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Puopolo T, Cai A, Liu C, Ma H, Seeram NP. Investigating cannabinoids as P2X purinoreceptor 4 ligands by using surface plasmon resonance and computational docking. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21265. [PMID: 37920520 PMCID: PMC10618793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X purinoceptor 4 (P2X4) is an ATP-gated ion channel receptor with diverse neurophysiological functions, and P2X4 modulators hold promise as potential therapeutics for neuropathic pain, neuroinflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. While several cannabinoids have been reported as modulators of purinoreceptors, their specific purinoreceptor-binding characteristics remain elusive. In this study, we established a comprehensive workflow that included a binding screening platform and a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) competitive assay, complemented by computational docking, to identify potential P2X4 binders among a panel of twenty-eight cannabinoids. Through SPR, we determined the binding affinities of cannabinoids (KD values ranging from 3.4 × 10-4 M to 1 × 10-6 M), along with two known P2X4 antagonists, BX430 (KD = 4.5 × 10-6 M) and 5-BDBD (KD = 7.8 × 10-6 M). The competitive SPR assay validated that BX430 and 5-BDBD acted as non-competitive binders with P2X4. In the following competitive assays, two cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabivarin (CBV) were identified as competitive P2X4-binders with 5-BDBD, while the remaining cannabinoids exhibited non-competitive binding with either BX430 or 5-BDBD. Our molecular docking experiments further supported these findings, demonstrating that both CBD and CBV shared identical binding sites with residues in the 5-BDBD binding pocket on P2X4. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the P2X4-binding affinity of cannabinoids through SPR and sheds light on the interactions between cannabinoids (CBD and CBV) and P2X4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ang Cai
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Xia J, Li X, Lin M, Yu J, Zeng Z, Ye F, Hu G, Miu Q, He Q, Zhang X, Liang Z. Screening out Biomarkers of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum for Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationship Coupled with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073021. [PMID: 37049789 PMCID: PMC10096277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. (T. hemsleyanum) is an economically and medicinally valuable species within the genus Tetrastigma. However, the material basis of its pharmacological action and the biomarkers associated with its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects are still unclear. Additionally, the T. hemsleyanum industry cannot grow because there is a lack of a scientific, universal, and measurable quality control system. This study aimed to explore the chemical basis quality markers related to the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of T. hemsleyanum to establish an effective quality evaluation method. UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE fingerprint profiles of T. hemsleyanum from different origins were established. Pharmacodynamic studies used HepG2 and HuH-7 cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 to evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects of the active ingredients. The spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using PCA and PLSR statistical methods. Moreover, docking analysis was performed to identify specific active biomarkers with molecular targets associated with cancer and inflammation. Chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, catechin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, apigenin-8-C-glucoside, and linolenic acid were associated with anticancer activity, while chlorogenic acid, quercetin, quinic acid, kaempferol 3-rutinoside, rutinum, apigenin-8-C-glucoside, and linolenic acid were associated with anti-inflammatory activity. The spectrum-effect relationship of T. hemsleyanum was successfully established, and the biomarkers for anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects were preliminary confirmed. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the elucidation of the substance basis of T. hemsleyanum and lay the foundation for its rapid identification, quality control, industrial research, and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiuyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Min Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiani Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhongda Zeng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guanjun Hu
- Hangzhou Shizhuwu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qiang Miu
- Hangzhou Fuyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Ltd., Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qiuling He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-1530-6553960 (X.Z.)
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-1530-6553960 (X.Z.)
