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García-Almodóvar V, Ardiles PDR, Prashar S, Páez PL, Gómez-Ruiz S. Unleashing the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of silica-based nanomaterials functionalized with an organotin(IV) compound. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:9056-9073. [PMID: 39158729 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases caused by superbugs are expected to be the main cause of death worldwide within a decade as a consequence of the resistance they are acquiring to the antibiotics currently in use, therefore, the field of new antibacterial treatments is currently being thoroughly studied. The present work focuses on the synthesis, functionalization, characterization and antibacterial behaviour of different systems based on three different silica-based nanostructured materials (MSN, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, SBA-15 Santa Barbara amorphous-15 and FSP fibrous slica nanoparticles) which serve as scaffolds for the support of different platforms to target and treat bacterial diseases and biofilm formation. Thus, (3-carboxypropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (PPh3+) and a cytotoxic organotin(IV) fragment (Sn) have been incorporated in the silica-based materials to study their potential activity in different antibacterial applications. After a complete characterization of the synthesized systems, which confirmed the incorporation of both the targeting and the therapeutic fragments within the nanostructured materials, the antibacterial study of the materials demonstrated bactericidal capacity against Escherichia coli and perturbation of the bacteria metabolism via oxidative stress through an enhanced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production. In addition, biofilm inhibition and eradication tests of bacterial strains were carried out, showing that the activity of the materials in both biofilm inhibition and eradication is dependent on the concentration of the material. Furthemore, the material MSN-AP(1:1)-PPh3+-Sn containing the targeting triphenylphosphonium and a "SnPh3" fragment is capable of inhibiting and eradicating up to 50% of the formation of biofilms, which is outstanding for metallodrug-functionalized silica-based systems compared with other materials based on metal nanoparticles supported on silica. Finally, a hemolysis study was carried out with the nanostructured systems proving to be non-toxic, making them adequate for their subsequent use in preclinical trials through in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria García-Almodóvar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Perla Del Rosario Ardiles
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paulina Laura Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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Baran M, Onder GO, Goktepe O, Yay A. Role of apoptosis and autophagy in folic acid-induced cytotoxicity of human breast cancer cells in vitro. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:126-138. [PMID: 37587691 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Obstacles to the successful treatment of breast cancer patients with chemotherapeutic agents can be overcome with effective new strategies. It is still unclear how folic acid affects the onset and spread of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine how folic acid affected the apoptotic and autophagic pathways of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In the present study, folic acid was applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines at different concentrations and for different durations. MTT analysis was used to investigate cytotoxic activity. All groups underwent the Tunel staining procedure to identify apoptosis and the immunofluorescence staining approach to identify the autophagic pathway. 24-hour folic acid values were accepted as the most appropriate cytotoxic dose. In MCF-7, cell cycle arrest was observed in the S phase and MDA-MB-231 G1/G0 phases. When apoptotic TUNEL staining was evaluated in both cell lines, folic acid significantly increased apoptosis. While a significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of Beclin 1 immunoreactivity in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, there was no significant difference in the MCF-7 cell line. In addition, statistical significance was not observed LC3 immunoreactivity in both cell lines. In the study, it was observed that folic acid induced autophagy at the initial stage in the MDA-MB-231 cell line but had no inductive effect in the MCF-7 cell line. In conclusion, our findings showed that folic acid has a potential cytotoxic and therapeutic effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Baran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozge Onder
