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Rathore Y, Lakhanpal T, Chakraborty S, Chakravarty R, Mittal BR, Irrinki RNS, Laroiya I, Kaur K, Shukla J. Targeting Breast Cancer Using 177 Lu-Labeled Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab Fragment : First-in-Human Clinical Experience. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:e258-e265. [PMID: 38579266 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, is used for immunotherapy for HER2-expressing breast cancers. Large-sized antibodies demonstrate hepatobiliary clearance and slower pharmacokinetics. A trastuzumab fragment (Fab; 45 kDa) has been generated for theranostic use. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fab was generated by papain digestion. Trastuzumab and Fab have been radiolabelled with 177 Lu after being conjugated with a bifunctional chelating. The affinity and target specificity were studied in vitro. The first-in-human study was performed. RESULTS The bifunctional chelating agent conjugation of 1-2 molecules with trastuzumab and Fab was detected at the molar ratio 1:10 in bicarbonate buffer (0.5 M, pH 8) at 37°-40°C. However, 2-3 molecules of bifunctional chelating agent were conjugated when DMSO in PBS (0.1 M, pH 7) was used as a conjugation buffer at a molar ratio of 1:10. The radiolabelling yield of DOTA-conjugated Fab and trastuzumab at pH 5, 45°C to 50°C, with incubation time 2.5-3 hours was 80% and 41.67%, respectively. However, with DOTAGA-conjugated trastuzumab and Fab, the maximum radiolabelling yield at pH 5.5, 37°C, and at 2.5-3 hours was 80.83% and 83%, respectively. The calculated K d of DOTAGA Fab and trastuzumab with HER2-positive SKBR3 cells was 6.85 ± 0.24 × 10 -8 M and 1.71 ± 0.10 × 10 -8 M, respectively. DOTAGA-Fab and trastuzumab showed better radiolabelling yield at mild reaction conditions.177 Lu-DOTAGA-Fab demonstrated higher lesion uptake and lower liver retention as compared with 177 Lu-DOTAGA-trastuzumab. However, 177 Lu-DOTAGA-Fab as compared with 177 Lu-DOTAGA-trastuzumab showed a relatively early washout (5 days) from the lesion. CONCLUSIONS 177 Lu-DOTAGA-Fab and trastuzumab are suitable for targeting the HER2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Rathore
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Tamanna Lakhanpal
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | | | | | - B R Mittal
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - R N Santhosh Irrinki
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ishita Laroiya
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
| | - Jaya Shukla
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh
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2
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El Fakiri M, Ayada N, Müller M, Hvass L, Gamzov TH, Clausen AS, Geis NM, Steinacker N, Hansson E, Lindegren S, Aneheim E, Jensen H, Eder AC, Jensen AI, Poulie CBM, Kjaer A, Eder M, Herth MM. Development and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 211At]PSAt-3-Ga: An Inhibitor for Targeted α-Therapy of Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:593-599. [PMID: 38423784 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.267043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted α-therapy is a promising alternative to β--particle-based treatments. 211At is among the potential α-emitters that are favorable for this concept. Herein, 211At-based PSMA radiopharmaceuticals were designed, developed, and evaluated. Methods: To identify a 211At-labeled lead, a surrogate strategy was applied. Because astatine does not exist as a stable nuclide, it is commonly replaced with iodine to mimic the pharmacokinetic behavior of the corresponding 211At-labeled compounds. To facilitate the process of structural design, iodine-based candidates were radiolabeled with the PET radionuclide 68Ga to study their preliminary in vitro and in vivo properties before the desired 211At-labeled lead compound was formed. The most promising candidate from this evaluation was chosen to be 211At-labeled and tested in biodistribution studies. Results: All 68Ga-labeled surrogates displayed affinities in the nanomolar range and specific internalization in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells. PET imaging of these compounds identified [68Ga]PSGa-3 as the lead compound. Subsequently, [211At]PSAt-3-Ga was synthesized in a radiochemical yield of 35% and showed tumor uptake of 19 ± 8 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) at 1 h after injection and 7.6 ± 2.9 %ID/g after 24 h. Uptake in off-target tissues such as the thyroid (2.0 ± 1.1 %ID/g), spleen (3.0 ± 0.6 %ID/g), or stomach (2.0 ± 0.4 %ID/g) was low, indicating low in vivo deastatination of [211At]PSAt-3-Ga. Conclusion: The reported findings support the use of iodine-based and 68Ga-labeled variants as a convenient strategy for developing astatinated compounds and confirm [211At]PSAt-3 as a promising radiopharmaceutical for targeted α-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Fakiri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nawal Ayada
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Müller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hvass
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teodor H Gamzov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Skovsbo Clausen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas M Geis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Steinacker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sture Lindegren
- Atley Solutions AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Emma Aneheim
