1
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Denduyver P, Birk G, Ambruosi A, Vervaet C, Vanhoorne V. Evaluation of Polyvinyl Alcohol as Binder during Continuous Twin Screw Wet Granulation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:854. [PMID: 39065551 PMCID: PMC11280237 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Binder selection is a crucial step in continuous twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG), as the material experiences a much shorter residence time (2-40 s) in the granulator barrel compared to batch-wise granulation processes. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 4-88 was identified as an effective binder during TSWG, but the potential of other PVA grades-differing in polymerization and hydrolysis degree-has not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of different PVA grades as a binder during TSWG. The breakage and drying behavior during the fluidized bed drying of drug-loaded granules containing the PVA grades was also studied. Three PVA grades (4-88, 18-88, and 40-88) were characterized and their attributes were compared to previously investigated binders by Vandevivere et al. through principal component analysis. Three binder clusters could be distinguished according to their attributes, whereby each cluster contained a PVA grade and a previously investigated binder. PVA 4-88 was the most effective binder of the PVA grades for both a good water-soluble and water-insoluble formulation. This could be attributed to its high total surface energy, low viscosity, good wettability of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, and good wettability by water of the binder. Compared to the previously investigated binders, all PVA grades were more effective in the water-insoluble formulation, as they yielded strong granules (friability below 30%) at lower L/S-ratios. This was linked to the high dispersive surface energy of the high-energy sites on the surface of PVA grades and their low surface tension. During fluidized bed drying, PVA grades proved suitable binders, as the acetaminophen (APAP) granules were dried within a short time due to the low L/S-ratio, at which high-quality granules could be produced. In addition, no attrition occurred, and strong tablets were obtained. Based on this study, PVA could be the preferred binder during twin screw granulation due to its high binder effectiveness at a low L/S-ratio, allowing efficient downstream processing. However, process robustness must be controlled by the included excipients, as PVA grades are operating in a narrow L/S-ratio range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaedra Denduyver
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Gudrun Birk
- Merck KGaA, Frankfuter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (G.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.D.); (C.V.)
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.D.); (C.V.)
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2
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Vandeputte T, Ghijs M, De Beer T, Nopens I. Cracking the code: Spatial heterogeneity as the missing piece for modeling granular fluidized bed drying. Int J Pharm 2024; 657:124135. [PMID: 38643808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical twin-screw wet granulation is a multifaceted and intricate process pivotal to drug product development. Accurate modeling of this process is indispensable for optimizing manufacturing parameters and ensuring product quality. The fluid bed dryer, an integral component of this granulation process, significantly influences the granular critical quality attributes. This study builds upon prior research by integrating experimental findings on granule segregation during fluid bed drying into an existing compartmental model, enhancing its predictive capabilities. An additional model layer on granule segregation behavior is composed and integrated into the existing model structure in this study. The added model compartment describes probability distributions on the vertical position of granules within each granule size class considered. To beware of overfitting, predictions of both the moisture content after drying and the granule bed temperature throughout drying are discussed in this study relative to experimental data from earlier published studies. These independent analyses demonstrated a marked improvement in prediction accuracy compared to earlier published model structures. The refined model accurately predicts the residual moisture content after drying for an untrained formulation. Moreover, it simultaneously makes accurate predictions of the granular bed temperature, which emboldens its structural correctness. This advancement makes it a powerful tool for predicting the behavior of the pharmaceutical fluid bed drying, which holds significant promise to facilitate pharmaceutical product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuur Vandeputte
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Michael Ghijs
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Matsunami K, Vandeputte T, Barrera Jiménez AA, Peeters M, Ghijs M, Van Hauwermeiren D, Stauffer F, Dos Santos Schultz E, Nopens I, De Beer T. Validation of model-based design of experiments for continuous wet granulation and drying. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123493. [PMID: 37813175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an application case of model-based design of experiments for the continuous twin-screw wet granulation and fluid-bed drying sequence. The proposed framework consists of three previously developed models. Here, we are testing the applicability of previously published unit operation models in this specific part of the production line to a new active pharmaceutical ingredient. Firstly, a T-shaped partial least squares regression model predicts d-values of granules after wet granulation with different process settings. Then, a high-resolution full granule size distribution is computed by a hybrid population balance and partial least squares regression model. Lastly, a mechanistic model of fluid-bed drying simulates drying time and energy efficiency, using the outputs of the first two models as a part of the inputs. In the application case, good operating conditions were calculated based on material and formulation properties as well as the developed process models. The framework was validated by comparing the simulation results with three experimental results. Overall, the proposed framework enables a process designer to find appropriate process settings with a less experimental workload. The framework combined with process knowledge reduced 73.2% of material consumption and 72.3% of time, especially in the early process development phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Matsunami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium.
