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Sardella R, Xiroudaki S, Mercolini L, Sabbatini S, Monari C, Perito S, Ianni F, Vecchiarelli A, Giovagnoli S. Optimized Extraction of Amikacin from Murine Whole Blood. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030665. [PMID: 33513993 PMCID: PMC7865403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amikacin (Amk) analysis and quantitation, for pharmacokinetics studies and other types of investigations, is conventionally performed after extraction from plasma. No report exists so far regarding drug extraction from whole blood (WB). This can represent an issue since quantification in plasma does not account for drug partitioning to the blood cell compartment, significantly underrating the drug fraction reaching the blood circulation. In the present work, the optimization of an extraction method of Amk from murine WB has been described. The extraction yield was measured by RP-HPLC-UV after derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which produced an appreciably stable derivative with a favorable UV/vis absorption. Several extraction conditions were tested: spiked Amk disulfate solution/acetonitrile/WB ratio; presence of organic acids and/or ammonium hydroxide and/or ammonium acetate in the extraction mixture; re-dissolution of the supernatant in water after a drying process under vacuum; treatment of the supernatant with a solution of inorganic salts. The use of 5% (by volume) of ammonium hydroxide in a hydro-organic solution with acetonitrile, allowed the almost quantitative (95%) extraction of the drug from WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Styliani Xiroudaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Samuele Sabbatini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Claudia Monari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Stefano Perito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-7919
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.M.); (S.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (R.S.); (S.X.); (S.G.)
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