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Li H, Wang Y, Zhao P, Guo L, Huang L, Li X, Gao W. Naturally and chemically acetylated polysaccharides: Structural characteristics, synthesis, activities, and applications in the delivery system: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120746. [PMID: 37182931 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetylated polysaccharides refer to polysaccharides containing acetyl groups on sugar units. In the past, the acetylation modification of wall polysaccharides has been a hot research topic for scientists. However, in recent years, many studies have reported that acetylation-modified plant, animal, and microbial polysaccharide show great potential in delivery systems. From the latest perspective, this review systematically presents the different sources of naturally acetylated polysaccharides, the regularity of their modification, the chemical preparation of acetylation modifications, the biological activities and functions of acetylated polysaccharides, and the application in the delivery system. In nature, acetylated polysaccharides are extensively distributed in plants, microorganism, and animals. The level of acetylation modification, the distribution of chains, and the locations of acetylation modification sites differ between species. An increasing number of acetylated polysaccharides were prepared in the aqueous medium, which is safe, environment friendly, and low-cost. In addition to being necessary for plant growth and development, acetylated polysaccharides have immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The above-mentioned multiple sources, multifunctional and multi-active acetylated polysaccharides, make them an increasingly important part of delivery systems. We conclude by discussing the future directions for research and development and the potential uses for acetylated polysaccharides.
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Design and optimization of metformin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for neuroprotective effects in a rat model of diffuse traumatic brain injury: A biochemical, behavioral, and histological study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:122-135. [PMID: 36307002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Following traumatic brain injury, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, ischemia, and energy crisis can cause mortality or long-term morbidity. As an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, metformin reduces the secondary injuries of traumatic brain injury by compensating for the lack of energy in damaged cells. But the blood-brain barrier prevents a hydrophilic drug such as metformin from penetrating the brain tissue. Solid lipid nanoparticles with their lipid nature can cross the blood-brain barrier and solve this challenge. so This study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin-loaded lipid nanoparticles (NanoMet) for drug delivery to the brain and reduce complications from traumatic brain injury. METHOD Different formulations of NanoMet were designed by Box-Behnken, and after formulation, particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were investigated. For in vivo study, Male rats were divided into eight groups, and except for the intact and sham groups, the other groups underwent brain trauma by the Marmarou method. After the intervention, the Veterinary Coma Scale, Vestibular Motor function, blood-brain barrier integrity, cerebral edema, level of inflammatory cytokines, and histopathology of brain tissue were assessed. RESULTS The optimal formula had a size of 282.2 ± 9.05 nm, a zeta potential of -1.65 ± 0.33 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 60.61 ± 6.09% which released the drug in 1400 min. Concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/kg of this formula improved the consequences of trauma. CONCLUSION This study showed that nanoparticles could help target drug delivery to the brain and apply the desired result.
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Partheniadis I, Koukourikou M, Tsalavouti D, Nikolakakis I. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro release of microencapsulated essential oil hydroxyapatite pellets filled into multifunctional capsules. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Čierna M, Mučaji P, Špaglová M, Čuchorová M, Macho O. Chitosan and Sodium Alginate Implementation as Pharmaceutical Excipients in Multiple-Unit Particulate Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142822. [PMID: 35890597 PMCID: PMC9316923 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare and evaluate pellets containing acyclovir as a model drug. Pellets were prepared by the extrusion–spheronization process. Aqueous solutions of natural marine polymers (sodium alginate, chitosan) were compared to semi-synthetic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in the role of binders. The study focused on the characterization of the pellet properties that are crucial for the formulation of the final dosage form, such as in multi-unit pellet system (MUPS) tablets or hard gelatin capsules filled with the pellets. Finally, the mentioned dosage forms were tested for drug dissolution. The morphology of pellets observed by scanning electron microscopy correlated with the shape evaluation performed by dynamic image analysis. Sodium alginate pellets exhibited the lowest value of sphericity (0.93), and many elongated rods and dumbbells were observed in this batch. Chitosan pellets had the highest value of sphericity (0.97) and were also less rough on the surface. The pellets maintained a constant surface geometry during the dissolution studies; they only reduced in size. The most significant reduction in size and weight was assessed after 2 h of dissolution testing. This fact was in line with the drug release from pellets in capsules or MUPS tablets, which was massive during the first hour, in both cases. The dissolution profiles of all of the batches were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Čierna
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.Š.); (M.Č.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavel Mučaji
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Miroslava Špaglová
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.Š.); (M.Č.)
