, Mol); generation of reports and of pictures for interactive visualization. Users can download for free MzDOCK at the following link: https://github.com/Muzatheking12/MzDOCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammil Kabier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCSS Foundation-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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3
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Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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4
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Manhas R, Rathore A, Havelikar U, Mahajan S, Gandhi SG, Mahapa A. Uncovering the potentiality of quinazoline derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with antimicrobial synergy and SAR analysis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:365-381. [PMID: 38514856 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a covert global health crisis, posing a significant threat to humanity. If left unaddressed, it is poised to become the foremost cause of mortality worldwide. Among the multitude of resistant bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative, facultative bacterium, has been responsible for mild to deadly infections. It is now enlisted as a global critical priority pathogen by WHO. Urgent measures are required to combat this formidable pathogen, necessitating the development of novel anti-pseudomonal drugs. To confront this pressing issue, we conducted an extensive screening of 3561 compounds from the ChemDiv library, resulting in the discovery of potent anti-pseudomonal quinazoline derivatives. Among the identified compounds, IDD-8E has emerged as a lead molecule, exhibiting exceptional efficacy against P. aeruginosa while displaying no cytotoxicity. Moreover, IDD-8E demonstrated significant pseudomonal killing, disruption of pseudomonal biofilm and other anti-bacterial properties comparable to a well-known antibiotic rifampicin. Additionally, IDD-8E's synergy with different antibiotics further strengthens its potential as a powerful anti-pseudomonal agent. IDD-8E also exhibited significant antimicrobial efficacy against other ESKAPE pathogens. Moreover, we elucidated the Structure-Activity-Relationship (SAR) of IDD-8E targeting the essential WaaP protein in P. aeruginosa. Altogether, our findings emphasize the promise of IDD-8E as a clinical candidate for novel anti-pseudomonal drugs, offering hope in the battle against antibiotic resistance and its devastating impact on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit Manhas
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Arti Rathore
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ujwal Havelikar
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Shavi Mahajan
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Avisek Mahapa
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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5
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Soliman AM, Kodous AS, Al-Sherif DA, Ghorab MM. Quinazoline sulfonamide derivatives targeting MicroRNA-34a/MDM4/p53 apoptotic axis with radiosensitizing activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:929-948. [PMID: 38661115 PMCID: PMC11221547 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: New quinazoline benzenesulfonamide hybrids 4a-n were synthesized to determine their cytotoxicity and effect on the miR-34a/MDM4/p53 apoptotic pathway. Materials & methods: Cytotoxicity against hepatic, breast, lung and colon cancer cell lines was estimated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Compound 4d was the most potent against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells, with potential apoptotic activity verified by a significant upregulation of miR-34a and p53 gene expressions. The apoptotic effect of 4d was further investigated and showed downregulation of miR-21, VEGF, STAT3 and MDM4 gene expression. Conclusion: The anticancer and apoptotic activities of 4d were enhanced post irradiation by a single dose of 8 Gy γ-radiation. Docking analysis demonstrated a valuable affinity of 4d toward VEGFR2 and MDM4 active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiten M Soliman
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Diana A Al-Sherif
- Technology of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 6th of October University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt
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6
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Radwan AA, Alanazi F, Al-Dhfyan A. Bioinformatics-driven discovery of novel EGFR kinase inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: In silico screening and in vitro evaluation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298326. [PMID: 38625872 PMCID: PMC11020408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR inhibitors are widely used as first line therapy for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients harboring EGFR mutation. However, the acquisition of a second-site mutation (T790 M) limited the efficacy and developed resistance. Therefore, discovery and development of specific drug target for this mutation is of urgent needs. In our study we used the ChemDiv diversity database for receptor-based virtual screening to secure EGFR-TK inhibitors chemotherapeutics. We identified four compounds that bind to the ATP-binding region of the EGFR-TK using AutoDock 4.0 and AutoDock Vina1.1.2 and post-docking investigations. The ligand showed hydrophobic interactions to the hydrophobic region of the binding site and engaged in hydrogen bonding with Met793. The ligands also explored π-cation interactions between the π-system of the ligand-phenyl ring and the positive amino group of Lys745. Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area MM/PBSA per-residue energy decomposition analyses revealed that Val726, Leu792, Met793, Gly796, Cys797, Leu798, and Thr844 contributed the most to the binding energy. Biological evaluation of the retrieved hit compounds showed suppressing activity against EGFR auto phosphorylation and selective apoptosis-induced effects toward lung cancer cells harboring the EGFR L858R/T790M double mutation. Our work anticipated into novel and specific EGFR-TKIs and identified new compounds with therapeutic potential against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awwad A. Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kayyli Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department King Faisal Specialized Hospital and Research Center, Cell Therapy & Immunobiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kayyli Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Dhfyan
- Department King Faisal Specialized Hospital and Research Center, Cell Therapy & Immunobiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Șandor A, Fizeșan I, Ionuț I, Marc G, Moldovan C, Oniga I, Pîrnău A, Vlase L, Petru AE, Macasoi I, Oniga O. Discovery of A Novel Series of Quinazoline-Thiazole Hybrids as Potential Antiproliferative and Anti-Angiogenic Agents. Biomolecules 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38397456 PMCID: PMC10886515 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the pivotal role of angiogenesis in solid tumor progression, we developed a novel series of quinazoline-thiazole hybrids (SA01-SA07) as antiproliferative and anti-angiogenic agents. Four out of the seven compounds displayed superior antiproliferative activity (IC50 =1.83-4.24 µM) on HepG2 cells compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 6.28 µM). The affinity towards the VEGFR2 kinase domain was assessed through in silico prediction by molecular docking, molecular dynamics studies, and MM-PBSA. The series displayed a high degree of similarity to sorafenib regarding the binding pose within the active site of VEGFR2, with a different orientation of the 4-substituted-thiazole moieties in the allosteric pocket. Molecular dynamics and MM-PBSA evaluations identified SA05 as the hybrid forming the most stable complex with VEGFR2 compared to sorafenib. The impact of the compounds on vascular cell proliferation was assessed on EA.hy926 cells. Six compounds (SA01-SA05, SA07) displayed superior anti-proliferative activity (IC50 = 0.79-5.85 µM) compared to sorafenib (IC50 = 6.62 µM). The toxicity was evaluated on BJ cells. Further studies of the anti-angiogenic effect of the most promising compounds, SA04 and SA05, through the assessment of impact on EA.hy296 motility using a wound healing assay and in ovo potential in a CAM assay compared to sorafenib, led to the confirmation of the anti-angiogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Șandor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Ionuț
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Cristina Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Pîrnău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea-Elena Petru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes, Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.Ș.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (C.M.); (O.O.)