- Atley Solutions AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Holger Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann-Christin Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Technology, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian B M Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Development, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Pometti MA, Di Natale G, Geremia G, Gauswami N, Garufi G, Ricciardi G, Sciortino M, Scopelliti F, Russo G, Ippolito M. A Kinetically Controlled Bioconjugation Method for the Synthesis of Radioimmunoconjugates and the Development of a Domain Mapping MS-Workflow for Its Characterization. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:324-332. [PMID: 38366964 PMCID: PMC10961728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Immunoconjugates exploit the high affinity of monoclonal antibodies for a recognized antigen to selectively deliver a cytotoxic payload, such as drugs or radioactive nuclides, at the site of disease. Despite numerous techniques have been recently developed for site-selective bioconjugations of protein structures, reaction of ε-amine group of lysine residues with electrophilic reactants, such as activated esters (NHS), is the main method reported in the literature as it maintains proteins in their native conformation. Since antibodies hold a high number of lysine residues, a heterogeneous mixture of conjugates will be generated, which can result in decreased target affinity. Here, we report an intradomain regioselective bioconjugation between the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab and the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of the chelator 2,2',2″,2‴-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (DOTA) by a kinetically controlled reaction adding substoichiometric quantities of the activated ester to the mAb working at slightly basic pH. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses were carried out to assess the chelator-antibody ratio (CAR) and the number of chelating moieties linked to the mAb chains. Proteolysis experiments showed four lysine residues mainly involved in bioconjugation (K188 for the light chain and K30, K293, and K417 for the heavy chain), each of which was located in a different domain. Since the displayed intradomain regioselectivity, a domain mapping MS-workflow, based on a selective domain denaturation, was developed to quantify the percentage of chelator linked to each mAb domain. The resulting immunoconjugate mixture showed an average CAR of 0.9. About a third of the heavy chains were found as monoconjugated, whereas conjugation of the chelator in the light chain was negligible. Domain mapping showed the CH3 domain bearing 13% of conjugated DOTA, followed by CH2 and VH respectively bearing 12.5 and 11% of bonded chelator. Bioconjugation was not found in the CH1 domain, whereas for the light chain, only the CL domain was conjugated (6%). Data analysis based on LC-MS quantification of different analytical levels (intact, reduced chains, and domains) provided the immunoconjugate formulation. A mixture of immunoconjugates restricted to 15 species was obtained, and the percentage of each one within the mixture was calculated. In particular, species bearing 1 DOTA with a relative abundance ranging from 4 to 20-fold, in comparison to species bearing 2DOTA, were observed. Pairing of bioconjugation under kinetic control with the developed domain mapping MS-workflow could raise the standard of chemical quality for immunoconjugates obtained with commercially available reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Pometti
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
- FORA
S.p.A., Via Alfred Bernhard
Nobel 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Natale
- CNR-Istituto
di Cristallografia, Via
Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Geremia
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Parco
scientifico e tecnologico della Sicilia S.C.P.A., Stradale Vincenzo Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Nileshgiri Gauswami
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Parco
scientifico e tecnologico della Sicilia S.C.P.A., Stradale Vincenzo Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianni Garufi
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Parco
scientifico e tecnologico della Sicilia S.C.P.A., Stradale Vincenzo Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ricciardi
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
- FORA
S.p.A., Via Alfred Bernhard
Nobel 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Marcella Sciortino
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
- FORA
S.p.A., Via Alfred Bernhard
Nobel 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Scopelliti
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- IBFM-CNR
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Contrada Pietra Pollastra, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Massimo Ippolito
- Nuclear
Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy
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4