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Essoh AP, Cassiano GC, Mandim F, Barros L, Gomes I, Medeiros MM, Moura M, Cravo PVL, Romeiras MM. Antimalarial and Cytotoxic Activity of Native Plants Used in Cabo Verde Traditional Medicine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 36840311 PMCID: PMC9964634 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have historically been a source of drugs in multiple applications, including the treatment of malaria infections. The Cabo Verde archipelago harbors a rich diversity of native plants, most of which are used for medicinal purposes. The present study investigated the in vitro antiplasmodial activities of four native plants from Cabo Verde (i.e., Artemisia gorgonum, Lavandula rotundifolia, Sideroxylon marginatum, and Tamarix senegalensis). Traditional preparations of these medicinal plants, namely aqueous extracts (infusions) and ethanolic extracts, were tested against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains using the SYBR Green detection method. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in Caco-2 and PLP2 cells using a sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. An ethanolic extract of A. gorgonum and infusions of T. senegalensis exhibited high antiplasmodial activities (EC50 < 5 μg/mL) without cytotoxicity (GI50 > 400 μg/mL). Extracts of L. rotundifolia and S. marginatum exhibited moderate activities, with EC50 values ranging from 10-30 μg/mL. The A. gorgonum ethanolic extract showed activity toward early ring stages, and parasites treated with the T. senegalensis infusions progressed to the early trophozoite stage, although did not develop further to the late trophozoite or schizont stages. Antimalarial activities and the lack of cytotoxicity of the extracts are reported in the present study and support previous claims by traditional practitioners for the use of these plants against malaria while suggesting their ethnopharmacological usefulness as future antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyse P. Essoh
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF Joint Office of Cabo Verde-Energy, Environment and Climate Change Portfolio, Ed. Nações Unidas, Achada Santo António, Praia P.O. Box 62, Cape Verde
| | - Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isildo Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA), São Jorge dos Órgãos, Santiago CP 84, Cape Verde
| | - Márcia Melo Medeiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mónica Moura
- Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO), InBIO Associate Laboratory, Pole of Azores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vitor Lemos Cravo
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Romeiras
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF) & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Tang HY, Chen XQ, Wang H, Chu HR, Zhu CF, Huang S, Zhang MT, Shen GM. Acupuncture relieves the visceral pain of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome rats by regulating P2X4 expression. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:5563-5573. [PMID: 36105029 PMCID: PMC9452363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We researched the effect and mechanism of acupuncture treatment for visceral pain in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). METHODS We set up a rat model of IBS-D with chemical and chronic- and acute-pressure stimulations. Then, the IBS-D rats were treated with acupuncture or 5-BDBD, and the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in IBS-D rats was assessed by means of the Bristol scale, diarrhea index, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score, mast cell count and histologic staining. RESULTS Acupuncture significantly decreased clinical symptoms in IBS-D rats after a 14 day-treatment. Furthermore, significant down-regulation of P2X4, OX42, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and IRF-5 (interferon regulatory factor 5) expressions were observed in the IBS-D rats, along with the decreased inflammatory factors [interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)], chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1)], and neurotransmitters [substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)]. 5-BDBD treatment had a similar effect on IBS-D rats. CONCLUSIONS Acupuncture can effectively alleviate abdominal pain by decreasing visceral hypersensitivity and controlling the expression of P2X4 and spinal microglial inflammation in IBS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Yong Tang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Xi-Qiuyu Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Ran Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Cai-Feng Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Shun Huang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Ting Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei 230012, Anhui, China
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Abdelhameed RFA, Elhady SS, Sirwi A, Samir H, Ibrahim EA, Thomford AK, El Gindy A, Hadad GM, Badr JM, Nafie MS. Thonningia sanguinea Extract: Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities Supported by Chemical Composition and Molecular Docking Simulations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2156. [PMID: 34685963 PMCID: PMC8539418 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Thonningia sanguinea whole-plant extract. The total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and found to be 980.1 mg/g, calculated as gallic acid equivalents. The antioxidant capacity was estimated for the crude extract and the phenolic portion of T. sanguinea, whereupon both revealed a dose-dependent scavenging rate of DPPH• with EC50 values of 36.33 and 11.14 µg/mL, respectively. Chemical profiling of the plant extract was achieved by LC-ESI-TOF-MS/MS analysis, where 17 compounds were assigned, including ten compounds detected in the negative mode and seven detected in the positive mode. The phenolic portion exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 16.67 and 13.51 μg/mL, respectively. Phenolic extract treatment caused apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, with total apoptotic cell death 18.45-fold higher compared to untreated controls, arresting the cell cycle at G2/M by increasing the G2 population by 39.7%, compared to 19.35% for the control. The apoptotic investigation was further validated by the upregulation of proapoptotic genes of P53, Bax, and caspases-3,8 9, and the downregulation of Bcl-2 as the anti-apoptotic gene. Bcl-2 inhibition was also virtualized by good binding interactions through a molecular docking study. Taken together, phenolic extract exhibited promising cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 cells through apoptosis induction and antioxidant activation, so further fractionation studies are recommended for the phenolic extract for specifying the most active compound to be developed as a novel anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Hanan Samir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.S.); (E.A.I.); (A.E.G.); (G.M.H.)
