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Weth FR, Hoggarth GB, Weth AF, Paterson E, White MPJ, Tan ST, Peng L, Gray C. Unlocking hidden potential: advancements, approaches, and obstacles in repurposing drugs for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:703-715. [PMID: 38012383 PMCID: PMC10912636 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of failure, exorbitant costs, and the sluggish pace of new drug discovery and development have led to a growing interest in repurposing "old" drugs to treat both common and rare diseases, particularly cancer. Cancer, a complex and heterogeneous disease, often necessitates a combination of different treatment modalities to achieve optimal outcomes. The intrinsic polygenicity of cancer, intricate biological signalling networks, and feedback loops make the inhibition of a single target frequently insufficient for achieving the desired therapeutic impact. As a result, addressing these complex or "smart" malignancies demands equally sophisticated treatment strategies. Combinatory treatments that target the multifaceted oncogenic signalling network hold immense promise. Repurposed drugs offer a potential solution to this challenge, harnessing known compounds for new indications. By avoiding the prohibitive costs and long development timelines associated with novel cancer drugs, this approach holds the potential to usher in more effective, efficient, and cost-effective cancer treatments. The pursuit of combinatory therapies through drug repurposing may hold the key to achieving superior outcomes for cancer patients. However, drug repurposing faces significant commercial, technological and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. This review explores the diverse approaches employed in drug repurposing, delves into the challenges faced by the drug repurposing community, and presents innovative solutions to overcome these obstacles. By emphasising the significance of combinatory treatments within the context of drug repurposing, we aim to unlock the full potential of this approach for enhancing cancer therapy. The positive aspects of drug repurposing in oncology are underscored here; encompassing personalized treatment, accelerated development, market opportunities for shelved drugs, cancer prevention, expanded patient reach, improved patient access, multi-partner collaborations, increased likelihood of approval, reduced costs, and enhanced combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya R Weth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Georgia B Hoggarth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Anya F Weth
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Erin Paterson
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | | | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial & Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
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Konjalwar S, Ceyhan B, Rivera O, Nategh P, Neghabi M, Pavlovic M, Allani S, Ranji M. Demonstrating drug treatment efficacies by monitoring superoxide dynamics in human lung cancer cells with time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300331. [PMID: 37822188 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride, an antihyperglycemic agent, and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, are FDA-approved drugs known to exert anticancer effects. Previous studies demonstrated sulindac and metformin's anticancer properties through mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and key signaling pathways. In this study, various drugs were administered to A549 lung cancer cells, and results revealed that a combination of sulindac and metformin enhanced cell death compared to the administration of the drugs separately. To measure superoxide production over time, we employed a time-lapse fluorescence imaging technique using mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine. Fluorescence microscopy data showed the most significant increases in superoxide production in the combination treatment of metformin and sulindac. Results showed significant differences between the combined drug treatment and control groups and between the positive control and control groups. This approach can be utilized to quantify the anticancer efficacy of drugs, creating possibilities for additional therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Konjalwar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Busenur Ceyhan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Oscar Rivera
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Parisa Nategh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Neghabi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Shailaja Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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Miliński M, Staś M, Rok J, Beberok A, Wrześniok D. The effect of sulindac on redox homeostasis and apoptosis-related proteins in melanotic and amelanotic cells. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:995-1004. [PMID: 37195561 PMCID: PMC10374796 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to inhibit the development of induced neoplasms. Our previous research demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of sulindac against melanoma cells is comparable to dacarbazine, the drug used in chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of sulindac cytotoxicity on COLO 829 and C32 cell lines. METHODS The influence of sundilac on the activity of selected enzymes of the antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and the content of hydrogen peroxide as well as the level of proteins initiating (p53, Bax) and inhibiting (Bcl-2) apoptosis were measured in melanoma cells. RESULTS In melanotic melanoma cells, sulindac increased the activity of SOD and the content of H2O2 but decreased the activity of CAT and GPx. The level of p53 and Bax proteins rose but the content of Bcl-2 protein was lowered. Similar results were observed for dacarbazine. In amelanotic melanoma cells, sulindac did not cause an increase in the activity of measured enzymes or any significant changes in the level of apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSION The cytotoxic effect of sulindac in the COLO 829 cell line is connected to disturbed redox homeostasis by changing the activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, and level of H2O2. Sulindac also induces apoptosis by changing the ratio of the pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic protein. The presented studies indicate the possibility of developing target therapy against melanotic melanoma using sulindac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Miliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland.