| | - Tuur Vandeputte
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Ana Alejandra Barrera Jiménez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Michiel Peeters
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Michael Ghijs
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Daan Van Hauwermeiren
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium; BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Fanny Stauffer
- Product Design & Performance, UCB, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | | | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, 9000, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
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4
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Vandeputte T, Ghijs M, Van Hauwermeiren D, Dos Santos Schultz E, Schäfer E, Stauffer F, De Beer T, Nopens I. Mechanistic modeling of semicontinuous fluidized bed drying of pharmaceutical granules by incorporating single particle and bulk drying kinetics. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123447. [PMID: 37770009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a mechanistic fluidized bed drying model computing the granule moisture content in function of granule size, drying time, process settings and formulation properties is developed. Modeling the moisture content distribution concerning the granule size is essential for tabletability and drug product quality. This work combines a mechanistic bulk model and a single-particle drying kinetics model in a semicontinuous mode. The added model complexity allows physical approximations of drying phenomena at both the drying system level and the granular level. This includes quantifying the variations in moisture content by taking into account the specific dryer design and the variations in granule size. The model performance was quantified through industrially relevant case studies. It was revealed that the proposed model structure accurately predicts the drying behavior of the yield fraction. However, systematic model biases were observed for the fine and coarse fractions of the granule size distribution. In addition, discrepancies in the predicted outgoing air properties (relative air humidity and air temperature) were obtained. Further enhancement of the model complexity, e.g. complete incorporation of fluidization and segregation phenomena, is likely to improve the model performance. Notwithstanding, the developed model forms a step towards a formulation-generic fluidized bed drying model as interacting mechanisms on different levels of the drying system are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuur Vandeputte
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Ghijs
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daan Van Hauwermeiren
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Elisabeth Schäfer
- Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen R&D, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Forster SP, Dippold E, Haser A, Emanuele D, Meier R. Integrated Continuous Wet Granulation and Drying: Process Evaluation and Comparison with Batch Processing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2317. [PMID: 37765286 PMCID: PMC10537298 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is in the midst of a transition from traditional batch processes to continuous manufacturing. However, the challenges in making this transition vary depending on the selected manufacturing process. Compared with other oral solid dosage processes, wet granulation has been challenging to move towards continuous processing since traditional equipment has been predominantly strictly batch, instead of readily adapted to material flow such as dry granulation or tablet compression, and there have been few equipment options for continuous granule drying. Recently, pilot and commercial scale equipment combining a twin-screw wet granulator and a novel horizontal vibratory fluid-bed dryer have been developed. This study describes the process space of that equipment and compares the granules produced with batch high-shear and fluid-bed wet granulation processes. The results of this evaluation demonstrate that the equipment works across a range of formulations, effectively granulates and dries, and produces granules of similar or improved quality to batch wet granulation and drying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abbe Haser
- Organon & Co., Inc., Jersey City, NJ 07302, USA
| | - Daniel Emanuele
- L.B. Bohle Maschinen und Verfahren GmbH, 59320 Ennigerloh, Germany
| | - Robin Meier
- L.B. Bohle Maschinen und Verfahren GmbH, 59320 Ennigerloh, Germany
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6
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Zupančič O, Doğan A, Martins Fraga R, Demiri V, Paudel A, Khinast J, Spoerk M, Sacher S. On the influence of raw material attributes on process behaviour and product quality in a continuous WET granulation tableting line. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123097. [PMID: 37268028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Continuous manufacturing of oral solids is a complex process in which critical material attributes (CMAs), formulation and critical process parameters (CPPs) play a fundamental role. However, assessing their effect on the intermediate and final product's critical quality attributes (CQAs) remains challenging. The aim of this study was to tackle this shortcoming by evaluating the influence of raw material properties and formulation composition on the processability and quality of granules and tablets on a continuous manufacturing line. Powder-to-tablet manufacturing was performed using four formulations in various process settings. Pre-blends of different drug loadings (2.5 % w/w and 25% w/w) and two BCS classes (Class I and II) were continuously processed on an integrated process line ConsiGmaTM 25, including twin screw wet granulation, fluid bed drying, milling, sieving, in-line lubrication and tableting. The liquid-to-solid ratio and the granule drying time were varied to process granules under nominal, dry and wet conditions. It was shown that the BCS class and the drug dosage influenced the processability. Intermediate quality attributes, such as the loss on drying and the particle size distribution, directly correlated with the raw material's properties and process parameters. Process settings had a profound impact on the tablet's hardness, disintegration time, wettability and porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ožbej Zupančič
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aygün Doğan
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rúben Martins Fraga
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valjon Demiri
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Spoerk
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan Sacher
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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7
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Heat Transfer Model and Soft Sensing for Segmented Fluidized Bed Dryer. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate thermal behaviors and develop a soft sensor for online prediction of LOD (loss-on-drying) in the segmented fluidized bed dryer (Seg-FBD) in the ConsiGma25 line, which is regarded as the intermediate critical quality attribute for the final drug product. Preheating and drying experiments are performed and heat transfers and conductions among the Seg-FBD are evaluated based on the temperature measurements from sensors and an infrared thermal camera. A temperature distribution in dryer cells and high heat conductions in walls are found. Considerable heat transfers between the neighboring dryer cells are determined, which equal approximately 7% of the energy provided from the heated air. The cell-to-cell heat transfers are implemented into the heat transfer and drying models of the Seg-FBD. The models are calibrated successively in gPROMS Formulated Products (gFP) and the temperature and LOD errors are less than 2 °C and 0.5 wt.%, respectively. Subsequently, a soft sensor is established by combining data sources, a real-time data communication method, and the developed drying model, and it shows the capability of predicting real-time LOD, where the error of end-point LOD is within 0.5 wt.%. The work provides detailed steps and applicable tools for developing a soft sensor, and the online deployment of the soft sensor could support continuous production in the Seg-FBD by enabling visualization of process status and determination of process end point.