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozge Goktepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Estirado S, Díaz-García D, Fernández-Delgado E, Viñuelas-Zahínos E, Gómez-Ruiz S, Prashar S, Rodríguez AB, Luna-Giles F, Pariente JA, Espino J. Melatonin Derivative-Conjugated Formulations of Pd(II) and Pt(II) Thiazoline Complexes on Mesoporous Silica to Enhance Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis against HeLa Cells. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38258103 PMCID: PMC10821514 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for alternatives to cisplatin has led to the development of new metal complexes where thiazoline derivatives based on platinum(II) and palladium(II) stand out. In this sense, the Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes coordinated with the thiazoline derivative ligand 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)imino-N-(2-thiazolin-2-yl)thiazolidine (TdTn), with formula [PtCl2(TdTn)] and [PdCl2(TdTn)], have previously shown good results against several cancer lines; however, in this work, we have managed to improve their activity by supporting them on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN). The incorporation of metal compounds with a melatonin derivative (5-methoxytryptamine, 5MT), which is a well-known antioxidant and apoptosis inducer in different types of cancer, has been able to increase the cytotoxic activity of both MSN-supported and isolated complexes with only a very low amount (0.35% w/w) of this antioxidant. The covalently functionalized systems that have been synthesized are able to increase selectivity as well as accumulation in HeLa cells. The final materials containing the metal complexes and 5MT (MSN-5MT-PtTdTn and MSN-5MT-PdTdTn) required up to nine times less metal to achieve the same cytotoxic activity than their corresponding non-formulated counterparts did, thus reducing the potential side effects caused by the use of the free metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Estirado
- Grupo de Investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (S.E.); (E.F.-D.); (A.B.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Elena Fernández-Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (S.E.); (E.F.-D.); (A.B.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Emilio Viñuelas-Zahínos
- Grupo de Investigación Química de Coordinación, Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.V.-Z.); (F.L.-G.)
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (D.D.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Ana B. Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (S.E.); (E.F.-D.); (A.B.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Francisco Luna-Giles
- Grupo de Investigación Química de Coordinación, Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.V.-Z.); (F.L.-G.)
| | - José A. Pariente
- Grupo de Investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (S.E.); (E.F.-D.); (A.B.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Javier Espino
- Grupo de Investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (S.E.); (E.F.-D.); (A.B.R.); (J.A.P.)
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Gómez IJ, Ovejero-Paredes K, Méndez-Arriaga JM, Pizúrová N, Filice M, Zajíčková L, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S. Organotin(IV)-Decorated Graphene Quantum Dots as Dual Platform for Molecular Imaging and Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301845. [PMID: 37540499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of organotin(IV) complexes in cancer therapy is well recognized but their large applicability is hampered by their poor water solubility. Hence, carbon dots, in particular nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), may be a promising alternative for the efficient delivery of organotin(IV) compounds as they have a substantial aqueous solubility, a good chemical stability, and non-toxicity as well as a bright photoluminescence that make them ideal for theranostic applications against cancer. Two different multifunctional nanosystems have been synthesized and fully characterized based on two fragments of organotin-based cytotoxic compounds and 4-formylbenzoic acid (FBA), covalently grafted onto the NGQDs surface. Subsequently, an in vitro determination of the therapeutic and theranostic potential of the achieved multifunctional systems was carried out. The results showed a high cytotoxic potential of the NGQDs-FBA-Sn materials against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a lower effect on a non-cancer cell line (kidney cells, HEK293T). Besides, thanks to their optical properties, the dots enabled their fluorescence molecular imaging in the cytoplasmatic region of the cells pointing towards a successful cellular uptake and a release of the metallodrug inside cancer cells (NGQDs-FBA-Sn).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Karina Ovejero-Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Méndez-Arriaga
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naděžda Pizúrová
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, 61662, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lenka Zajíčková
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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Ibrahim MAI, Othman R, Chee CF, Ahmad Fisol F. Evaluation of Folate-Functionalized Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems-Effectiveness and Concerns. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2080. [PMID: 37509719 PMCID: PMC10376941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting folate receptors is a potential solution to low tumor selectivity concerning conventional chemotherapeutics. Apart from antibody-drug conjugates, folate-functionalized nanoparticle drug delivery systems are interesting to be explored due to many advantages, yet currently, none seems to enter the clinical trials. Multiple in vitro evidence is available to support its efficacy compared to the non-targeting carrier and free drug formulation. Additionally, several studies pointed out factors affecting its effectiveness, including surface properties and endosomal trapping. However, in vivo biodistribution studies revealed issues that may arise from folate receptor targeting, including rapid liver uptake, subsequently reducing the nanoparticles' tumor uptake. This issue may be due to the folate receptor β expressed by the activated macrophages in the liver; route of administration and tumor location might also influence the targeting effectiveness. Moreover, it is perplexing to generalize nanoparticles reported from various publications, primarily due to the different formulations, lack of characterization, and experimental settings, making it harder to determine the accurate factor influencing targeting effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rozana Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research & Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (Nanocat), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Faisalina Ahmad Fisol
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPHARM), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Gelugor 11700, Malaysia
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Biological Use of Nanostructured Silica-Based Materials Functionalized with Metallodrugs: The Spanish Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032332. [PMID: 36768659 PMCID: PMC9917151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Vallet-Regí's group on the design and synthesis of mesoporous silica-based materials with therapeutic applications, during the last 15 years, the potential use of mesoporous silica nanostructured materials as drug delivery vehicles has been extensively explored. The versatility of these materials allows the design of a wide variety of platforms that can incorporate numerous agents of interest (fluorophores, proteins, drugs, etc.) in a single scaffold. However, the use of these systems loaded with metallodrugs as cytotoxic agents against different diseases and with distinct therapeutic targets has been studied to a much lesser extent. This review will focus on the work carried out in this field, highlighting both the pioneering and recent contributions of Spanish groups that have synthesized a wide variety of systems based on titanium, tin, ruthenium, copper and silver complexes supported onto nanostructured silica. In addition, this article will also discuss the importance of the structural features of the systems for evaluating and modulating their therapeutic properties. Finally, the most interesting results obtained in the study of the potential therapeutic application of these metallodrug-functionalized silica-based materials against cancer and bacteria will be described, paying special attention to preclinical trials in vivo.
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Sedaghat T, Aminian M, Abaee S, Hoveizi E, Tarassoli A, Beheshti A, Morales-Morales D. New organotin(IV) complexes with a bis-acyl-hydrazone ligand: synthesis, crystal structure and immobilization on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a strategy in cancer therapy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bensing C, Mojić M, Bulatović M, Edeler D, Pérez-Quintanilla D, Gómez-Ruiz S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Mijatović S, Kaluđerović GN. Effect of chain length on the cytotoxic activity of (alkyl-ω-ol)triphenyltin(IV) loaded into SBA-15 nanostructured silica and in vivo study of SBA-15~Cl|Ph 3Sn(CH 2) 8OH. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213054. [PMID: 35964389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of nanostructured SBA-15-based materials functionalized with the tetraorganotin(IV) metallodrugs Ph3Sn(CH2)nOH (n = 3, 4, 6, 8 and 11) are synthesized and structurally characterized by different techniques used in solid-state chemistry. The cytotoxicity of both the organotin(IV) compounds and the tin-functionalized SBA-15 materials are studied against different cancer cell lines observing that the materials have similar cytotoxic activity in comparison with the free organotin compounds in terms of mass. However, considering that the percentage of active metal compound loaded into material is low, the utilization of mesoporous silica as drug vehicle clearly improves the cytotoxic effectiveness of metal-based drugs against cancer cells. One of the most potent between all tested systems is material SBA-15~Cl|Ph3Sn(CH2)8OH. Its cytotoxicity seems to come from additional mechanisms apart from apoptosis provoking cell reprogram in B16 melanoma into more mature and less aggressive phenotype. Moderated production of ROS/RNS is probably in the background of observed phenomenon. Obtained results are further confirmed in syngeneic mouse model of melanoma in C57BL6 mice. The in vivo results show that SBA-15 do not disturb tumor growth, while both Ph3Sn(CH2)8OH and SBA-15~Cl|Ph3Sn(CH2)8OH significantly decreases tumor volume with an enhancement of the antitumor potential of the tetraorganotin(IV) compound upon immobilization in SBA-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bensing
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marija Mojić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirna Bulatović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - David Edeler
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Damian Pérez-Quintanilla
- Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran N Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Strasse 2, DE-06217 Merseburg, Germany.