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Lu S, Gan L, Lu T, Zhang K, Zhang J, Wu X, Han D, Xu C, Liu S, Yang F, Qin W, Wen W. Endosialin in Cancer: Expression Patterns, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Approaches. Theranostics 2024; 14:379-391. [PMID: 38164138 PMCID: PMC10750205 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosialin, also known as tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) or CD248, is a single transmembrane glycoprotein with a C-type lectin-like domain. Endosialin is mainly expressed in the stroma, especially in cancer-associated fibroblasts and pericytes, in most solid tumors. Endosialin is also expressed in tumor cells of most sarcomas. Endosialin can promote tumor progression through different mechanisms, such as promoting tumor cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, stimulating tumor angiogenesis, and inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, it is considered an ideal target for cancer treatment. Several endosialin-targeted antibodies and therapeutic strategies have been developed and have shown preliminary antitumor effects. Here, we reviewed the endosialin expression pattern in different cancer types, discussed the mechanisms by which endosialin promotes tumor progression, and summarized current therapeutic strategies targeting endosialin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Lu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lunbiao Gan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weihong Wen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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5
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Chen LA, Yu YH, Tian WT, Lin WC, Grauffel C, Wu CY, Chen CL, Lim C, Chu HM, Chang TW, Peng CJ. Site-specific Conjugation of 6 DOTA Chelators to a CA19-9-targeting scFv-Fc Antibody for Imaging and Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10604-10616. [PMID: 37462154 PMCID: PMC10424180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies conjugated with diagnostic/therapeutic radionuclides are attractive options for inoperable cancers lacking accurate imaging methods and effective therapeutics, such as pancreatic cancer. Hence, we have produced an antibody radionuclide conjugate termed TE-1132 comprising a α-CA19-9 scFv-Fc that is site-specifically conjugated at each C-terminus to 3 DOTA chelators via a cysteine-containing peptide linker. The smaller scFv-Fc size facilitates diffusivity within solid tumors, whereas the chelator-to-antibody ratio of six enabled 177Lu-radiolabeled TE-1132 to exhibit high radioactivity up to 520 MBq/nmol. In mice bearing BxPC3 tumors, immuno-SPECT/CT imaging of [111In]In-TE-1132 and the biodistribution of [177Lu]Lu-TE-1132 showed selective tumor accumulation. Single and multiple doses of [177Lu]Lu-TE-1132 effectively inhibited the BxPC3 tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice with no irreversible body weight loss or hematopoietic damage. The adequate pharmacokinetic parameters, prominent tumor accumulation, and efficacy with good safety in mice encourage the further investigation of theranostic TE-1132 for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-An Chen
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiang Yu
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Tian
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Cédric Grauffel
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Lin Chen
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Carmay Lim
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Mao Chu
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Wen Chang
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jiun Peng
- Immunwork,
Inc., Academia Rd., Sec.
1, Nangang, Taipei 11571, Taiwan
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Gnesin S, Chouin N, Cherel M, Dunn SM, Schaefer N, Faivre-Chauvet A, Prior JO, Delage JA. From bench to bedside: 64Cu/ 177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti TEM-1: mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolations for future theranostic applications. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 37314509 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is an hot topic in nuclear medicine. Several radiolabeled antibodies are under development necessitating both biokinetic and dosimetry extrapolations for effective human translation. The validation of different animal-to-human dosimetry extrapolation methods still is an open issue. This study reports the mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolation of 64Cu/177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti-TEM-1 for theranostic application in soft-tissue sarcomas. We adopt four methods; direct mice-to-human extrapolation (M1); dosimetry extrapolation considering a relative mass scaling factor (M2), application of a metabolic scaling factor (M3) and combination of M2 and M3 (M4). Predicted in-human dosimetry for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc resulted in an effective dose of 0.05 mSv/MBq. Absorbed dose (AD) extrapolation for the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc indicated that the AD of 2 Gy and 4 Gy to the red-marrow and total-body can be reached with 5-10 GBq and 25-30 GBq of therapeutic activity administration respectively depending on applied dosimetry method. Dosimetry extrapolation methods provided significantly different absorbed doses in organs. Dosimetry properties for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc are suitable for a diagnostic in-human use. The therapeutic application of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc presents challenges and would benefit from further assessments in animals' models such as dogs before moving into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Chouin
- Inserm, CNRS, University of Angers, Oniris, CRCI2NA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Cherel
- CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, University of Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Steven Mark Dunn