- Medical Administration, Student’s Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.S.); (E.A.I.); (A.E.G.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Ama Kyeraa Thomford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana;
| | - Alaa El Gindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.S.); (E.A.I.); (A.E.G.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Ghada M. Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (H.S.); (E.A.I.); (A.E.G.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Jihan M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
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Nageen B, Rasul A, Hussain G, Shah MA, Anwar H, Hussain SM, Uddin MS, Sarfraz I, Riaz A, Selamoglu Z. Jaceosidin: A Natural Flavone with Versatile Pharmacological and Biological Activities. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:456-466. [PMID: 32348212 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200429095101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nature always remains an inexhaustible source of treasures for mankind. It remains a mystery for every challenge until the completion of the challenge. While we talk about the complicated health issues, nature offers us a great variety of chemical scaffolds and their various moieties packed in the form of natural products e.g., plants, microorganisms (fungi, algae, protozoa), and terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates. This review article is an update about jaceosidin, a bioactive flavone, from genus Artemisia. This potentially active compound exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, antiallergic and anti-cancer activities. The bioactivities and the therapeutic action of jaceosidin, especially the modulation of different cell signaling pathways (ERK1/2, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt and ATM-Chk1/2) which become deregulated in various pathological disorders, have been focused here. The reported data suggest that the bioavailability of this anti-cancer compound should be enhanced by utilizing various chemical, biological and computational techniques. Moreover, it is recommended that researchers and scientists should work on exploring the mode of action of this particular flavone to precede it further as a potent anti-cancer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Nageen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed M Hussain
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Campus 51240, Nigde, Turkey
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Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) has become a serious global health issue and a huge clinical challenge without available effective treatment. P2 receptors family is involved in pain transmission and represents a promising target for pharmacological intervention. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains multiple components which are effective in targeting different pathological mechanisms involved in NP. Different from traditional analgesics, which target a single pathway, TCMs take the advantage of multiple components and multiple targets, and can significantly improve the efficacy of treatment and contribute to the prediction of the risks of NP. Compounds of TCM acting at nucleotide P2 receptors in neurons and glial cells could be considered as a potential research direction for moderating neuropathic pain. This review summarized the recently published data and highlighted several TCMs that relieved NP by acting at P2 receptors.
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García-Salinas S, Evangelopoulos M, Gámez-Herrera E, Arruebo M, Irusta S, Taraballi F, Mendoza G, Tasciotti E. Electrospun anti-inflammatory patch loaded with essential oils for wound healing. Int J Pharm 2020; 577:119067. [PMID: 31981705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process that consists of three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. A bacterial infection can increase inflammation and delay this process. Microorganisms are closely related to the innate immune system, such as macrophages and neutrophils, as they can start an inflammatory cascade. Essential oils play an important role in the inhibition and prevention of bacterial growth due to their ability to reduce antimicrobial resistance. The possibility to find a strategy that combines antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties is particularly appealing for wound healing. In this work, we showcase a variety of patches based on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers loaded with natural compounds derived from essential oils, such as thymol (THY) and tyrosol (TYR), to achieve reduced inflammation. In addition, we compared the effect these essential oils have on activated macrophages when incorporated into the PCL patch. Specifically, we demonstrate that PCL-THY resulted in more efficient down-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes related to the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κb) pathway when compared to PCL-TYR and the combination patch containing TYR and THY (i.e., PCL-TYR-THY). Furthermore, PCL-THY displayed low affinity for cell attachment, which may hinder wound adherence and integration. Overall, our results indicate that THY-loaded patches could serve as promising candidates for the fabrication of dressings that incorporate bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties while simultaneously avoiding the limitations of traditional antibiotic-loaded devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Salinas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Enrique Gámez-Herrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Saldanha AA, Vieira L, de Oliveira FM, Lopes DDO, Ribeiro RIMDA, Thomé RG, Dos Santos HB, Silva DB, Carollo CA, de Siqueira JM, Soares AC. Anti-inflammatory and central and peripheral anti-nociceptive activities of α-asarone through the inhibition of TNF-α production, leukocyte recruitment and iNOS expression, and participation of the adenosinergic and opioidergic systems. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:1039-1052. [PMID: 31865494 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-asarone has been found to possess many pharmacological activities, which can improve cognitive function and exert anti-oxidant, anxiolytic, anti-epileptic and protective effects against endothelial cell injury. The anti-inflammatory activity of α-asarone was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced paw oedema. Moreover, leukocyte migration, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were quantified in footpads. Formalin and LPS-induced thermal hyperalgesia models were generated using adenosinergic, opioidergic, serotonergic and muscarinic receptor antagonists. The effects on motor coordination were evaluated by means of the rota-rod test. Oral treatment (p.o.) with α-asarone (3 mg/kg) significantly inhibited paw oedema by 62.12 and 72.22%, 2 and 4 h post LPS injection, respectively. Alpha-asarone (3 mg/kg, p.o.) attenuated the inflammatory infiltrate 1, 3 and 6 h after LPS injection. Furthermore, α-asarone (3 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed iNOS expression and TNF-α production, 6 and 1 h after inflammatory stimulus, respectively. Alpha-asarone (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited both phases of formalin-induced licking. In the hot-plate test, α-asarone (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the latency to response 3 and 5 h post LPS stimulus. Caffeine and naloxone abolished the central anti-nociceptive effect of α-asarone (neurogenic phase of formalin and hot plate tests), suggesting the participation of the adenosinergic and opioidergic systems. Furthermore, naloxone reversed the peripheral activity of α-asarone (inflammatory phase of formalin test), indicating the possible involvement of the opioidergic pathway. In the rota-rod test, α-asarone did not change motor coordination. These findings suggest that α-asarone has anti-inflammatory, peripheral and central anti-nociceptive effects and could represent a promising agent for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida Saldanha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil.,Laboratório de Farmacognosia/Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Letícia Vieira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil
| | | | - Débora de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos (LAPROTEC), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Hélio Batista Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Processamento de Tecidos (LAPROTEC), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - João Máximo de Siqueira
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia/Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Soares
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Inflamação, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil.
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Human disorders associated with inflammation and the evolving role of natural products to overcome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:272-309. [PMID: 31255927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological function which triggered after the mechanical tissue disruption or from the responses by the incidence of physical, chemical or biological negotiator in body. These responses are essential act provided by the immune system during infection and tissue injury to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. Inflammation is a quite complicated process at molecular level with the involvement of several proinflammatory expressions. Several health problems are associated with prolonged inflammation, which effects nearly all major to minor diseases. The molecular and epidemiological studies jagged that the inflammation is closely associated with several disorders with their specific targets. It would be great achievement for human health around the world to overcome on inflammation. Mostly used anti-inflammatory drugs are at high risk of side effects and also expensive. Hence, the plant-based formulations gained a wide acceptance by the public and medical experts to treat it. Due to extensive dispersal, chemical diversity and systematically established biological potentials of natural products have induced renewed awareness as a gifted source for medications. However, today's urgent need to search for cheaper, more potent and safe anti-inflammatory medications to overcome on current situation. The goal of this review to compile an update on inflammation, associated diseases, molecular targets, inflammatory mediators and role of natural products. The entire text concise the involvement of various cytokines in pathogenesis of various human disorders. This assignment discussed about 321 natural products with their promising anti-inflammatory potential discovered during January 2009 to December 2018 with 262 citations.
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ATP/P2X7 receptor signaling as a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204229. [PMID: 30248132 PMCID: PMC6152980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells, such as macrophages, respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to secrete various inflammatory mediators. Recent studies have suggested that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), released extracellularly from damaged or immune cells, also play a role in the activation of inflammatory responses. In this study, to prevent excess inflammation, we focused on DAMPs-mediated signaling that promotes LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses, especially adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP)-triggered signaling through the ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R), as a potential new anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenols. We focused on the phenomenon that ATP accelerates the production of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, in LPS-stimulated J774.1 mouse macrophages. Using an siRNA-mediated knockdown and specific antagonist, it was found that the ATP-induced enhanced inflammatory responses were mediated through P2X7R. We then screened 42 polyphenols for inhibiting the ATP/P2X7R-induced calcium influx, and found that several polyphenols exhibited significant inhibitory effects. Especially, a flavonoid baicalein significantly inhibited ATP-induced inflammation, including interleukin-1β secretion, through inhibition of the ATP/P2X7R signaling. These findings suggest that ATP/P2X7R signaling plays an important role in excess inflammatory responses and could be a potential anti-inflammatory target of natural polyphenolic compounds.