| | - Monika Staś
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy With the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Kulabaş N, Set İ, Aktay G, Gürsoy Ş, Danış Ö, Ogan A, Erdem SS, Erzincan P, Helvacıoğlu S, Hamitoğlu M, Küçükgüzel İ. Identification of some novel amide conjugates as potent and gastric sparing anti-inflammatory agents: In vitro, in vivo, in silico studies and drug safety evaluation. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Maniewska J, Czyżnikowska Ż, Szczęśniak-Sięga BM, Michalak K. Interaction of Oxicam Derivatives with the Artificial Models of Biological Membranes-Calorimetric and Fluorescence Spectroscopic Study. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080791. [PMID: 36005706 PMCID: PMC9412344 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The modified 1,2-benzothiazine analogues designed as new drug candidates and discussed in this paper are oxicam derivatives. Oxicams are a class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Their biological target is cyclooxygenase (COX), a membrane protein associated with the phospholipid bilayer. In recent decades, it has been proven that the biological effect of NSAIDs may be closely related to their interaction at the level of the biological membrane. These processes are often complicated and the biological membranes themselves are very complex. Therefore, to study these mechanisms, simplified models of biological membranes are used. To characterize the interaction of six oxicam derivatives with DPPC, DMPC and EYPC, artificial models of biological membranes (multi-bilayers or liposomes), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques were applied. In spectroscopic measurements, two fluorescent probes (Laurdan and Prodan) localized in different membrane segments were used. All tested oxicam derivatives interacted with the lipid bilayers and may penetrate the artificial models of biological membranes. They intercalated into the lipid bilayers and were located in the vicinity of the polar/apolar membrane interface. Moreover, a good drug candidate should not only have high efficiency against a molecular target but also exhibit strictly defined ADMET parameters, therefore these activities of the studied compounds were also estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Maniewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-0397
| | - Żaneta Czyżnikowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Berenika M. Szczęśniak-Sięga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Michalak
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Bowers LW, Glenny EM, Punjala A, Lanman NA, Goldbaum A, Himbert C, Montgomery SA, Yang P, Roper J, Ulrich CM, Dannenberg AJ, Coleman MF, Hursting SD. Weight Loss and/or Sulindac Mitigate Obesity-associated Transcriptome, Microbiome, and Protumor Effects in a Murine Model of Colon Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:481-495. [PMID: 35653548 PMCID: PMC9357192 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. Our current study examines whether weight loss and/or treatment with the NSAID sulindac suppresses the protumor effects of obesity in a mouse model of colon cancer. Azoxymethane-treated male FVB/N mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks, then HFD mice were randomized to remain on HFD (obese) or switch to LFD [formerly obese (FOb-LFD)]. Within the control (LFD), obese, and FOb-LFD groups, half the mice started sulindac treatment (140 ppm in the diet). All mice were euthanized 7 weeks later. FOb-LFD mice had intermediate body weight levels, lower than obese but higher than control (P < 0.05). Sulindac did not affect body weight. Obese mice had greater tumor multiplicity and burden than all other groups (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic profiling indicated that weight loss and sulindac each modulate the expression of tumor genes related to invasion and may promote a more antitumor immune landscape. Furthermore, the fecal microbes Coprobacillus, Prevotella, and Akkermansia muciniphila were positively correlated with tumor multiplicity and reduced by sulindac in obese mice. Coprobacillus abundance was also decreased in FOb-LFD mice. In sum, weight loss and sulindac treatment, alone and in combination, reversed the effects of chronic obesity on colon tumor multiplicity and burden. Our findings suggest that an investigation regarding the effects of NSAID treatment on colon cancer risk and/or progression in obese individuals is warranted, particularly for those unable to achieve moderate weight loss. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Obesity is a colon cancer risk and/or progression factor, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein we demonstrate that obesity enhances murine colon carcinogenesis and expression of numerous tumoral procancer and immunosuppressive pathways. Moreover, we establish that weight loss via LFD and/or the NSAID sulindac mitigate procancer effects of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W. Bowers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elaine M. Glenny
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arunima Punjala
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nadia A. Lanman
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Audrey Goldbaum
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Himbert
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew J. Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine (retired), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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Kostantini C, Arora S, Söderlind E, Ceulemans J, Reppas C, Vertzoni M. Usefulness of Optimized Human Fecal Material in Simulating the Bacterial Degradation of Sulindac and Sulfinpyrazone in the Lower Intestine. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2542-2548. [PMID: 35729720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of optimized human fecal material in simulating sulforeductase activity in the lower intestine by assessing bacterial degradation of sulindac and sulfinpyrazone, two sulforeductase substrates. The second aim was to evaluate the usefulness of drug degradation half-life generated in simulated colonic bacteria (SCoB) in informing PBPK models. Degradation experiments of sulfinpyrazone and of sulindac in SCoB were performed under anaerobic conditions using recently described methods. For sulfinpyrazone, the abundance of clinical data allowed for construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and evaluation of luminal degradation clearance determined from SCoB data. For sulindac, the availability of sulindac sulfide and sulindac sulfone standards allowed for evaluating the formation of the main metabolite, sulindac sulfide, during the experiments in SCoB. Both model compounds degraded substantially in SCoB. The PBPK model was able to adequately capture exposure of sulfinpyrazone and its sulfide metabolite in healthy subjects, in ileostomy and/or colectomy subjects, and in healthy subjects pretreated with metoclopramide by implementing degradation half-lives in SCoB to calculate intrinsic colon clearance. Degradation rates of sulindac and formation rates of sulindac sulfide in SCoB were almost identical, in line with in vivo data suggesting the sulindac sulfide is the primary metabolite in the lower intestine. Experiments in SCoB were useful in simulating sulforeductase related bacterial degradation activity in the lower intestine. Degradation half-life calculated from experiments in SCoB is proven useful for informing a predictive PBPK model for sulfinpyrazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kostantini
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Sumit Arora
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
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Jaragh-Alhadad LA, Ali MS. Methoxybenzamide derivative of nimesulide from anti-fever to anti-cancer: chemical characterization and cytotoxicity. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:485-493. [PMID: 35693435 PMCID: PMC9177461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The repurposing strategy of converting nimesulide from an anti-fever drug to an anti-cancer agent by modifying its main structure targeting HSP27 is gaining great attention these days. The goal of this study focuses on synthesizing a new nimesulide derivative with new ligands that have biological anti-cancer activities in different cancer models using the in-vitro assay. Nimesulide derivative L1 was synthesized, characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, melting point, mass spectra, and TGA analysis. A single crystal was diffracted and showed colorless block group P-1. The results revealed that L1 demonstrates potent anti-cancer activity with lung (H292), ovarian (SKOV3), and breast (SKBR3) cancer cell lines in-vitro models with IC50 values below 8.8 µM.
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Wu F, Yao H, Li W, Zhang N, Fan Y, Chan ASC, Li X, An B. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidines bearing a sulfoxide moiety as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibition agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128253. [PMID: 34245852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) targeted therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ALK-positive lung adenocarcinomas. Here we synthesized and evaluated sixteen new 2,4-diaminopyrimidines bearing a sulfoxide moiety as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. The optimal compound 9e exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H2228 cells, which is better than that of Brigatinib and similar to Ceritinib. Mechanism study revealed that the optimal compound 9e decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and arrested NCI-H2228 cells in the G0/G1 phase, finally resulting in cellular apoptosis. It is interesting that 9e could effectively inhibit the migration of NCI-H2228 cells and may be a promising leading compound for chemotherapy of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Han Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Niuniu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, PR China
| | - Albert S C Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Baijiao An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264003, PR China.