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8
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Nao SC, Kong L, Chan DSH, Liu J, Huang LS, Wu L, Wu J, Wong CY, Wang W, Leung CH. Covalent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor using a long-lived iridium(III)-afatinib probe. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129211. [PMID: 38184034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The overexpression and overactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are frequently observed in human cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this study, a covalent EGFR probe was developed by conjugating afatinib to an iridium(III) scaffold. Complex 1 showed enhanced luminescence in living epidermoid squamous carcinoma A431 cells compared to other cell lines, via engaging EGFR as confirmed via CETSA and knockdown experiments. Moreover, complex 1 inhibited downstream targets of EGFR in cellulo with repression persisting after removal of the complex, indicating an irreversible mode of inhibition. Finally, complex 1 showed potent antiproliferative activity against A431 cells with comparable potency to afatinib alone. To our knowledge, complex 1 is the first EGFR covalent inhibitor based on an iridium scaffold reported in the literature, with the potential to be further explored as a theranostic agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Cuo Nao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lingtan Kong
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Daniel Shiu-Hin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Le-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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Santorsola M, Capuozzo M, Nasti G, Sabbatino F, Di Mauro A, Di Mauro G, Vanni G, Maiolino P, Correra M, Granata V, Gualillo O, Berretta M, Ottaiano A. Exploring the Spectrum of VEGF Inhibitors' Toxicities from Systemic to Intra-Vitreal Usage in Medical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:350. [PMID: 38254839 PMCID: PMC10813960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor inhibitors (VEGFi) has become prevalent in the field of medicine, given the high incidence of various pathological conditions necessitating VEGF inhibition within the general population. These conditions encompass a range of advanced neoplasms, such as colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cancer, ovarian cancer, and others, along with ocular diseases. The utilization of VEGFi is not without potential risks and adverse effects, requiring healthcare providers to be well-prepared for identification and management. VEGFi can be broadly categorized into two groups: antibodies or chimeric proteins that specifically target VEGF (bevacizumab, ramucirumab, aflibercept, ranibizumab, and brolucizumab) and non-selective and selective small molecules (sunitinib, sorafenib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, etc.) designed to impede intracellular signaling of the VEGF receptor (RTKi, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors). The presentation and mechanisms of adverse effects resulting from VEGFi depend primarily on this distinction and the route of drug administration (systemic or intra-vitreal). This review provides a thorough examination of the causes, recognition, management, and preventive strategies for VEGFi toxicities with the goal of offering support to oncologists in both clinical practice and the design of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | | | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Annabella Di Mauro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Giordana Di Mauro
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Vanni
- Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Piera Maiolino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Marco Correra
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), NEIRID Laboratory (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS “G. Pascale”, via M. Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.N.); (A.D.M.); (P.M.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
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Farhan M. Insights on the Role of Polyphenols in Combating Cancer Drug Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1709. [PMID: 37371804 PMCID: PMC10296548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is still a serious problem in the treatment of most cancers. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms contribute to both inherent and acquired drug resistance. They include the use of unaffected growth-signaling pathways, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and the active transport of medicines out of the cell. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols and their potential to inhibit the activation of procarcinogens, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, as well as to promote the inhibition or downregulation of active drug efflux transporters, have been linked to a reduced risk of cancer in epidemiological studies. Polyphenols also have the ability to alter immunological responses and inflammatory cascades, as well as trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. The discovery of the relationship between abnormal growth signaling and metabolic dysfunction in cancer cells highlights the importance of further investigating the effects of dietary polyphenols, including their ability to boost the efficacy of chemotherapy and avoid multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, it is summarized what is known regarding the effectiveness of natural polyphenolic compounds in counteracting the resistance that might develop to cancer drugs as a result of a variety of different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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