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Khan RA. Natural products chemistry: The emerging trends and prospective goals. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:739-753. [PMID: 29991919 PMCID: PMC6036106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role and contributions of natural products chemistry in advancements of the physical and biological sciences, its interdisciplinary domains, and emerging of new avenues by providing novel applications, constructive inputs, thrust, comprehensive understanding, broad perspective, and a new vision for future is outlined. The developmental prospects in bio-medical, health, nutrition, and other interrelated sciences along with some of the emerging trends in the subject area are also discussed as part of the current review of the basic and core developments, innovation in techniques, advances in methodology, and possible applications with their effects on the sciences in general and natural products chemistry in particular. The overview of the progress and ongoing developments in broader areas of the natural products chemistry discipline, its role and concurrent economic and scientific implications, contemporary objectives, future prospects as well as impending goals are also outlined. A look at the natural products chemistry in providing scientific progress in various disciplines is deliberated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Manav Rachna International University, National Capital Region, Faridabad, HR 121 004, India
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Odeyemi SW, Afolayan AJ. Identification of Antidiabetic Compounds from Polyphenolic-rich Fractions of Bulbine abyssinica A. Rich Leaves. Pharmacognosy Res 2018; 10:72-80. [PMID: 29568191 PMCID: PMC5855377 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_55_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bulbine abyssinica has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities traditionally. Previous work suggested its antidiabetic properties, but information on the antidiabetic compounds is still lacking. Objective: The present research exertion was aimed to isolate and identify biologically active polyphenols from B. abyssinica leaves and to evaluate their efficacy on carbohydrate digesting enzymes. Materials and Methods: Fractionation of the polyphenolic contents from the methanolic extract of B. abyssinica leaves was executed by the silica gel column chromatography to yield different fractions. The antioxidant activities of these fractions were carried out against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In vitro antidiabetic experimentation was performed by evaluating the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory capacity. The isolated polyphenols were then identified using liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). Results: Out of the eight polyphenolic fractions (BAL 1–8), BAL-4 has the highest inhibitory activity against ABTS radicals whereas BAL-6 showed potent ferric ion-reducing capacity. BAL-5 was the most effective fraction with antidiabetic activity with IC50of 140.0 and 68.58 ± 3.2 μg/ml for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, respectively. All the fractions competitively inhibited α-amylase, BAL-5 and BAL-6 also inhibited α-glucosidase competitively, while BAL-4 and BAL-1 exhibited noncompetitive and near competitive inhibitions against α-glucosidase, respectively. The LC/MS analysis revealed the presence of carvone in all the fractions. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the isolated polyphenols from B. abyssinica. SUMMARY Polyphenols were successfully isolated and identified from Bulbine abyssinica leaves The isolated polyphenols are biologically active with high antioxidant as well as inhibitor of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes B. abyssinica can be a good source of amylase and glucosidase inhibitors B. abyssinica can be used as complementary or alternative therapeutic agents especially for the treatment of diabetes Carvone, quercetin, and psoralen could be the compounds responsible for the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Abbreviations Used: ABTS: 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, FRAP: Ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, LC/MS: Liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy, AGEs: Advanced glycation end products, TLC: Thin-layer chromatography, MeOH: Methanol, PNP-G: ρ-Nitrophenyl-α-D-Glucoside, R2: Coefficient of determination, mgQE: Milligram quercetin equivalent, mgTAE: Milligram tannic acid equivalent, mgCE: Milligram catechin equivalent, g: Gram
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Wale Odeyemi
- Department of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jiede Afolayan
- Department of Botany, Medicinal Plants and Economic Development Research Centre, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Antipurinergic therapy for autism-An in-depth review. Mitochondrion 2017; 43:1-15. [PMID: 29253638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Are the symptoms of autism caused by a treatable metabolic syndrome that traces to the abnormal persistence of a normal, alternative functional state of mitochondria? A small clinical trial published in 2017 suggests this is possible. Based on a new unifying theory of pathogenesis for autism called the cell danger response (CDR) hypothesis, this study of 10 boys, ages 5-14years, showed that all 5 boys who received antipurinergic therapy (APT) with a single intravenous dose of suramin experienced improvements in all the core symptoms of autism that lasted for 5-8weeks. Language, social interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive movements all improved. Two children who were non-verbal spoke their first sentences. None of these improvements were observed in the placebo group. Larger and longer studies are needed to confirm this promising discovery. This review introduces the concept of M2 (anti-inflammatory) and M1 (pro-inflammatory) mitochondria that are polarized along a functional continuum according to cell stress. The pathophysiology of the CDR, the complementary functions of M1 and M2 mitochondria, relevant gene-environment interactions, and the metabolic underpinnings of behavior are discussed as foundation stones for understanding the improvements in ASD behaviors produced by antipurinergic therapy in this small clinical trial.