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Judith Anna Delage
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Damerow H, Cheng X, von Kiedrowski V, Schirrmacher R, Wängler B, Fricker G, Wängler C. Toward Optimized 89Zr-Immuno-PET: Side-by-Side Comparison of [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-, [ 89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)- and [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Cetuximab for Tumor Imaging: Which Chelator Is the Most Suitable? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102114. [PMID: 36297549 PMCID: PMC9611803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
89Zr represents a highly favorable positron emitter for application in immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging. Clinically, the 89Zr4+ ion is introduced into antibodies by complexation with desferrioxamine B. However, producing complexes of limited kinetic inertness. Therefore, several new chelators for 89Zr introduction have been developed over the last years. Of these, the direct comparison of the most relevant ones for clinical translation, DFO* and 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO), is still missing. Thus, we directly compared DFO with DFO* and 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) immunoconjugates to identify the most suitable agent stable 89Zr-complexation. The chelators were introduced into cetuximab, and an optical analysis method was developed, enabling the efficient quantification of derivatization sites per protein. The cetuximab conjugates were efficiently obtained and radiolabeled with 89Zr at 37 °C within 30 min, giving the [89Zr]Zr-cetuximab derivatives in high radiochemical yields and purities of >99% as well as specific activities of 50 MBq/mg. The immunoreactive fraction of all 89Zr-labeled cetuximab derivatives was determined to be in the range of 86.5−88.1%. In vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing animals revealed a comparable and significantly higher kinetic inertness for both [89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)-cetuximab and [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-cetuximab, compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-cetuximab. Of these, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-cetuximab showed a considerably more favorable pharmacokinetic profile with significantly lower liver and spleen retention than [89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)-cetuximab. Since [89Zr]Zr-DFO* demonstrates a very high kinetic inertness, paired with a highly favorable pharmacokinetic profile of the resulting antibody conjugate, DFO* currently represents the most suitable chelator candidate for stable 89Zr-radiolabeling of antibodies and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Damerow
- Biomedical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xia Cheng
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Valeska von Kiedrowski
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Hull A, Li Y, Bartholomeusz D, Hsieh W, Tieu W, Pukala TL, Staudacher AH, Bezak E. Preliminary Development and Testing of C595 Radioimmunoconjugates for Targeting MUC1 Cancer Epitopes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192983. [PMID: 36230945 PMCID: PMC9563759 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which overexpresses cancer-specific epitopes (MUC1-CE) on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. As PDAC is a low survival and highly aggressive malignancy, developing radioimmunoconjugates capable of targeting MUC1-CE could lead to improvements in PDAC outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and perform preliminary testing of diagnostic and therapeutic radioimmunoconjugates for PDAC using an anti-MUC1 antibody, C595. Firstly, p-SCN-Bn-DOTA was conjugated to the C595 antibody to form a DOTA-C595 immunoconjugate. The stability and binding affinity of the DOTA-C595 conjugate was evaluated using mass spectrometry and ELISA. DOTA-C595 was radiolabelled to Copper-64, Lutetium-177, Gallium-68 and Technetium-99m to form novel radioimmunoconjugates. Cell binding assays were performed in PANC-1 (strong MUC1-CE expression) and AsPC-1 (weak MUC1-CE expression) cell lines using 64Cu-DOTA-C595 and 177Lu-DOTA-C595. An optimal molar ratio of 4:1 DOTA groups per C595 molecule was obtained from the conjugation process. DOTA-C595 labelled to Copper-64, Lutetium-177, and Technetium-99m with high efficiency, although the Gallium-68 labelling was low. 177Lu-DOTA-C595 demonstrated high cellular binding to the PANC-1 cell lines which was significantly greater than AsPC-1 binding at concentrations exceeding 100 nM (p < 0.05). 64Cu-DOTA-C595 showed similar binding to the PANC-1 and AsPC-1 cells with no significant differences observed between cell lines (p > 0.05). The high cellular binding of 177Lu-DOTA-C595 to MUC1-CE positive cell lines suggests promise as a therapeutic radioimmunoconjugate against PDAC while further work is required to harness the potential of 64Cu-DOTA-C595 as a diagnostic radioimmunoconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Hull
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanrui Li
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Dylan Bartholomeusz
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Hsieh
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Department of PET, Nuclear Medicine & Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA Medical Imaging, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Tara L. Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Alexander H. Staudacher
