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Grosso R, Benito E, Carbajo-Gordillo AI, Díaz MJ, García-Martín MG, de-Paz MV. Advanced interpenetrating polymer networks for innovative gastroretentive formulations targeting Helicobacter pylori gastric colonization. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106840. [PMID: 38909691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The escalating challenges of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric complications, driven by rising antibiotic resistance and persistent cancer risks, underscore the demand for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study addresses this urgency through the development of tailored semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) serving as gastroretentive matrices for amoxicillin (AMOX). They are biodegradable, absorb significant volume of simulated gastric fluid (swelling index > 360 %) and exhibit superporous microstructures, remarkable mucoadhesion, and buoyancy. The investigation includes assessment at pH 1.2 for comparative analysis with prior studies and, notably, at pH 5.0, reflecting the acidic environment in H. pylori-infected stomachs. The semi-IPN demonstrated gel-like structures, maintaining integrity throughout the 24-hour controlled release study, and disintegrating upon completing their intended function. Evaluated in gastroretentive drug delivery system performance, AMOX release at pH 1.2 and pH 5.0 over 24 h (10 %-100 %) employed experimental design methodology, elucidating dominant release mechanisms. Their mucoadhesive, buoyant, three-dimensional scaffold stability, and gastric biodegradability make them ideal for accommodating substantial AMOX quantities. Furthermore, exploring the inclusion of the potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) vonoprazan (VONO) in AMOX-loaded formulations shows promise for precise and effective drug delivery. This innovative approach has the potential to combat H. pylori infections, thereby preventing the gastric cancer induced by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grosso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, n. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Benito
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, n. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana I Carbajo-Gordillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, n. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | | | - M Gracia García-Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, n. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - M-Violante de-Paz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. García González, n. 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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2
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Marques AC, Costa PC, Velho S, Amaral MH. Rheological and Injectability Evaluation of Sterilized Poloxamer-407-Based Hydrogels Containing Docetaxel-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles. Gels 2024; 10:307. [PMID: 38786224 PMCID: PMC11121564 DOI: 10.3390/gels10050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have the potential to increase the bioavailability and reduce the side effects of docetaxel (DTX). However, only a small fraction of nanoparticles given intravenously can reach a solid tumor. In situ-forming gels combined with nanoparticles facilitate local administration and promote drug retention at the tumor site. Injectable hydrogels based on poloxamer 407 are excellent candidates for this hybrid nanoparticle-hydrogel system because of their thermoresponsive behavior and biocompatibility. Therefore, this work aimed to develop injectable poloxamer hydrogels containing NLCs for intratumoral delivery of DTX. To ensure sterility, the obtained hydrogels were autoclaved (121 °C for 15 min) after preparation. Then, the incorporation of NLCs into the poloxamer hydrogels and the impact of steam sterilization on the nanocomposite hydrogels were evaluated concerning sol-gel transition, injectability, and physicochemical stability. All formulations were extruded through the tested syringe-needle systems with acceptable force (2.2-13.4 N) and work (49.5-317.7 N·mm) of injection. Following steam sterilization, injection became easier in most cases, and the physicochemical properties of all hydrogels remained practically unchanged according to the spectroscopical and thermal analysis. The rheological evaluation revealed that the nanocomposite hydrogels were liquid at 25 °C and underwent rapid gelation at 37 °C. However, their sterilized counterparts gelled at 1-2 °C above body temperature, suggesting that the autoclaving conditions employed had rendered these nanocomposite hydrogels unsuitable for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Camila Marques
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S—Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Amaral
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Spennacchio A, Lopalco A, Racaniello GF, Cutrignelli A, la Forgia FM, Fontana S, Cristofori F, Francavilla R, Lopedota AA, Denora N. Mucoadhesive Budesonide Solution for the Treatment of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:550. [PMID: 38794121 PMCID: PMC11124118 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic Esophagitis is an antigen-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by thickening of the esophageal wall, leading to dysphagia, vomiting, reflux, and abdominal pain. This disease can be treated with a therapeutic approach ranging from diet to pharmacological therapy. Jorveza® (budesonide) and Dupixent® (dupilumab) are treatments for Eosinophilic Esophagitis approved by the European Medicines Agency in adults but not in children. Budesonide-based extemporaneous oral liquid suspensions could be prepared for pediatric use. The main limit of this formulation is that budesonide needs a longer residence time on the esophageal mucosa to solubilize and diffuse in it to exert its local anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, we propose the development of an extemporaneous mucoadhesive oral budesonide solution for the pediatric population. A liquid vehicle containing hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a complexing agent and carboxymethylcellulose sodium as a mucoadhesive excipient was used to prepare budesonide-based formulations. A stable solution at a concentration of 0.7 mg/mL was successfully prepared and characterized. The formulation showed rheological and mucoadhesive properties suitable for an Eosinophilic Esophagitis local prolonged treatment. In this way, pharmacists can prepare stable budesonide-based mucoadhesive solutions, providing both patients and physicians with a new therapeutic option for Eosinophilic Esophagitis pediatric treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Spennacchio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.L.); (G.F.R.); (A.C.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.L.); (G.F.R.); (A.C.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Francesco Racaniello