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Choudante PC, Nethi SK, Díaz-García D, Prashar S, Misra S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Patra CR. Tin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Antineoplastic properties and genotoxicity assessment. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212819. [PMID: 35929256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has immensely advanced the field of cancer diagnostics and treatment by introducing potential delivery vehicles as carriers for drugs or therapeutic agents. In due course, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as excellent vehicles for delivering drugs, biomolecules, and biomaterials, attributed to their solid framework and porosity providing a higher surface area for decorating with various functional ligands. Recently, the metal tin (Sn) has gained huge importance in cancer research owing to its excellent cytotoxicity and ability to kill cancer cells. In the present work, we synthesized MSNs, conjugated them with organotin compounds, and characterized them using various physicochemical techniques. Subsequently, the biological evaluation of MSN (S1), MSN-MP (S2) and tin-conjugated MSNs (S3: MSN-MP-SnPh3) (MP = 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane) revealed that these nanoconjugates induced cytotoxicity, necrosis, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, these nanoconjugates exhibited anti-angiogenic properties as demonstrated in the chick embryo model. The increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found as a one of the plausible mechanisms underlying cancer cell cytotoxicity induced by these nanoconjugates, encouraging their application for the treatment of cancer. The tin-conjugated MSNs demonstrated less toxicity to normal cells compared to cancer cells. Furthermore, the genotoxicity studies revealed the clastogenic and aneugenic effects of these nanoconjugates in CHO cells mostly at high concentrations. These interesting observations are behind the idea of developing tin-conjugated MSNs as prospective candidates for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi C Choudante
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Ovejero-Paredes K, Díaz-García D, Mena-Palomo I, Marciello M, Lozano-Chamizo L, Morato YL, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Filice M. Synthesis of a theranostic platform based on fibrous silica nanoparticles for the enhanced treatment of triple-negative breast cancer promoted by a combination of chemotherapeutic agents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212823. [PMID: 35929238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new series of theranostic silica materials based on fibrous silica particles acting as nanocarriers of two different cytotoxic agents, namely, chlorambucil and an organotin metallodrug have been prepared and structurally characterized. Besides the combined therapeutic activity, these platforms have been decorated with a targeting molecule (folic acid, to selectively target triple negative breast cancer) and a molecular imaging agent (Alexa Fluor 647, to enable their tracking both in vitro and in vivo). The in vitro behaviour of the multifunctional silica systems showed a synergistic activity of the two chemotherapeutic agents in the form of an enhanced cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells (triple negative breast cancer) as well as by a higher cell migration inhibition. Subsequently, the in vivo applicability of the siliceous nanotheranostics was successfully assessed by observing with in vivo optical imaging techniques a selective tumour accumulation (targeting ability), a marked inhibition of tumour growth paired to a marked antiangiogenic ability after 13 days of systemic administration, thus, confirming the enhanced theranostic activity. The systemic nanotoxicity was also evaluated by analyzing specific biochemical markers. The results showed a positive effect in form of reduced cytotoxicity when both chemotherapeutics are administered in combination thanks to the fibrous silica nanoparticles. Overall, our results confirm the promising applicability of these novel silica-based nanoplatforms as advanced drug-delivery systems for the synergistic theranosis of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ovejero-Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mena-Palomo
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lozano-Chamizo
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yurena Luengo Morato
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Siemiaszko G, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Markiewicz KH, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Dudź E, Milewska S, Misiak P, Kurowska I, Sadowska A, Car H, Wilczewska AZ. Synergistic effect of folate-conjugated polymers and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colon cancer. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, targeted drug delivery strategies have received special attention from the scientific world due to advantages such as more effective therapy and reduction of side effects. The principle of operation is delayed excretion from the bloodstream of the drug delivery system compared to the drug itself, as well as facilitated penetration into diseased cells thanks to the use of ligands recognized by appropriate receptors. Particularly interesting drug carriers are amphiphilic copolymers that form nano-sized micelles with a drug, which can release the drug at a specific place in the body under the influence of appropriate stimuli.