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10
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Wang K, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Han W. A review of the synthesis of nitric oxide donor and donor derivatives with pharmacological activities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:873-883. [PMID: 33845741 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210412161801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule and signal transduction molecule, which participates in the regulation of multiple functions in organisms, involving a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially playing a very important role in the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. NO is a gaseous substance with a short half-life in the body and is unstable in aqueous solutions. Therefore, many researchers focus on the release and activity of NO donors and their derivatives. However, NO donors can release free NO or NO analogues under physiological conditions to meet the human need. NO donors can be coupled with the corresponding active basic nucleus, so that they have the biological activity derived from both the basic nucleus and the NO donors, thus performing better bioactivity. This paper reviewed the routes of synthesis and advance activities of NO donor derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150081. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150081. China
| | - Hualin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150081. China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150081. China
| | - Weina Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin,150081. China
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Moraes PA, Brum ES, Brusco I, Marangoni MA, Lobo MM, Camargo AF, Nogara PA, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Da Rocha JBT, Oliveira SM, Zanatta N. Pyrazole‐Enaminones as Promising Prototypes for the Development of Analgesic Drugs. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Moraes
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Evelyne S. Brum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Indiara Brusco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Mário A. Marangoni
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Lobo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Adriano F. Camargo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Pablo A. Nogara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
| | - João Batista T. Da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Sara M. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900 Santa Maria Brazil
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12
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Duff MR, Gabel SA, Pedersen LC, DeRose EF, Krahn JM, Howell EE, London RE. The Structural Basis for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Inhibition of Human Dihydrofolate Reductase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8314-8324. [PMID: 32658475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target primarily cyclooxygenase enzymes, a subset of NSAIDs containing carboxylate groups also has been reported to competitively inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In this study, we have characterized NSAID interactions with human DHFR based on kinetic, NMR, and X-ray crystallographic methods. The NSAIDs target a region of the folate binding site that interacts with the p-aminobenzoyl-l-glutamate (pABG) moiety of folate and inhibit cooperatively with ligands that target the adjacent pteridine-recognition subsite. NSAIDs containing benzoate or salicylate groups were identified as having the highest potency. Among those tested, diflunisal, a salicylate derivative not previously identified to have anti-folate activity, was found to have a Ki of 34 μM, well below peak plasma diflunisal levels reached at typical dosage levels. The potential of these drugs to interfere with the inflammatory process by multiple pathways introduces the possibility of further optimization to design dual-targeted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duff
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Scott A Gabel
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lars C Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Eugene F DeRose
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Juno M Krahn
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Howell
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Robert E London
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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13
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Elias A, Shebaby WN, Nehme B, Faour W, Bassil BS, Hakim JE, Iskandar R, Dib-Jalbout N, Mroueh M, Daher C, Taleb RI. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities of 2-Himachelen-7-ol isolated from Cedrus Libani. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12855. [PMID: 31492934 PMCID: PMC6731217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cedrus libani is a majestic evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean mountains of Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. In this study, the tree heart wood was extracted using hexane to produce C. libani oil extract (CLOE) as a dark oil. GCMS analysis of CLOE identified up to 30 compounds whereby 2-himachalen-7-ol (7-HC) was the most abundant (40%). 7-HC was isolated using column chromatography and the identity of the white crystalline solid was confirmed via NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray Crystallography. 7-HC demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against several human cancer cell lines including brain (SF-268, IC50 8.1 μg/mL) and colon (HT-29, IC50 10.1 μg/mL; Caco-2, IC50 9.9 μg/mL) with ovarian (Sk-OV-3, IC50 > 50 μg/mL) cells being the most resistant. However, while HT-29 displayed resistance to Cisplatin, 7-HC was 8–10 folds more potent. Co-treatment with 7-HC and Cisplatin showed a significant synergistic anti-proliferative effect against SF-268, HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. 7-HC also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effect in formalin-induced paw edema in rats. Western blot analysis revealed that 7-HC displayed dose dependent inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression in isolated rat monocytes. The present study demonstrates that 7-HC possesses promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and may serve as a lead molecule in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Elias
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Wassim N Shebaby
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Bilal Nehme
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Wissam Faour
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Bassem S Bassil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, PO Box 100, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Joelle El Hakim
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Rita Iskandar
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Nahia Dib-Jalbout
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Mroueh
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Costantine Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Robin I Taleb
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, 1102 2801, Lebanon.
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14
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Gouda AM, Beshr EA, Almalki FA, Halawah HH, Taj BF, Alnafaei AF, Alharazi RS, Kazi WM, AlMatrafi MM. Arylpropionic acid-derived NSAIDs: New insights on derivatization, anticancer activity and potential mechanism of action. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103224. [PMID: 31491568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NSAIDs displayed chemopreventive and anticancer effects against several types of cancers. Moreover, combination of NSAIDs with anticancer agents resulted in enhanced anticancer activity. These findings have attracted much attention of researchers working in this field. The 2-arylpropionic acid-derived NSAIDs represent one of the most widely used anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, they displayed antiproliferative activities against different types of cancer cells. Large volume of research was performed to identify molecular targets responsible for this activity. However, the exact mechanism underlying the anticancer activity of profens is still unclear. In this review article, the anticancer potential, structure activity relationship and synthesis of selected profen derivatives were summarized. This review is focused also on non-COX targets which can mediate the anticancer activity of this derivatives. The data in this review highlighted profens as promising lead compounds in future research to develop potent and safe anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Beshr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Faisal A Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel H Halawah
- B-Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Batool Fawzi Taj
- B-Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athir Faiz Alnafaei
- B-Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Weam Mahmood Kazi
- B-Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak M AlMatrafi
- B-Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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15
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El-Azab AS, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Abou-Zeid LA, El-Husseiny WM, El Morsy AM, El-Gendy MA, El-Sayed MAA. Synthesis, antitumour activities and molecular docking of thiocarboxylic acid ester-based NSAID scaffolds: COX-2 inhibition and mechanistic studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:989-998. [PMID: 29806488 PMCID: PMC6009944 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1474878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of NSAID thioesters were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antitumor effects against a panel of four human tumor cell lines, namely: HepG2, MCF-7, HCT-116 and Caco-2, using the MTT assay. Compared to the reference drugs 5-FU, afatinib and celecoxib, compounds 2b, 3b, 6a, 7a, 7b and 8a showed potent broad-spectrum antitumor activity against the selected tumour cell lines. Accordingly, these compounds were selected for mechanistic studies about COX inhibition and kinase assays. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 enzyme inhibition assay results indicated that compounds 2b, 3b, 6a, 7a, 7b, 8a and 8 b selectively inhibited the COX-2 enzyme (IC50 = ∼0.20–0.69 μM), with SI values of (>72.5–250) compared with celecoxib (IC50 = 0.16 μM, COX-2 SI: > 312.5); however, all the tested compounds did not inhibit the COX-1 enzyme (IC50 > 50 μM). On the other hand, EGFR, HER2, HER4 and cSrc kinase inhibition assays were evaluated at a 10 μM concentration. The selected candidates displayed limited activities against the various tested kinases; the compounds 2a, 3b, 6a, 7a, 7b and 8a showed no activity to weak activity (% inhibition = ∼0–10%). The molecular docking study revealed the importance of the thioester moiety for the interaction of the drugs with the amino acids in the active sites of COX-2. The aforementioned results indicated that thioester based on NSAID scaffolds derivatives may serve as new antitumor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S El-Azab