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.L.); (G.F.R.); (A.C.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.L.); (G.F.R.); (A.C.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Flavia Maria la Forgia
- Centro Studi e Ricerche “Dr. S. Fontana 1900–1982”, Farmalabor s.r.l., 76012 Canosa di Puglia, Italy; (F.M.l.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Sergio Fontana
- Centro Studi e Ricerche “Dr. S. Fontana 1900–1982”, Farmalabor s.r.l., 76012 Canosa di Puglia, Italy; (F.M.l.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Paediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Paediatric Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Paediatric Hospital Giovanni XXIII, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.L.); (G.F.R.); (A.C.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.L.); (G.F.R.); (A.C.); (A.A.L.)
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Nguyen TN, Yoo SY, Tangchang W, Lee JY, Son HY, Park JS. Sustained delivery of triamcinolone acetonide from a thermosensitive microemulsion gel system for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2242003. [PMID: 37537864 PMCID: PMC10405762 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2242003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratympanic administration for the delivery of steroids has been extensively studied but limited because of low permeability of the drug through the row window membrane. Here, to effectively deliver poorly soluble triamcinolone acetonide (TA), microemulsions (ME) were prepared from Capmul MCM (oil), Cremophor RH40 (surfactant), and tetraglycol (cosurfactant) based on solubility studies, emulsifying ability test, and pseudoternary phase diagrams. Microemulsion gel (MEG) was prepared by mixing TA-ME with a poloxamer hydrogel base. The physicochemical properties of ME and MEG formulations were characterized, and the toxicity and oto-protective effectiveness were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The ME-3 formulation showed a small droplet size (16.5 ± 0.2 nm), narrow PDI (0.067 ± 0.041), and enhanced TA solubility (2619.7 ± 57.6 μg/g). The optimized MEG demonstrated temperature-dependent gelation with a gelation time of 208 ± 10 sec at 37 °C. Slow degradation of the gel matrix sustained release of TA from MEG compared to the ME formulation. Both TA-ME and TA-MEG were found to be nontoxic to NIH3T3 cells at the test concentrations (0 to 5 µg/mL), and biocompatible after intratympanic administration to mice. The incorporation of ME into thermosensitive hydrogels prolonged retention of TA at the site of administration until 6 days. As a consequence, the enhanced drug absorption into the cochlea in TA-MEG group (approximately 2 times higher than other groups) protected hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and stria vascular cells from cisplatin-induced damage. Therefore, this injectable TA-loaded MEG is an effective and safe vehicle for the sustained delivery of triamcinolone acetonide into the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Nhan Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeol Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Warisraporn Tangchang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Racaniello GF, Pistone M, Meazzini C, Lopedota A, Arduino I, Rizzi R, Lopalco A, Musazzi UM, Cilurzo F, Denora N. 3D printed mucoadhesive orodispersible films manufactured by direct powder extrusion for personalized clobetasol propionate based paediatric therapies. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123214. [PMID: 37423374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the development and production by Direct Powder Extrusion (DPE) 3D printing technique of novel oral mucoadhesive films delivering Clobetasol propionate (CBS), useful in paediatric treatment of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), a rare chronic disease. The DPE 3D printing of these dosage forms can allow the reduction of frequency regimen, the therapy personalization, and reduction of oral cavity administration discomfort. To obtain suitable mucoadhesive films, different polymeric materials, namely hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or polyethylene oxide blended with chitosan (CS), were tested and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was added to increase the CBS solubility. The formulations were tested in terms of mechanical, physico-chemical, and in vitro biopharmaceutical properties. The film showed a tenacious structure, with drug chemical-physical characteristics enhancement due to its partial amorphization during the printing stage and owing to cyclodextrins multicomponent complex formation. The presence of CS enhanced the mucoadhesive properties leading to a significant increase of drug exposure time on the mucosa. Finally, the printed films permeation and retention studies through porcine mucosae showed a marked retention of the drug inside the epithelium, avoiding drug systemic absorption. Therefore, DPE-printed films could represent a suitable technique for the preparation of mucoadhesive film potentially usable for paediatric therapy including OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Chiara Meazzini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Angela Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Amendola St. 122/o, Bari 70126, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Umberto M Musazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo, 71, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, Bari 70125, Italy.