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- Allied Health and Human Performance Academic Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Wharton L, Zhang C, Yang H, Zeisler J, Radchenko V, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Osooly M, Patrick BO, Lin KS, Bénard F, Schaffer P, Orvig C. [ 213Bi]Bi 3+/[ 111In]In 3+-neunpa-cycMSH: Theranostic Radiopharmaceutical Targeting Melanoma─Structural, Radiochemical, and Biological Evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:505-522. [PMID: 35239331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of [225Ac]Ac3+ as a therapeutic radionuclide for targeted α therapy (TAT), access to clinical quantities of the potent, short-lived α-emitter [213Bi]Bi3+ (t1/2 = 45.6 min) will increase over the next decade. With this in mind, the nonadentate chelator, H4neunpa-NH2, has been investigated as a ligand for chelation of [213Bi]Bi3+ in combination with [111In]In3+ as a suitable radionuclidic pair for TAT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) diagnostics. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized to assess the coordination characteristics of H4neunpa-NH2 on complexation of [natBi]Bi3+, while the solid-state structure of [natBi][Bi(neunpa-NH3)] was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the conformational geometries of the metal complex in solution. H4neunpa-NH2 exhibited fast complexation kinetics with [213Bi]Bi3+ at RT achieving quantitative radiolabeling within 5 min at 10-8 M ligand concentration, which was accompanied by the formation of a kinetically inert complex. Two bioconjugates incorporating the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) targeting peptide Nle-CycMSHhex were synthesized featuring two different covalent linkers for in vivo evaluation with [213Bi]Bi3+ and [111In]In3+. High molar activities of 7.47 and 21.0 GBq/μmol were achieved for each of the bioconjugates with [213Bi]Bi3+. SPECT/CT scans of the [111In]In3+-labeled tracer showed accumulation in the tumor over time, which was accompanied by high liver uptake and clearance via the hepatic pathway due to the high lipophilicity of the covalent linker. In vivo biodistribution studies in C57Bl/6J mice bearing B16-F10 tumor xenografts showed good tumor uptake (5.91% ID/g) at 1 h post-administration with [213Bi][Bi(neunpa-Ph-Pip-Nle-CycMSHhex)]. This study demonstrates H4neunpa-NH2 to be an effective chelating ligand for [213Bi]Bi3+ and [111In]In3+, with promising characteristics for further development toward theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Maryam Osooly
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Copper-64-Labeled 1C1m-Fc, a New Tool for TEM-1 PET Imaging and Prediction of Lutetium-177-Labeled 1C1m-Fc Therapy Efficacy and Safety. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235936. [PMID: 34885044 PMCID: PMC8657097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevalence of TEM-1 in the vasculature and the stroma of solid tumors and in malignant cells of sarcomas suggests that targeting TEM-1 could have therapeutic benefit. In this context, an anti-TEM-1 companion diagnostic may assist in the personalized medicine approach, whereby TEM-1 expression is exploited as a biomarker to select patients that would most benefit from a treatment directed toward the TEM-1 antigen. In our previous works, we have selected 1C1m-Fc, a fusion protein antibody, radiolabeled it with 177Lu and demonstrated that [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc has interesting therapeutic performance. To define a suitable radiopharmaceutical companion for theranostic applications, 64Cu was chosen to radiolabel the fusion protein antibody. The aim of this work was thus to determine if [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc can be considered for TEM-1 PET imaging and to predict the dosimetry of the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc companion therapy. Abstract 1C1m-Fc, a promising anti-TEM-1 DOTA conjugate, was labeled with 64Cu to target cancer cells for PET imaging and predicting the efficacy and safety of a previously studied [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc companion therapy. DOTA-conjugated 1C1m-Fc was characterized by mass spectrometry, thin layer chromatography and immunoreactivity assessment. PET/CT and biodistribution studies were performed in human neuroblastoma xenografted mice. Absorbed doses were assessed from biodistribution results and extrapolated to 177Lu based on the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc data. The immunoreactivity was ≥ 70% after 48 h of incubation in serum, and the specificity of [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc for the target was validated. High-resolution PET/CT images were obtained, with the best tumor-to-organ ratios reached at 24 or 48 h and correlated with results of the biodistribution study. Healthy organs receiving the highest doses were the liver, the kidneys and the uterus. [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc could be of interest to give an indication of 177Lu dosimetry for parenchymal organs. In the uterus and the tumor, characterized by specific TEM-1 expression, the 177Lu-extrapolated absorbed doses are overestimated because of the lack of later measurement time points. Nevertheless, 1C1m-Fc radiolabeled with 64Cu for imaging would appear as an interesting radionuclide companion for therapeutic application with [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc.
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