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Del-Vechio-Vieira G, Santos BCS, Alves MS, Araújo ALA, Yamamoto CH, Pinto MAO, Kaplan MAC, Sousa OV. Bioactivities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches: antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2016; 88:1471-1484. [PMID: 27411067 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches. Phytochemical screening and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power methods. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail immersion assays; while the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy tests were performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation. The extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Expressive levels of total phenols and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect were quantified. At the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited the writhing, reduced both phases of paw licking time and increased the reaction time on the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of pain. In these doses, the paw edema, exudate volume and leucocyte mobilization were significantly reduced. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an active source of substances with antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, adding scientific support to the appropriate use in the Brazilian folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauciemar Del-Vechio-Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Bruna C S Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Silvana Alves
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Aílson L A Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Célia H Yamamoto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Míriam A O Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora C Kaplan
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Orlando V Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, São Pedro, Campus Universitário, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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Younis T, Khan MR, Sajid M, Majid M, Zahra Z, Shah NA. Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leaves reduced the level of inflammatory mediators during in vitro and in vivo studies. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:230. [PMID: 27430329 PMCID: PMC4949749 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Different parts of Fraxinus xanthoxyloides Wall. (Oleaceae) are used traditionally in the treatment of internal wounds, bone fracture, pain, jaundice, malaria and in pneumonia. These ailments involve protective and essential mechanisms of the organism in response to infection, injury and trauma. However, prolonged inflammation may lead to inflammatory disorders. The present investigation was carried to evaluate the crude methanol extract of F. xanthoxyloides leaves and its fractions for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Methods Methanol extract of F. xanthoxyloides leaves was fractionated through liquid-liquid partition on escalating polarity of solvents. Acetic acid and thermal responses were used to evaluate the analgesic effects of extract/fractions in rat. Anti-inflammatory effects were monitored through in vitro; TNF-α activated NFkB in 293/NFkB-Luc HEK cells and LPS-activated nitric oxide (NO) assay in RAW 264.7 cells. For in vivo studies carrageenan induced paw edema model was used in rat. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that chloroform fraction exhibited superior anti-inflammatory effects to other extract/fractions and therefore, was used in air pouch model in rat to estimate the inhibition in leukocyte migration and synthesis of inflammatory mediators. In addition, phytochemical investigation of crude extract was carried out by GC-MS analysis. Results GC-MS studies of crude extract revealed the presence of various classes of which terpenoids (26.61 %), lactam (16.47 %), esters (15.81 %), phenols (8.37 %), and steroid (6.91 %) constituted the major categories. Among the extracts chloroform fraction (200 mg/kg bw) significantly (P <0.001) increased the percent latency time (76.13 ± 4.49 %) in hot plate test after 120 min and decreased (P <0.001) the count of writhes (77.23 ± 5.64 %) as compared to other extracts. The in vitro studies indicated that chloroform fraction at 15 μg/ml more effectively inhibited the TNF-α induced synthesis of NFkB (85.0 ± 8.12 %, IC50 = 5.98 μg/ml) and LPS-instigated nitric oxide (78.23 ± 2.39 %, IC50 = 6.59 μg/ml) synthesis. Although all the extract/fractions showed a dose dependent increase in inhibition of edema formation however, chloroform fraction (4th h = 77.64 ± 3.04 %) at 200 mg/kg bw exhibited relatively higher (P <0.001) anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat. Moreover, chloroform fraction had the ability to decrease (P <0.001) the influx of leukocytes and the concentration of inflammatory mediators; TNF-α, NO, IL-6 and PGE2 in air pouch exudate. Conclusion The study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of F. xanthoxyloides leaves against the inflammatory disorders suggesting the presence of active constituents in chloroform fraction.