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,c Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Laila A Abou-Zeid
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Walaa M El-Husseiny
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Ahmad M El Morsy
- b Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Manal A El-Gendy
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda A-A El-Sayed
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.,e Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy , Horus university , New Damietta , Egypt
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16
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Mathew B, Snowden TS, Connelly MC, Guy RK, Reynolds RC. A small diversity library of α-methyl amide analogs of sulindac for probing anticancer structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2136-2142. [PMID: 29776741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a variety of potential indications that include management of pain and inflammation as well as chemoprevention and/or treatment of cancer. Furthermore, a specific form of ibuprofen, dexibuprofen or the S-(+) form, shows interesting neurological activities and has been proposed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In a continuation of our work probing the anticancer activity of small sulindac libraries, we have prepared and screened a small diversity library of α-methyl substituted sulindac amides in the profen class. Several compounds of this series displayed promising activity compared with a lead sulindac analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Timothy S Snowden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mailstop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- The University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 214H BioPharm Complex, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Robert C Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Aim: Experimental and epidemiological studies and clinical trials suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs possess antitumor potential. Sulindac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, can prevent adenomatous colorectal polyps and colon cancer, especially in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Sulindac sulfide amide (SSA) is an amide-linked sulindac sulfide analog that showed in vivo antitumor activity in a human colon tumor xenograft model. Results/methodology: A new analog series with heterocyclic rings such as oxazole or thiazole at the C-2 position of sulindac was prepared and screened against prostate, colon and breast cancer cell lines to probe the effect of these novel substitutions on the activity of sulindac analogs. Conclusion: In general, replacement of the amide function of SSA analogs had a negative impact on the cell lines tested. A small number of hits incorporating rigid oxazole or thiazole groups in the sulindac scaffold in place of the amide linkage show comparable activity to our lead agent SSA.
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18
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Mathew B, Hobrath JV, Connelly MC, Guy RK, Reynolds RC. Amine Containing Analogs of Sulindac for Cancer Prevention. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:1-12. [PMID: 29492166 PMCID: PMC5817852 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sulindac belongs to the chemically diverse family of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) that effectively prevent adenomatous colorectal polyps and colon cancer, especially in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Sulindac sulfide amide (SSA), an amide analog of sulindac sulfide, shows insignificant COX-related activity and toxicity while enhancing anticancer activity in vitro and demonstrating in vivo xenograft activity. Objective: Develop structure-activity relationships in the sulindac amine series and identify analogs with promising anticancer activities. Method: A series of sulindac amine analogs were designed and synthesized and then further modified in a “libraries from libraries” approach to produce amide, sulfonamide and N,N-disubstituted sulindac amine sub-libraries. All analogs were screened against three cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and breast). Results: Several active compounds were identified viain vitro cancer cell line screening with the most potent compound (26) in the nanomolar range. Conclusion: Compound 26 and analogs showing the most potent inhibitory activity may be considered for further design and optimization efforts as anticancer hit scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Judith V Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mailstop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- The University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 214H BioPharm Complex, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Robert C Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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19
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Mathew B, Hobrath JV, Connelly MC, Kiplin Guy R, Reynolds RC. Diverse amide analogs of sulindac for cancer treatment and prevention. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4614-4621. [PMID: 28935266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulindac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has shown significant anticancer activity. Sulindac sulfide amide (1) possessing greatly reduced COX-related inhibition relative to sulindac displayed in vivo antitumor activity that was comparable to sulindac in a human colon tumor xenograft model. Inspired by these observations, a panel of diverse sulindac amide derivatives have been synthesized and their activity probed against three cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and breast). A neutral analog, compound 79 was identified with comparable potency relative to lead 1 and activity against a panel of lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Several new series also show good activity relative to the parent (1), including five analogs that also possess nanomolar inhibitory potencies against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Several new analogs identified may serve as anticancer lead candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Judith V Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mailstop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- The University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, 214H BioPharm Complex, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Robert C Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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20
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Mathew B, Hobrath JV, Lu W, Li Y, Reynolds RC. Synthesis and preliminary assessment of the anticancer and Wnt/β-catenin inhibitory activity of small amide libraries of fenamates and profens. Med Chem Res 2017; 26:3038-3045. [PMID: 29104411 PMCID: PMC5656725 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing program to study the anticancer activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) through generating diversity libraries of multiple NSAID scaffolds, we synthesized a series of NSAID amide derivatives and screened these sets against three cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and breast) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The evaluated amide analog libraries show significant anticancer activity/cell proliferation inhibition, and specific members of the sets show inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA
| | - Judith V. Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH UK
| | - Wenyan Lu
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA
| | - Yonghe Li
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA
| | - Robert C. Reynolds
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294 USA
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21
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Goswami S, Sanyal S, Chakraborty P, Das C, Sarkar M. Interaction of a common painkiller piroxicam and copper-piroxicam with chromatin causes structural alterations accompanied by modulation at the epigenomic/genomic level. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2048-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Bombardo M, Malagola E, Chen R, Rudnicka A, Graf R, Sonda S. Ibuprofen and diclofenac treatments reduce proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells upon inflammatory injury and mitogenic stimulation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:335-347. [PMID: 28542719 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are administered to manage the pain typically found in patients suffering from pancreatitis. NSAIDs also display anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells; however, their effects on normal, untransformed cells are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether NSAIDs inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells during the development of acute pancreatitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The NSAIDs ibuprofen and diclofenac were administered to C57BL/6 mice after induction of pancreatitis with serial injections of cerulein. In addition, ibuprofen was administered concomitantly with 3,5,3-L-tri-iodothyronine (T3), which induces acinar cell proliferation in the absence of tissue inflammation. The development of pancreatic inflammation, acinar de-differentiation into metaplastic lesions and acinar proliferation were quantified by histochemical, biochemical and RT-PCR approaches. KEY RESULTS Therapeutic ibuprofen treatment selectively reduced pancreatic infiltration of activated macrophages in vivo, and M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression both in vivo and in vitro. Reduced macrophage activation was accompanied by reduced acinar de-differentiation into acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Acinar proliferation was significantly impaired in the presence of ibuprofen and diclofenac, as demonstrated at both the level of proliferation markers and expression of cell cycle regulators. Ibuprofen also reduced acinar cell proliferation induced by mitogenic stimulation with T3, a treatment that does not elicit pancreatic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study provides evidence that the NSAIDs ibuprofen and diclofenac inhibit pancreatic acinar cell division. This suggests that prolonged treatment with these NSAIDs may negatively affect the regeneration of the pancreas and further studies are needed to confirm these findings in a clinical setting. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bombardo