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6
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Cases of drug repositioning in children's orphan drugs: Licenced drugs versus unlicenced magistral preparations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Mahmoud DB, Schulz-Siegmund M. Utilizing 4D Printing to Design Smart Gastroretentive, Esophageal, and Intravesical Drug Delivery Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 12:e2202631. [PMID: 36571721 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The breakthrough of 3D printing in biomedical research has paved the way for the next evolutionary step referred to as four dimensional (4D) printing. This new concept utilizes the time as the fourth dimension in addition to the x, y, and z axes with the idea to change the configuration of a printed construct with time usually in response to an external stimulus. This can be attained through the incorporation of smart materials or through a preset smart design. The 4D printed constructs may be designed to exhibit expandability, flexibility, self-folding, self-repair or deformability. This review focuses on 4D printed devices for gastroretentive, esophageal, and intravesical delivery. The currently unmet needs and challenges for these application sites are tried to be defined and reported on published solution concepts involving 4D printing. In addition, other promising application sites that may similarly benefit from 4D printing approaches such as tracheal and intrauterine drug delivery are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, 12311, Giza, Egypt
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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Lucendo AJ. Drug treatment strategies for eosinophilic esophagitis in adults. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:827-840. [PMID: 35379069 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2060077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinical and pathological disorder, characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction, and eosinophil-predominant inflammation restricted to the esophagus. Treatment outcomes include symptomatic remission, histological and endoscopic normalization and improving quality of life. Besides dietary modifications and endoscopic dilation, drugs available are swallowed topical corticosteroids (STCs) with reduced bioavailability and proton pump inhibitors (PPI). AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the current treatment strategies for EoE in adults, providing the reader with their expert perspectives. The authors give discussion to the value of PPIs as a first-line therapy for EoE, in addition to the use of STCs. The current development of new formulations of STCs targeting the esophagus and novel therapies aimed at blocking molecular pathways are also discussed. Finally, the authors briefly look at the value of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-5RA, IL-13, IL-4 or Siglec8, and oral S1PR agonists to the treatment of EoE. EXPERT OPINION Viscose formulations of STC designed to coat the esophagus and new effervescent orodispersible tablets provide increased effectiveness at low doses. Investigational therapies that target several Th2-associated diseases seem useful in EoE. Comparative effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will help to position them in a complex therapeutic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo J Lucendo
- Department of Gastroenterology. Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
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Formulations of Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis-Current Treatment and Emerging Possibilities. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051454. [PMID: 35268544 PMCID: PMC8910832 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder characterised by eosinophilic inflammation and esophageal dysfunction symptoms. The recommended first-line treatment options are proton pump inhibitors and swallowed topical steroids (STS). However, current recommendations regarding STS are based on relatively few studies employing various doses and formulations. Our aim was to review the STS formulations currently used in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis, to demonstrate in a practical way the variety of exiting application methods, and to present emerging options for STS delivery to the esophagus. After the literature review, we established that the three most commonly used STS formulations include mist from an inhaler, viscous suspensions compounded with vehicles for oral use, and a recently introduced proprietary medication in the form of orodispersible tablets. Several drug delivery technologies with potential use in EoE are under investigation. To ensure optimal adherence, the choice of formulation should be based on efficacy, patient preferences and experience of the clinician, as well as current recommendations. Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy and acceptability of existing STS types, and to develop new, well-tolerated and effective drug formulations.