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Ziaei A, Sahranavard S, Gharagozlou MJ, Faizi M. Preliminary investigation of the effects of topical mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. and Ricinus communis L. leaves extract in treatment of osteoarthritis using MIA model in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:12. [PMID: 27142000 PMCID: PMC4855329 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Many plants have been introduced in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of different joint problems including knee pain. Topical application of the mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves (Henna) with aqueous extract of Ricinus communis L. leaves have been mentioned to have significant effects on reducing knee pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the mixture of these two herbs in male rats. Methods We induced knee osteoarthritis as a model of chronic pain by intra-articular injection of mono sodium iodoacetate (MIA). Mechanical allodynia, hotplate latency test, spontaneous movements and gait analysis were used for the evaluation of analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter and the volume of the injected paw compared to contralateral paw. These tests were monitored at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of MIA administration. Histopathological evaluations were also used to assess the efficacy of the treatment on inflammation and lesions in knee tissue. In all tests, diclofenac topical gel was used as a positive control. The herbal extracts, their mixture, and vehicle or diclofenac gel were administered daily for 14 days by topical route. Results The mixture of these two extracts significantly reduced the knee joint width and volume of the injected paws and also improved foot prints in gait analysis after 3 days of MIA injection. Analysis of mechanical allodynia (after 21 days), hotplate latency test (after 10 days), spontaneous movements (after 7 days) and in positive control group (after 3 days in all tests and in mechanical allodynia after 14 days) compared to the vehicle group, showed significant effects. Topical usage of the selected formulation made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Compared to the vehicle group, the tests and diclofenac groups showed less reactions characterized by negligible edema and a few scattered inflammatory lymphoid cells. Conclusion The present findings showed that the present formulation not only was able to mitigate pain and inflammation in the paws but also made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Further studies are necessary to confirm the effect of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Ziaei
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Weng ZJ, Wu LY, Zhou CL, Dou CZ, Shi Y, Liu HR, Wu HG. Effect of electroacupuncture on P2X3 receptor regulation in the peripheral and central nervous systems of rats with visceral pain caused by irritable bowel syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:321-9. [PMID: 25809868 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the purinergic receptor P2X3 in the peripheral and central nervous systems during acupuncture treatment for the visceral pain of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A total of 24 8-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) neonatal male rats (SPF grade) were stimulated using colorectal distention (CRD) when the rats were awake. The modeling lasted for 2 weeks with one stimulation per day. After 6 weeks, the rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight each: (1) the normal group (NG, n = 8); (2) the model group (MG, n = 8); and (3) the model + electroacupuncture group (EA, n = 8) that received electroacupuncture at a needling depth of 5 mm at the Shangjuxu (ST37, bilateral) and Tianshu (ST25, bilateral) acupoints. The parameters of the Han's acupoint nerve stimulator (HANS) were as follows: sparse-dense wave with a frequency of 2/100 Hz, current of 2 mA, 20 min/stimulation, and one stimulation per day; the treatment was provided for seven consecutive days. At the sixth week after the treatment, the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was determined; immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of the P2X3 receptor in myenteric plexus neurons, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex; and, a real-time PCR assay was performed to measure the expression of P2X3 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord. After stimulation with CRD, the expression levels of the P2X3 receptor in the inter-colonic myenteric plexus, DRG, spinal cord, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex were upregulated, and the sensitivity of the rats to IBS visceral pain was increased. Electroacupuncture (EA) could downregulate the expression of the P2X3 receptor and ease the sensitivity to visceral pain. The P2X3 receptor plays an important role in IBS visceral pain. The different levels of P2X3 in the peripheral enteric nervous system and central nervous system mediate the effects of the EA treatment of the visceral hyperalgesia of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Weng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, 650 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Ochoa-Cortes F, Liñán-Rico A, Jacobson KA, Christofi FL. Potential for developing purinergic drugs for gastrointestinal diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:1259-87. [PMID: 24859298 PMCID: PMC4340257 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, or motility disorders are not adequate, and purinergic drugs offer exciting new possibilities. Gastrointestinal symptoms that could be targeted for therapy include visceral pain, inflammatory pain, dysmotility, constipation, and diarrhea. The focus of this review is on the potential for developing purinergic drugs for clinical trials to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. Purinergic receptors are divided into adenosine P1 (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), A(3)), ionotropic ATP-gated P2X ion channel (P2X(1-7)), or metabotropic P2Y(1,2,4,6,11-14) receptors. There is good experimental evidence for targeting A(2A), A(2B), A(3), P2X(7), and P2X(3) receptors or increasing endogenous adenosine levels to treat IBD, inflammatory pain, IBS/visceral pain, inflammatory diarrhea, and motility disorders. Purine genes are also potential biomarkers of disease. Advances