Activation of Deoxyribonuclease I by Nicotinamide as a New Strategy to Attenuate Tetracycline-Resistant Biofilms of Cutibacterium acnes

Mechanistic Insights into the Multiple Functions of Niacinamide: Therapeutic Implications and Cosmeceutical Applications in Functional Skincare Products

Niacinamide (or nicotinamide) is a small-molecule hydrosoluble vitamin with essential metabolic functions in mammalian cells. Niacinamide has become a key functional ingredient in diverse skincare products and cosmetics. This vitamin plays a pivotal role in NAD+ synthesis, notably contributing to redox reactions and energy production in cutaneous cells. Via diversified biochemical mechanisms, niacinamide is also known to influence human DNA repair and cellular stress responses. Based on decades of safe use in cosmetics, niacinamide recently gained widespread popularity as an active ingredient which aligns with the "Kligman standards" in skincare. From a therapeutic standpoint, the intrinsic properties of niacinamide may be applied to managing acne vulgaris, melasma, and psoriasis. From a cosmeceutical standpoint, niacinamide has been widely leveraged as a multipurpose antiaging ingredient. Therein, it was shown to significantly reduce cutaneous oxidative stress, inflammation, and pigmentation. Overall, through multimodal mechanisms, niacinamide may be considered to partially prevent and/or reverse several biophysical changes associated with skin aging. The present narrative review provides multifactorial insights into the mechanisms of niacinamide's therapeutic and cosmeceutical functions. The ingredient's evolving role in skincare was critically appraised, with a strong focus on the biochemical mechanisms at play. Finally, novel indications and potential applications of niacinamide in dermal fillers and alternative injectable formulations were prospectively explored.

Nicotinamide employs a starvation strategy against Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence by inhibiting the heme uptake system and gingipain activities

Periodontitis is a common oral bacterial infection characterized by inflammatory responses. Its high prevalence lowers the quality of life for individuals and increases the global economic and disease burden. As microorganisms in dental plaque are responsible for this oral disease, antibacterial drug treatments are effective strategies for preventing and treating periodontitis. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide (NAM), a vitamin B3 derivative, on the growth and virulence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key member of the red complex. Our findings revealed that NAM inhibited bacterial growth and gingipain activities, which played a dominant role in protein hydrolysis and heme acquisition. NAM decreased hemagglutination and hemolysis abilities and changed hemin and hemoglobin binding capacities, controlling bacterial infection through a starvation strategy by blocking access to growth-essential nutrients from the outside and reducing bacterial virulence. Several experiments in an animal model showed the effectiveness of NAM in preventing alveolar bone loss and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, shedding light on its potential therapeutic applicability.

[Research Progress in Niacinamide in the Prevention and Treatment of Mouth and Systemic Diseases]

Nicotinamide (NAM) is the amide form of niacin and one of the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +). NAM can be used as a dietary supplement or clinical therapeutic drug to replenish NAD + levels in the human body and participate in key bodily functions such as cellular metabolism and DNA repair. NAM has the advantage of low cost, wide availability, and sound biosafety. It also has multiple biological functions, including antibacterial effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and modulation of cellular immunity, producing significant ameliorative effects on skin and neurodegenerative diseases. However, most studies on NAM are still at the laboratory stage. Herein we reviewed the role and mechanism of NAM in the prevention and treatment of oral and systemic diseases, explored its potential as clinical therapeutic medication, provided some basis and references for the clinical application of nicotinamide in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, and discussed its prospects for future research and application.

The Synergy between Pharmacological Regimens and Dermocosmetics and Its Impact on Adherence in Acne Treatment

Background

Acne is the most common inflammatory skin disease in adolescence. It is also prevalent in adults, especially females. The disease has a considerable impact on health-related quality of life. Many studies have reported the negative impact of acne on patients due to skin disfigurement, ineffective treatment, and adverse effects of the treatment. Numerous factors contribute towards nonadherence to therapy. Summary. This review discusses the various factors that are related to treatment nonadherence such as ineffective therapy, adverse effects with topical pharmacotherapy such as skin irritation and erythema as well as patient-related factors such as lack of knowledge of disease and a poor patient-physician relationship. Various methods are being adopted to increase adherence to treatments. Increased adherence to acne therapy has been associated with the use of dermocosmetics, such as moisturizers and cleansers. Encouraging the use of dermocosmetics in synergy with pharmacological regimens could support improved treatment adherence resulting in better clinical outcomes for acne patients.

Conclusion

Dermocosmetics as an adjunct to pharmacological regimens has the potential to improve clinical outcomes by increasing treatment adherence in patients with acne.