| | - Mária Čuchorová
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.Š.); (M.Č.)
| | - Oliver Macho
- Institute of Process Enginering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 812 31 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Zhang Q, Tong J, Zhou W, Zhong Z, Hu Q, Ma Q, Long H, Wu S, Shi X, Ye Q. Antibacterial and antioxidant chitosan nanoparticles improve the preservation effect for donor kidneys in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Farmoudeh A, enayatifard R, Saeedi M, Talavaki F, Ghasemi M, Akbari J, Nokhodchi A. Methylene blue loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation, optimization, and in-vivo burn healing assessment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Advances in the colon-targeted chitosan based drug delivery systems for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Partheniadis I, Nikolakakis I, Zacharis CK, Kachrimanis K, Al-Zoubi N. Co-Spray Drying of Paracetamol and Propyphenazone with Polymeric Binders for Enabling Compaction and Stability Improvement in a Combination Tablet. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081259. [PMID: 34452221 PMCID: PMC8399363 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol (PCT) and propyphenazone (PRP) are analgesic drugs that are often combined in a single dosage form for enhanced pharmacological action. In this work, PCT and PRP were co-spray dried separately with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) using drug suspensions in polymer solutions as feed liquids. It was thought that because of polymer adherence to the surface of drug particles, the risk of PCT–PRP contact and interaction could be reduced. Such interaction may be caused by localized temperature gradients due to frictional forces during tableting, or during storage under harsh conditions. A worst-case scenario would be eutectic formation due to variations in powder mixture homogeneity since eutectic and therapeutic mass PCT/PRP ratios are close (65:35 and 60:40, respectively) and eutectic temperature is low (~56 °C). Uniform particle size, round shape, compaction improvement and faster release of the analgesics were important additional benefits of co-spray drying. Experimental design was first applied for each drug to optimize the polymer concentration on the yield of spray drying and melting point separation (Δmp) of heated binary mixtures of co-spray dried PCT/neat PRP, and vice versa, with the two drugs always included at their therapeutic 60:40 ratio. Optimal combinations with largest Δmp and production yield were: co-spray dried PCT (15% HPC) with neat PRP and co-spray dried PRP (10% HPMC) with neat PCT. Compression studies of these combinations showed tableting improvement due to the polymers, as reflected in greater work of compaction and solid fraction, greater fracture toughness and tablet strength, easier tablet detachment from the punch surface and ejectability. Faster release of both drugs was obtained from the tablet of co-spray dried PCT (15% HPC) with neat PRP. A one-month stability test (75% RH/40 °C) showed moisture-induced alteration tablet strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Partheniadis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997635
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Nizar Al-Zoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, 13133 Zarqa, Jordan;
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Preparation of delayed-release multiparticulate formulations of diclofenac sodium and evaluation of their dissolution characteristics using biorelevant dissolution methods. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Arora U, Thakkar V, Baldaniya L, Gohel MC. Fabrication and evaluation of fast disintegrating pellets of cilostazol. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1927-1946. [PMID: 33026265 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1826509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to formulate and develop fast disintegrating pellets of poorly soluble model drug (cilostazol) by reducing the proportion of micro-crystalline cellulose with pre-gelatinized starch (PGS), lactose and chitosan. The bioavailability enhancement of a model drug was achieved by preparing inclusion complex with Captisol® (Sulfobutyl Ether β cyclodextrin - SBE-β-CD). Extrusion-spheronization technique was used to formulate pellets. Placket-Burman design was used for the initial screening of most significant factors such as screen size (mm), ratio of micro crystalline cellulose: PGS + lactose + chitosan and % of HPMC which affects pellet properties. The inclusion complex of drug and Captisol® (SBE-β-CD) was prepared by Solvent Evaporation method and were incorporated into pellets in a predefined proportion. Formulation was optimized by using 32 full factorial design, the optimized batch was selected on the basis of dependent variables such as % yield, pellet size, disintegration time and % Cumulative drug release (%CDR), the obtained results were 87.15%, 0.75 mm, 13 min and 91.024% respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) study revealed no significant interaction between drug and polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed uniform and spherical shaped pellets having pores on the surface which facilitates wicking action and fast disintegrating property of pellets. A design space was constructed to meet the desirable target and optimized batch. The scope of study can further extended to hydrophobic molecules which may useful due to rapid disintegration and enhanced dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Arora