Results
We describe the synthesis of the diblock polymer, poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-b-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) using RAFT/MADIX (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer/MAcromolecular Design by Interchange of Xanthate) controlled polymerization affording polymers with good dispersity according to SEC (Size-Exclusion Chromatography). Some post-modifications of the polymer with folic acid were then performed as evidenced by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), UV–Vis (UltraViolet–Visible) and FT-IR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and TGA (ThermoGravimetric Analysis). The formation of stable micellar systems from polymers with and without the drug, 5-fluorouracil, was confirmed by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) and zeta potential measurements, and TEM (Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) imaging. Finally, the cloud point of the polymers was investigated, which turned out to be close to the temperature of the human body. Most importantly, these micellar systems have been explored as a drug delivery system against colon cancer, showing increased cytotoxicity compared to the drug alone. This effect was achieved due to the easier cellular uptake by the interaction of folic acid and its receptors on the surface of cancer cells.
Conclusions
The presented results constitute a solid foundation for the implementation of a nano-sized drug delivery system containing folic acid for practical use in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer, as well as more effective therapy with fewer side effects.
Graphical Abstract
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12
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Zhao J, Bu DY, Zhang N, Tian DN, Ma LY, Yang HF. Cytotoxicity of mesoporous silica modified by amino and carboxyl groups on vascular endothelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1422-1433. [PMID: 33764655 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica is widely used because of its unique and excellent properties, especially it can be used as a drug carrier and gene carrier in the biomedical field. After the mesoporous silica is put into clinical use, it is more likely to be exposed in human body. Therefore, the effect of mesoporous silica on human body cannot be ignored. The injury of vascular endothelial cells is a prerequisite for the occurrence of many cardiovascular diseases. As a drug and gene carrier, mesoporous silica increases its contact with vascular endothelial cells, so its toxic effect on cardiovascular system cannot be ignored. In this study, amino (NH2 ) and carboxyl (COOH) were modified on mesoporous silica SBA-15 by post-grafting. The results showed that it still maintained the one-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure of SBA-15 and had typical mesoporous structure. Then human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were infected with SBA-15, NH2 -SBA-15, and COOH-SBA-15. The results showed that the functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 had cytotoxicity to HUVECs and damaged the cell membrane, but compared with the unmodified mesoporous silica SBA-15 the cytotoxicity of functionalized mesoporous silica SBA-15 was lower and the toxicity of carboxyl modified group was the lowest. By comparing the cell inhibition rate and the expression level of lactate dehydrogenate and reactive oxygen species induced by the three materials, oxidative damage and cell membrane damage may be two mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Mesoporous silica SBA-15 has an effect on cardiovascular system by inducing the high expression of nitric oxide, intercellular adhesive molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesive molecule-1 in HUVECs. In summary, our results show that mesoporous silica is toxic to vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - De-Yun Bu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Da-Nian Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li-Ya Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui-Fang Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Karges J, Díaz-García D, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Gasser G. Ru(II) Polypyridine Complex-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Photosensitizers for Cancer Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4394-4405. [PMID: 35006851 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the developed world. In the last few decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has augmented the number of medical techniques to treat this disease in the clinics. As the pharmacological active species to kill cancer cells are only generated upon light irradiation, PDT is associated with an intrinsic first level of selectivity. However, since PDT agents also accumulate in the surrounding, healthy tissue and since it is practically very challenging to only expose the tumor site to light, some side effects can be observed. Consequently, there is a need for a selective drug delivery system, which would give a second level of selectivity. In this work, a dual tumor targeting approach is presented based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which act by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the conjugation to folic acid, which acts as a targeting moiety for folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells. The conjugates were found to be nontoxic in noncancerous human normal lung fibroblast cells while showing a phototoxic effect upon irradiation at 480 or 540 nm in the low nanomolar range in folate receptor overexpressing cancerous human ovarian carcinoma cells, demonstrating their potential for cancer targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
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