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ermanno Malagola
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rong Chen
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alina Rudnicka
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Newnham Campus, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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23
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Sankpal UT, Goodison S, Jones-Pauley M, Hurtado M, Zhang F, Basha R. Tolfenamic acid-induced alterations in genes and pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14593-14603. [PMID: 28099934 PMCID: PMC5362428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being tested extensively for their role in the treatment and prevention of several cancers. Typically NSAIDs exhibit anti-tumor activities via modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent mechanisms, however, an anti-cancer NSAID tolfenamic acid (TA) is believed to work through COX-independent pathways. Results from our laboratory and others have demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of TA in various cancer models including pancreatic cancer. TA has been shown to modulate certain cellular processes including, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and signaling. In this study, molecular profiling was performed to precisely understand the mode of action of TA. Three pancreatic cancer cell lines, L3.6pl, MIA PaCa-2, and Panc1 were treated with TA (50 μM for 48 h) and the changes in gene expression was evaluated using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene ST Array platform. Microarray results were further validated using quantitative PCR for seven genes altered by TA treatment in all three cell lines. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (2 fold increase or decrease, p < 0.05) using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, revealed that TA treatment predominantly affected the genes involved in cell cycle, cell growth and proliferation, and cell death and survival. Promoter analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that they are enriched for Sp1 binding sites, suggesting that Sp1 could be a major contributor in mediating the effect of TA. The gene expression studies identified new targets involved in TA's mode of action, while supporting the hypothesis about the association of Sp1 in TA mediated effects in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh T. Sankpal
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Jones-Pauley
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Myrna Hurtado
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
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24
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Abd El Razik HA, Mroueh M, Faour WH, Shebaby WN, Daher CF, Ashour HMA, Ragab HM. Synthesis of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:83-96. [PMID: 28032452 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of two series of new purine bioisosteres comprising a pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold linked to piperazine moiety through different amide linkages. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against four cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SF-268, B16F-10) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) protein expression inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated rat monocytes. The results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds showed moderate-to-high cytotoxic activity against at least one cell line, with compound 10b being the most active against all used cell lines (IC50 values 5.5-11 μg/ml) comparable to cisplatin. In addition, six of these compounds (7b, 10a-d, and 12c) demonstrated inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression at low concentration (25 μg/ml) as compared to the control non-stimulated cells and showed a COX-2 selectivity index range comparable to diclofenac sodium. The overall results indicate that many of these pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives possess in vitro anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities at varying doses, and the most active compounds will be subjected to in vivo pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Abd El Razik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Mroueh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Wassim N Shebaby
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of arts and sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Costantine F Daher
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of arts and sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hayam M A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Goswami S, Ray S, Sarkar M. Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of DNA with the copper complexes of NSAIDs lornoxicam and isoxicam. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mathew B, Hobrath JV, Ross L, Connelly MC, Lofton H, Rajagopalan M, Guy RK, Reynolds RC. Screening and Development of New Inhibitors of FtsZ from M. Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164100. [PMID: 27768711 PMCID: PMC5074515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of commercial analogs and a newer series of Sulindac derivatives were screened for inhibition of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) in vitro and specifically as inhibitors of the essential mycobacterial tubulin homolog, FtsZ. Due to the ease of preparing diverse analogs and a favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of a representative analog, the Sulindac scaffold may be useful for further development against Mtb with respect to in vitro bacterial growth inhibition and selective activity for Mtb FtsZ versus mammalian tubulin. Further discovery efforts will require separating reported mammalian cell activity from both antibacterial activity and inhibition of Mtb FtsZ. Modeling studies suggest that these analogs bind in a specific region of the Mtb FtsZ polymer that differs from human tubulin and, in combination with a pharmacophore model presented herein, future hybrid analogs of the reported active molecules that more efficiently bind in this pocket may improve antibacterial activity while improving other drug characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bini Mathew
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205, United States of America
| | - Judith Varady Hobrath
- Drug Discovery Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Larry Ross
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Alabama, 35205, United States of America
| | - Michele C. Connelly
- Dept. Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, United States of America
| | - Hava Lofton
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, United States of America
| | - Malini Rajagopalan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, 75708, United States of America
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Dept. Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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MacPherson R. The curious stories of drugs with two lives: a new paradigm in drug development. J R Soc Med 2015; 108:255-8. [PMID: 25827907 PMCID: PMC4530410 DOI: 10.1177/0141076815578653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross MacPherson
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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Novel cancer chemotherapy hits by molecular topology: dual Akt and Beta-catenin inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124244. [PMID: 25910265 PMCID: PMC4409212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Colorectal and prostate cancers are two of the most common types and cause of a high rate of deaths worldwide. Therefore, any strategy to stop or at least slacken the development and progression of malignant cells is an important therapeutic choice. The aim of the present work is the identification of novel cancer chemotherapy agents. Nowadays, many different drug discovery approaches are available, but this paper focuses on Molecular Topology, which has already demonstrated its extraordinary efficacy in this field, particularly in the identification of new hit and lead compounds against cancer. This methodology uses the graph theoretical formalism to numerically characterize molecular structures through the so called topological indices. Once obtained a specific framework, it allows the construction of complex mathematical models that can be used to predict physical, chemical or biological properties of compounds. In addition, Molecular Topology is highly efficient in selecting and designing new hit and lead drugs. According to the aforementioned, Molecular Topology has been applied here for the construction of specific Akt/mTOR and β-catenin inhibition mathematical models in order to identify and select novel antitumor agents. Experimental Approach Based on the results obtained by the selected mathematical models, six novel potential inhibitors of the Akt/mTOR and β-catenin pathways were identified. These compounds were then tested in vitro to confirm their biological activity. Conclusion and Implications Five of the selected compounds, CAS n° 256378-54-8 (Inhibitor n°1), 663203-38-1 (Inhibitor n°2), 247079-73-8 (Inhibitor n°3), 689769-86-6 (Inhibitor n°4) and 431925-096 (Inhibitor n°6) gave positive responses and resulted to be active for Akt/mTOR and/or β-catenin inhibition. This study confirms once again the Molecular Topology’s reliability and efficacy to find out novel drugs in the field of cancer.