in medicinal chemistry have an accelerated pace toward clinical trials: Methotrexate and sulfasalazine, used to treat IBD, act by stimulating CD73-dependent adenosine production. ATP protects against NSAID-induced enteropathy and has pain-relieving properties in humans. A P2X(7)R antagonist AZD9056 is in clinical trials for Crohn's disease. A(3) adenosine receptor drugs target inflammatory diseases (e.g., CF101, CF102). Dipyridamole, a nucleoside uptake inhibitor, is in trials for endotoxemia. Drugs for pain in clinical trials include P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) (AF-219) and P2X(7) (GSK1482160) antagonists and A(1) (GW493838) or A(2A) (BVT.115959) agonists. Iberogast is a phytopharmacon targeting purine mechanisms with efficacy in IBS and functional dyspepsia. Purinergic drugs have excellent safety/efficacy profile for prospective clinical trials in IBD, IBS, functional dyspepsia, and inflammatory diarrhea. Genetic polymorphisms and caffeine consumption may affect susceptibility to treatment. Further studies in animals can clarify mechanisms and test new generation drugs. Finally, there is still a huge gap in our knowledge of human pathophysiology of purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andromeda Liñán-Rico
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Molecular Recognition Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | - Fievos L. Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Adamson SE, Leitinger N. The role of pannexin1 in the induction and resolution of inflammation. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1416-22. [PMID: 24642372 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is an important signaling molecule throughout the inflammatory cascade, serving as a danger signal that causes activation of the inflammasome, enhancement of immune cell infiltration, and fine-tuning of several signaling cascades including those important for the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies demonstrated that ATP can be released from cells in a controlled manner through pannexin (Panx) channels. Panx1-mediated ATP release is involved in inflammasome activation and neutrophil/macrophage chemotaxis, activation of T cells, and a role for Panx1 in inducing and propagating inflammation has been demonstrated in various organs, including lung and the central and peripheral nervous system. The recognition and clearance of dying cells and debris from focal points of inflammation is critical in the resolution of inflammation, and Panx1-mediated ATP release from dying cells has been shown to recruit phagocytes. Moreover, extracellular ATP can be broken down by ectonucleotidases into ADP, AMP, and adenosine, which is critical in the resolution of inflammation. Together, Panx1, ATP, purinergic receptors, and ectonucleotidases contribute to important feedback loops during the inflammatory response, and thus represent promising candidates for new therapies.
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Sen T, Samanta SK. Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: a broad review. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 147:59-110. [PMID: 25001990 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity contributes significantly towards human livelihood and development and thus plays a predominant role in the well being of the global population. According to WHO reports, around 80 % of the global population still relies on botanical drugs; today several medicines owe their origin to medicinal plants. Natural substances have long served as sources of therapeutic drugs, where drugs including digitalis (from foxglove), ergotamine (from contaminated rye), quinine (from cinchona), and salicylates (willow bark) can be cited as some classical examples.Drug discovery from natural sources involve a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques. Accordingly, medicinal-plant-based drug discovery still remains an important area, hitherto unexplored, where a systematic search may definitely provide important leads against various pharmacological targets.Ironically, the potential benefits of plant-based medicines have led to unscientific exploitation of the natural resources, a phenomenon that is being observed globally. This decline in biodiversity is largely the result of the rise in the global population, rapid and sometimes unplanned industrialization, indiscriminate deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources, pollution, and finally global climate change.Therefore, it is of utmost importance that plant biodiversity be preserved, to provide future structural diversity and lead compounds for the sustainable development of human civilization at large. This becomes even more important for developing nations, where well-planned bioprospecting coupled with nondestructive commercialization could help in the conservation of biodiversity, ultimately benefiting mankind in the long run.Based on these findings, the present review is an attempt to update our knowledge about the diverse therapeutic application of different plant products against various pharmacological targets including cancer, human brain, cardiovascular function, microbial infection, inflammation, pain, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhinadri Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India,
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Physiological roles and potential therapeutic applications of the P2X7 receptor in inflammation and pain. Molecules 2013; 18:10953-72. [PMID: 24013409 PMCID: PMC6270334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a nonselective cation channel that is activated by extracellular ATP and triggers the secretion of several proinflammatory substances, such as IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and nitric oxide. Recently, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that this receptor participates in inflammation and pain mechanisms. Taken together, these results indicate that P2X7R is a promising pharmacological target, and compounds that modulate the function of this receptor show potential as new anti-inflammatory medicines. In this review, we discuss aspects of P2X7R pharmacology and the participation of this protein in inflammation and pain and provide an overview of some promising compounds that have been tested as antagonists of P2X7R, with clinical applicability.
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