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishali Thakkar
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalji Baldaniya
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukesh C Gohel
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
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Evaluation of Experimental Multi-Particulate Polymer-Coated Drug Delivery Systems with Meloxicam. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are the development and evaluation of modified release multi-particulate drug delivery systems containing a BCS class II drug (meloxicam), formulated as polymer-coated pellets. Inert seeds containing microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared by extrusion-spheronization. The obtained cores were loaded with meloxicam using the drug layering technique, by spray coating in a fluidized bed with a liquid dispersion of the drug. The resulting drug pellets were film-coated with various polymers (Acryl-EZE® 93O, Eudragit® RS 30-D as well as experimental composite obtained by adding Methocel™ E5 Premium LV as pore forming agent to the extended release polymer Eudragit® RS 30-D). All experimental systems were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and in vitro release testing, in an attempt to investigate the characteristics of the film coatings and their influence on drug release from the multi-particulate systems. The in vitro release study was performed in two stages, using two media with pH values corresponding to the gastric and intestinal environment (HCl 0.1N, pH = 1.2 for the first two hours of the test and phosphate buffer 50 mM, pH 6.8 for the next 4 h). The in vitro release data have highlighted the impact of the formulation factors on the drug release.
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Barmpalexis P, Partheniadis I, Mitra KS, Toskas M, Papadopoulou L, Nikolakakis I. Application of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks for the Prediction of the Packing and Capsule Filling Performance of Coated and Plain Pellets Differing in Density and Size. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030244. [PMID: 32182685 PMCID: PMC7150777 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plain or coated pellets of different densities 1.45, 2.53, and 3.61 g/cc in two size ranges, small (380-550 μm) and large (700-1200 μm) (stereoscope/image analysis), were prepared according to experimental design using extrusion/spheronization. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict packing indices and capsule filling performance from the "apparent" pellet density (helium pycnometry). The dynamic packing of the pellets in tapped volumetric glass cylinders was evaluated using Kawakita's parameter a and the angle of internal flow θ. The capsule filling was evaluated as maximum fill weight (CFW) and fill weight variation (FWV) using a semi-automatic machine that simulated filling with vibrating plate systems. The pellet density influenced the packing parameters a and θ as the main effect and the CFW and FWV as statistical interactions with the coating. The pellet size and coating also displayed interacting effects on CFW, FWV, and θ. After coating, both small and large pellets behaved the same, demonstrating smooth filling and a low fill weight variation. Furthermore, none of the packing indices could predict the fill weight variation for the studied pellets, suggesting that the filling and packing of capsules with free-flowing pellets is influenced by details that were not accounted for in the tapping experiments. A prediction could be made by the application of MLR and ANNs. The former gave good predictions for the bulk/tap densities, θ, CFW, and FWV (R-squared of experimental vs. theoretical data >0.951). A comparison of the fitting models showed that a feed-forward backpropagation ANN model with six hidden units was superior to MLR in generalizing ability and prediction accuracy. The simplification of the ANN via magnitude-based pruning (MBP) and optimal brain damage (OBD), showed good data fitting, and therefore the derived ANN model can be simplified while maintaining predictability. These findings emphasize the importance of pellet density in the overall capsule filling process and the necessity to implement MLR/ANN into the development of pellet capsule filling operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (I.P.); (K.-S.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Ioannis Partheniadis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (I.P.); (K.-S.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Konstantina-Sepfora Mitra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (I.P.); (K.-S.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Miltiadis Toskas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (I.P.); (K.-S.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Labrini Papadopoulou
- Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, School of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.B.); (I.P.); (K.-S.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +302310997635
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Spizzirri UG. Functional Polymers for Controlled Drug Release. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E135. [PMID: 32033469 PMCID: PMC7076493 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the pharmaceutical application of hydrophilic materials has emerged as one of the most significant trends in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende (CS), Italy
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