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Majumdar A, Chakraborty S, Sarkar M. Modulation of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced membrane fusion by copper coordination of these drugs: anchoring effect. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13785-99. [PMID: 25380501 DOI: 10.1021/jp5086087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion, an integral event in several biological processes, is characterized by several intermediate steps guided by specific energy barriers. Hence, it requires the aid of fusogens to complete the process. Common fusogens, such as proteins/peptides, have the ability to overcome theses barriers by their conformational reorganization, an advantage not shared by small drug molecules. Hence, drug induced fusion at physiologically relevant drug concentrations is rare and occurs only in the case of the oxicam group of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To use drugs to induce and control membrane fusion in various biochemical processes requires the understanding of how different parameters modulate fusion. Also, fusion efficacy needs to be enhanced. Here we have synthesized and used Cu(II) complexes of fusogenic oxicam NSAIDs, Meloxicam and Piroxicam, to induce fusion in model membranes monitored by using DSC, TEM, steady-state, and time-resolved spectroscopy. The ability of the complexes to anchor apposing model membranes to initiate/facilitate fusion has been demonstrated. This results in better fusion efficacy compared to the bare drugs. These complexes can take the fusion to its final step. Unlike other designed membrane anchors, the role of molecular recognition and strength of interaction between molecular partners is obliterated for these preformed Cu(II)-NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupa Majumdar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064, India
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Windham PF, Tinsley HN. cGMP signaling as a target for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:106-10. [PMID: 24972142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One in eight women in the United States will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Advances in therapeutic strategies, diagnosis, and improved awareness have resulted in a significant reduction in breast cancer related mortality. However, there is a continued need for more effective and less toxic drugs for both the prevention and the treatment of breast cancer in order to see a continued decline in the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Recent studies suggest that the cGMP signaling pathway may be aberrantly regulated in breast cancer. As such, this pathway may serve as a source of novel targets for future breast cancer drug discovery efforts. This review provides an overview of cGMP signaling in normal physiology and in breast cancer as well as current strategies being investigated for targeting this pathway in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrin F Windham
- University of Montevallo, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics, Station 6480, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA
| | - Heather N Tinsley
- University of Montevallo, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics, Station 6480, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA.
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31
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Gurpinar E, Grizzle WE, Piazza GA. COX-Independent Mechanisms of Cancer Chemoprevention by Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Front Oncol 2013; 3:181. [PMID: 23875171 PMCID: PMC3708159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors, reduce the risk of developing cancer. Experimental studies in human cancer cell lines and rodent models of carcinogenesis support these observations by providing strong evidence for the antineoplastic properties of NSAIDs. The involvement of COX-2 in tumorigenesis and its overexpression in various cancer tissues suggest that inhibition of COX-2 is responsible for the chemopreventive efficacy of these agents. However, the precise mechanisms by which NSAIDs exert their antiproliferative effects are still a matter of debate. Numerous other studies have shown that NSAIDs can act through COX-independent mechanisms. This review provides a detailed description of the major COX-independent molecular targets of NSAIDs and discusses how these targets may be involved in their anticancer effects. Toxicities resulting from COX inhibition and the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis preclude the long-term use of NSAIDs for cancer chemoprevention. Furthermore, chemopreventive efficacy is incomplete and treatment often leads to the development of resistance. Identification of alternative NSAID targets and elucidation of the biochemical processes by which they inhibit tumor growth could lead to the development of safer and more efficacious drugs for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gurpinar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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Laube M, Kniess T, Pietzsch J. Radiolabeled COX-2 inhibitors for non-invasive visualization of COX-2 expression and activity--a critical update. Molecules 2013; 18:6311-55. [PMID: 23760031 PMCID: PMC6269837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key player in inflammation. Its overexpression is directly associated with various inflammatory diseases and, additionally, with several processes of carcinogenesis. The development of new selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) for use in cancer treatment is in the focus of the medicinal chemistry research field. For this purpose, a set of methods is available to determine COX-2 expression and activity in vitro and ex vivo but it is still a problem to functionally characterize COX-2 in vivo. This review focusses on imaging agents targeting COX-2 which have been developed for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) since 2005. The literature reveals that different radiochemical methods are available to synthesize COXIBs radiolabeled with fluorine-18, carbon-11, and isotopes of radioiodine. Unfortunately, most of the compounds tested did not show sufficient stability in vivo due to de[18F]fluorination or de[11C]methylation or they failed to bind specifically in the target region. So, suitable stability in vivo, matching lipophilicity for the target compartment and both high affinity and selectivity for COX-2 were identified as prominent criteria for radiotracer development. Up to now, it is not clear what approach and which model is the most suited to evaluate COX-2 targeting imaging agents in vivo. However, for proof of principle it has been shown that some radiolabeled compounds can bind specifically in COX-2 overexpressing tissue which gives hope for future work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laube
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (T.K.); (J.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-351-260-2810; Fax: +49-351-260-2915
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (T.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; E-Mails: (T.K.); (J.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Straightforward protocol for the efficient synthesis of varied N(1)-acylated (aza)indole 2-/3-alkanoic acids and esters: optimization and scale-up. Tetrahedron 2012. [PMID: 23204595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A library of approximately 40 N(1)-acylated (aza)indole alkanoic esters and acids was prepared employing a microwave-assisted approach. The optimized synthetic route allows for parallel synthesis, variation of the indole substitution pattern and high overall yield. Additionally, the procedure has been scaled up to yield multi-gram amounts of preferred indole compounds, e.g.: 2'-des-methyl indomethacin 2. The reported compounds were designed as biomedical tools for primary and secondary in vitro and in vivo studies at relevant molecular targets.