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8
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Haser A, Kittikunakorn N, Dippold E, DiNunzio JC, Blincoe W. Continuous Twin-Screw wet granulation process with In-Barrel drying and NIR setup for Real-Time Moisture Monitoring. Int J Pharm 2022; 630:122377. [PMID: 36368607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate if wet granule formation and drying could take place in a single operation by utilizing in-barrel drying. The drying kinetics of the formulation were studied in order to select appropriate processing parameters and assess feasibility with short residence times in the extruder. The 18-mm extruder was operated in a 40:1 L:D ratio with 8 zones. The first two zones were used for material feeding and wet granule formation and the remaining zones were used for drying at elevated temperature. The impact of screw configuration as well as screw speed, feed rate, and residence time were all studied to optimize the drying process. Due to limitations of temperature and residence time, vacuum was added to enable sufficient drying. In-line NIR spectroscopy was incorporated into the twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG) process to monitor the moisture content of wet granules in real-time. The set-up was optimized and a predictive model was developed for future experiments. This study demonstrated the success of this technique on a pilot-scale (18-mm) extruder for the first time. Granules were formed and dried to a target loss on drying (LOD) of less than 2 % at moderate temperatures (100 °C - 110 °C) with one single operation. Streamlining wet granulation and drying into one unit operation can have a profound impact on pharmaceutical manufacturing reducing time, footprint, and environmental exposure due to reduced product transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe Haser
- Oral Formulation Sciences and Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Nada Kittikunakorn
- Oral Formulation Sciences and Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Erin Dippold
- Process Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - James C DiNunzio
- Oral Formulation Sciences and Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - William Blincoe
- Process Analytical Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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9
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Grelier A, Zadravec M, Remmelgas J, Forgber T, Colacino F, Pilcer G, Stauffer F, Hörmann-Kincses T. Model-Guided Development of a Semi-Continuous Drying Process. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2005-2016. [PMID: 35974124 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With an increased adoption of continuous manufacturing for pharmaceutical production, the ConsiGma® CTL25 wet granulation and tableting line has reached widespread use. In addition to the continuous granulation step, the semi-continuous six-segmented fluid bed dryer is a key unit in the line. The dryer is expected to have an even distribution of the inlet air between the six drying cells. However, process observations during manufacturing runs showed a repeatable pattern in drying time, which suggests a variability in the drying performance between the different cells of the dryer. The aim of this work is to understand the root-cause of this variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a first step, the variability in the air temperature and air flow velocity between the dryer cells was measured on an empty dryer. In a second step, the experimental data were interpreted with the help of results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to better understand the reasons for the observed variability. RESULTS The CFD simulations were used to identify one cause of the measured difference in the air temperature, showing the impact of the air inlet design on the temperature distribution in the dryer. CONCLUSIONS Although the simulation could not predict the exact temperature, the trend was similar to the experimental observations, demonstrating the added value of this type of simulation to guide process development, engineering decisions and troubleshoot equipment performance variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Grelier
- UCB Pharma S.A, Allée de La Recherche, 60 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Franco Colacino
- UCB Pharma S.A, Allée de La Recherche, 60 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Pilcer
- UCB Pharma S.A, Allée de La Recherche, 60 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fanny Stauffer
- UCB Pharma S.A, Allée de La Recherche, 60 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Luong VT, Wang Y, Zurrer T, Scott JA, Selomulya C. Magnesium Citrate Powders from Waste Bitterns via Crystallization and Spray Drying. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Tri Luong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- EcoMag Ltd, Sydney, NSW 2067, Australia
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy Zurrer
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jason Anthony Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cordelia Selomulya
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Vandevivere L, Denduyver P, Portier C, Häusler O, De Beer T, Vervaet C, Vanhoorne V. The Effect of Binder Types on the Breakage and Drying Behavior of Granules in a Semi-Continuous Fluid Bed Dryer after Twin Screw Wet Granulation. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121449. [PMID: 34999149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current study investigated the effect of different binder types on the granule drying process and the granule breakage behavior in a semi-continuous fluid bed dryer integrated in the C25 ConsiGma-system. The studied binders (i.e. hydroxypropyl pea starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E15, polyvinylpyrrolidone K12, and starch octenyl succinate CO 01) required different liquid amounts to produce similar granule quality. These different liquid requirements were translated into different drying conditions for each binder to result in sufficiently dry granules at the end of a drying cycle. By comparing the size distribution of the granules before entering and after exiting the fluid bed dryer, granule breakage could be evaluated. No effect of the binder type on the granule breakage during drying was observed. However, differences in granule breakage were observed for the binders when processed with the horizontal set-up of the C25 system, as granule breakage during pneumatic transport depended on the binder type. Only one binder (hydroxypropyl pea starch) allowed to avoid granule breakage during the entire process. Furthermore, this research showed that the drying process was mainly steered by the liquid requirements for granulation, and that these liquid requirements depended on the binder used.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vandevivere