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Krause J, Brokmann F, Rosenbaum C, Weitschies W. The challenges of drug delivery to the esophagus and how to overcome them. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:119-131. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2033206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Krause
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Brokmann
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Casiraghi A, Centin G, Selmin F, Picozzi C, Minghetti P, Zanon D. Critical Aspects in the Preparation of Extemporaneous Flecainide Acetate Oral Solution for Paediatrics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1963. [PMID: 34834378 PMCID: PMC8618881 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of liquid oral preparations compounded by pharmacists is essential to meet paediatric needs which remain unanswered by the pharmaceutical industry. Unfortunately, compendial monographs are often not available and, in many cases, pre-formulation studies (e.g., compatibility with other excipients and solubility evaluations) are not performed in-depth, leading, in some rare cases, to the inadvertent administration of a toxic dose. In this study, the preparation of an oral liquid formulation for paediatric use, containing flecainide acetate at different strengths, was considered, taking into account the possible effects of conventionally used excipients. First, the optimal vehicle was selected based on a solubility study, evidencing some unexpected formations of precipitates. As a matter of fact, the buffers commonly used for oral solutions significantly reduced flecainide solubility, and the concomitant presence of citrate buffer and methylparaben even caused the formation of non-resuspendable crystals. Then, chemical, physical, and microbiological stability were assessed. Solutions at strengths of 10 and 20 mg/mL flecainide acetate were stable up to 8 weeks when compounded by using a 40% sucrose solution as a vehicle. Microbiological data showed that the use of methylparaben was not necessary over this time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Giorgio Centin
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (G.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Francesca Selmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Claudia Picozzi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Davide Zanon
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (G.C.); (D.Z.)
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Variability in Practices of Compounding Budesonide for Eosinophilic Esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116:1336-1338. [PMID: 33538420 PMCID: PMC9161310 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the use of compounded steroids for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). METHODS We conducted a telephone survey of all compounding pharmacies in Michigan and queried about practices and costs of compounded budesonide for EoE. RESULTS Of 68 Michigan pharmacies, 93% responded, and 20 (29%) offer compounded budesonide suspension for EoE. Formulations, dose, and instructions for use varied across pharmacies. The mean cost for a 30-day supply was $74.50. DISCUSSION Although few compounding pharmacies offer budesonide suspension and there are substantial variations in formulations, this may be a significantly more affordable treatment option for many.
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13
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Zur E. Comment on Casiraghi et al. "Mucoadhesive Budesonide Formulation for the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis" 2020, 12, 211. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E829. [PMID: 32878016 PMCID: PMC7558643 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In their article, Casiraghi, A. et al. describe a few relevant methods to assess the quality of a pharmaceutical preparation of oral viscous budesonide, intended to be swallowed, and treat the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis patients. They choose the following methods for this purpose: rheological properties, syringeability, mucoadhesiveness, and in vitro penetration of budesonide in porcine esophageal tissue. At the end of the article, they concluded that the best formulation of oral viscous budesonide was the one already being used in hospitals, based on xanthan gum. In their article, the authors did not emphasize that this specific formula was developed by the compounding pharmacist Eyal Zur from Israel and was published eight years before, as part of an article in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding. The purpose of this comment is to give the appropriate credit to the pharmacist who first developed and published this well designed formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Zur
- Pharmaceutical Compounding Consultancy Agency: "Compounding Solutions", Tel-Mond 4062269, Israel
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Lunter DJ, Daniels R. Semisolid Dosage. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E315. [PMID: 32244827 PMCID: PMC7238201 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Already in ancient times, semisolid preparations for cutaneous application, popularly known as ointments, played an important role in human society [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Jasmin Lunter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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