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Katkoori VR, Manne K, Vital-Reyes VS, Rodríguez-Burford C, Shanmugam C, Sthanam M, Manne U, Chatla C, Abdulkadir SA, Grizzle WE. Selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) decreases cellular growth in prostate cancer cell lines independent of p53. Biotech Histochem 2012; 88:38-46. [PMID: 23167625 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.724713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib is a clinically available COX-2 inhibitor that has been reported to have antineoplastic activity. It has been proposed as a preventative agent for several types of early neoplastic lesions. Earlier studies have shown that sensitivity of prostatic carcinoma (PCa) to celecoxib is associated with apoptosis; however, these studies have not demonstrated adequately whether this effect is dependent on p53 status. We studied the relation between sensitivity to celecoxib and the phenotypic p53 status of PCa cells lines, LNCaP (wild type p53), PC3 (null p53) and DU145 (mutated p53). Cellular growth was assessed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after celecoxib treatment at concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100 μM using an MTT assay. Cellular proliferation (Ki-67 expression) was determined by immunocytochemistry. Phenotypic expression of p53 was analyzed by western blotting. The effects of celecoxib on cellular growth and its association with p53 were assessed after down-regulation of p53 using synthetic interfering RNAs (siRNA) in LNCaP cells. Expression of p53 and COX-2 at mRNA levels was assessed by quantitative real time polymerase reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that celecoxib inhibited cellular growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in all three cell lines; LNCaP cells with a native p53 were the most sensitive to celecoxib. We observed a down- regulation effect on p53 in LNCaP cells exposed to ≥ 30 μM celecoxib for 72 h, but found no significant changes in the p53 levels of DU145 cells, which have a mutated p53. Reduced COX-2 expression was found with decreased p53 in LNCaP and PC-3 cells that were exposed to ≥ 20 μM of celecoxib for 72 h, but COX-2 expression was increased in DU145 cells. All three cell lines demonstrated pan-cytotoxicity when exposed to 100 μM celecoxib. When p53 expression was inhibited using siRNA in LNCaP cells, the inhibitory effects on cellular growth usually exerted by celecoxib were not changed significantly. Celecoxib reduces the growth of prostate cancer cell lines in part by decreasing proliferation, which suggests that the inhibition of growth of LNCaP cells by celecoxib is independent of normal levels of native p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Katkoori
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
The chemopreventive efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for colorectal cancer has been well documented. However, long-term use of NSAIDs is precluded owing to potentially fatal toxicities associated with their mechanism of action involving cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. But studies have shown that their anticancer activity may be due, in part, to an off-target effect. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are responsible for negative regulation of cGMP signaling, are an attractive COX-independent target. cGMP signaling is aberrantly suppressed in cancer cells and its activation appears to be sufficient to inhibit tumor cell growth. Chemically modifying sulindac has produced a series of new derivatives that lack COX-inhibitory activity but have improved cGMP PDE inhibitory activity. This approach is proving to be a promising strategy for the discovery of improved agents for the prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Chakraborty S, Yadav SK, Subramanian M, Priyadarsini KI, Iwaoka M, Chattopadhyay S. DL-trans-3,4-Dihydroxy-1-selenolane (DHSred) accelerates healing of indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration in mice. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:1378-86. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.718766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Gallic Acid Enriched Fraction of Phyllanthus emblica Potentiates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer Healing via e-NOS-Dependent Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:487380. [PMID: 22966242 PMCID: PMC3433150 DOI: 10.1155/2012/487380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The healing activity of gallic acid enriched ethanolic extract (GAE) of Phyllanthus emblica fruits (amla) against the indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in mice was investigated. The activity was correlated with the ability of GAE to alter the cyclooxygenase- (COX-) dependent healing pathways. Histology of the stomach tissues revealed maximum ulceration on the 3rd day after indomethacin (18 mg/kg, single dose) administration that was associated with significant increase in inflammatory factors, namely, mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) expression. Proangiogenic parameters such as the levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), von Willebrand Factor VIII, and endothelial NOS (e-NOS) were downregulated by indomethacin. Treatment with GAE (5 mg/kg/day) and omeprazole (3 mg/kg/day) for 3 days led to effective healing of the acute ulceration, while GAE could reverse the indomethacin-induced proinflammatory changes of the designated biochemical parameters. The ulcer healing activity of GAE was, however, compromised by coadministration of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but not the i-NOS-specific inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl) lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL). Taken together, these results suggested that the GAE treatment accelerates ulcer healing by inducing PGE2 synthesis and augmenting e-NOS/i-NOS ratio.