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Denduyver
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Portier
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - O Häusler
- Roquette Frères, Rue de la Haute Loge, 62136 Lestrem, France
| | - T De Beer
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vervaet
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Impedance Spectroscopy Sensing Material Properties for Self-Tuning Ratio Control in Pharmaceutical Industry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Following the paradigm shift in the pharmaceutical industry from batch to continuous production, additional instrumentation and revision of control strategies to optimize material flow throughout the downstream processes are required. Tableting manufacturing is one of the most productive in terms of turnover and investment into new sensor technologies is an important decision-making step. This paper proposes a continuous solution to detect changes in material properties, and a control algorithm to aid in minimizing risk at the end-product line. Some of the sub-processes involved in tableting manufacturing perform changes in powder and liquid mixtures, granulation, density, therefore changing flow conditions of the raw material. Using impedance spectroscopy in a continuous sensing and monitoring context, it is possible to perform online identification of generalized (fractional) order parametric models where the coefficients are correlated to changes in material properties. The model parameters are then included in a self-tuning control gain used in ratio control as part of the local process control loop. The solution proposed here is easy to implement and poses a significant added value to the current state of art in pharmaceutical manufacturing technologies.
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Vanhoorne V, Kumar A. Advances in Twin-Screw Granulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010046. [PMID: 35056942 PMCID: PMC8779887 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (A.K.); Tel.: +32-(0)9-264-80-91 (V.V. & A.K.)
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Group (PharmaEng), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (A.K.); Tel.: +32-(0)9-264-80-91 (V.V. & A.K.)
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Jakubowska E, Ciepluch N. Blend Segregation in Tablets Manufacturing and Its Effect on Drug Content Uniformity-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111909. [PMID: 34834324 PMCID: PMC8620778 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Content uniformity (CU) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a critical quality attribute of tablets as a dosage form, ensuring reproducible drug potency. Failure to meet the accepted uniformity in the final product may be caused either by suboptimal mixing and insufficient initial blend homogeneity, or may result from further particle segregation during storage, transfer or the compression process itself. This review presents the most relevant powder segregation mechanisms in tablet manufacturing and summarizes the currently available, up-to-date research on segregation and uniformity loss at the various stages of production process—the blend transfer from the bulk container to the tablet press, filling and discharge from the feeding hopper, as well as die filling. Formulation and processing factors affecting the occurrence of segregation and tablets’ CU are reviewed and recommendations for minimizing the risk of content uniformity failure in tablets are considered herein, including the perspective of continuous manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Jakubowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Ciepluch
- Department of Medical Rescue, Chair of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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Portier C, Vervaet C, Vanhoorne V. Continuous Twin Screw Granulation: A Review of Recent Progress and Opportunities in Formulation and Equipment Design. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:668. [PMID: 34066921 PMCID: PMC8148523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous twin screw wet granulation is one of the key continuous manufacturing technologies that have gained significant interest in the pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia over the last ten years. Given its considerable advantages compared to wet granulation techniques operated in batch mode such as high shear granulation and fluid bed granulation, several equipment manufacturers have designed their own manufacturing setup. This has led to a steep increase in the research output in this field. However, most studies still focused on a single (often placebo) formulation, hence making it difficult to assess the general validity of the obtained results. Therefore, current review provides an overview of recent progress in the field of continuous twin screw wet granulation, with special focus on the importance of the formulation aspect and raw material properties. It gives practical guidance for novel and more experienced users of this technique and highlights some of the unmet needs that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (C.P.); (C.V.)
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