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Yadav SK, Adhikary B, Chand S, Maity B, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Molecular mechanism of indomethacin-induced gastropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1175-87. [PMID: 22265930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The probable cross talk among large numbers of inflammatory and angiogenic parameters in indomethacin (IND)-induced gastropathy and the associated signaling mechanism were studied in a mouse model. A single dose of IND (18 mg/kg, po) produced robust gastric ulceration in mice without any mortality, which peaked on the third day, but started healing from the fifth day onward. The ulceration was associated with increased myeloperoxidase activity and expression of proinflammatory (TNF-α, adhesion molecules, COX-2) and antiangiogenic (endostatin) parameters. The levels of proangiogenic factors such as COX-1, prostaglandin E, VEGF, and von Willebrand factor VIII were downregulated by IND. Our results revealed that although the maximal and minimal levels of these parameters were attained sequentially at different time points, TNF-α upregulation was the primary event to initiate and induce gastric ulceration. IND also activated NF-κB and all the MAP kinases, but only the inhibitors of TNF-α, NF-κB, and JNK MAP kinase could abrogate the IND-induced damages. Further TNF-α inhibition also reduced the IND-mediated activation of NF-κB and JNK MAP kinase. All this evidence strongly suggests that mitigation of TNF-α may offer a potential solution to IND-mediated gastropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & IPGME&R, Kolkata, India
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Liedtke AJ, Crews BC, Daniel CM, Blobaum AL, Kingsley PJ, Ghebreselasie K, Marnett LJ. Cyclooxygenase-1-selective inhibitors based on the (E)-2'-des-methyl-sulindac sulfide scaffold. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2287-300. [PMID: 22263894 PMCID: PMC3297362 DOI: 10.1021/jm201528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are powerful lipid mediators in many physiological and pathophysiological responses. They are produced by oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) followed by metabolism of endoperoxide intermediates by terminal PG synthases. PG biosynthesis is inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Specific inhibition of COX-2 has been extensively investigated, but relatively few COX-1-selective inhibitors have been described. Recent reports of a possible contribution of COX-1 in analgesia, neuroinflammation, or carcinogenesis suggest that COX-1 is a potential therapeutic target. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of (E)-2'-des-methyl-sulindac sulfide (E-DMSS) analogues for inhibition of COX-1. Several potent and selective inhibitors were discovered, and the most promising compounds were active against COX-1 in intact ovarian carcinoma cells (OVCAR-3). The compounds inhibited tumor cell proliferation but only at concentrations >100-fold higher than the concentrations that inhibit COX-1 activity. E-DMSS analogues may be useful probes of COX-1 biology in vivo and promising leads for COX-1-targeted therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Liedtke
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Katsori AM, Chatzopoulou M, Dimas K, Kontogiorgis C, Patsilinakos A, Trangas T, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Curcumin analogues as possible anti-proliferative & anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2722-35. [PMID: 21514701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel curcumin analogues has been designed, synthesized and tested in vitro/in vivo as potential multi-target agents. Their anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities were studied. Compounds 1b and 2b were stronger inhibitors of soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) than curcumin. Analogue 1b was also the most potent aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor. Two compounds, (1a and 1f) exhibited in vivo anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of indomethacin, whereas derivative 1i exhibited even higher activity. The derivatives were also tested for their anti-proliferative activity using three different human cancer cell lines. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1d and 2b exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity as compared to curcumin, against all three cancer cell lines. Lipophilicity was determined as R(M) values using RPTLC and theoretically. The results are discussed in terms of the structural characteristics of the compounds. Docking simulations were performed on LOX and ALR2 inhibitor 1b and curcumin. Compound 1b is well fitted in the active site of ALR2, binding to the ALR2 enzyme in a similar way to curcumin. Allosteric interactions may govern the LOX-inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Katsori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Adhikary B, Yadav SK, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Role of the COX-independent pathways in the ulcer-healing action of epigallocatechin gallate. Food Funct 2011; 2:338-47. [PMID: 21779572 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of the cyclooxygenase-independent pathway by the green tea-derived polyphenol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) during its healing action against indomethacin (IND)-induced stomach ulceration in mice was investigated. On the 3rd day of its administration, IND (18 mg kg(-1)) induced maximum stomach ulceration which was associated with increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (2.1-fold, p < 0.001), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression (2.5-fold, p < 0.001), along with augmented levels of serum nitrite (1.3-fold, p < 0.001), selectins and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), as well as reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (53%, p < 0.001). Treatment with EGCG (2 mg kg(-1)) and omeprazole (3 mg kg(-1)) for 3 days reversed these parameters, and provided excellent (76-77%) ulcer healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Adhikary
- IPGME & R, 244B, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
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42
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Tinsley HN, Gary BD, Keeton AB, Lu W, Li Y, Piazza GA. Inhibition of PDE5 by sulindac sulfide selectively induces apoptosis and attenuates oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription in human breast tumor cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1275-84. [PMID: 21505183 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as sulindac sulfide (SS) display promising antineoplastic properties, but toxicities resulting from COX inhibition limit their clinical use. Although COX inhibition is responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of SS, recent studies suggest that phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibition and activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling are closely associated with its ability to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for apoptosis induction, factors that influence sensitivity of tumor cells to SS, and the importance of PDE5 for breast tumor cell growth have not been established. Here we show that SS can induce apoptosis of breast tumor cells, which predominantly rely on PDE5 for cGMP hydrolysis but not normal mammary epithelial cells, which rely on PDE isozymes other than PDE5 for cGMP hydrolysis. Inhibition of PDE5 and activation of protein kinase G (PKG) by SS was associated with increased β-catenin phosphorylation, decreased β-catenin mRNA and protein levels, reduced β-catenin nuclear localization, decreased T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) promoter activity, and decreased expression of Wnt/β-catenin-regulated proteins. Suppression of PDE5 with siRNA or known PDE5 inhibitors was sufficient to selectively induce apoptosis and attenuate β-catenin-mediated transcription in breast tumor cells with minimal effects on normal mammary epithelial cells. These findings provide evidence that SS induces apoptosis of breast tumor cells through a mechanism involving inhibition of PDE5 and attenuation of oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcription. We conclude that PDE5 represents a novel molecular target for the discovery of safer and more efficacious drugs for breast cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Tinsley
- Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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