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Fang H, Wang M, Wei P, Liu Q, Su Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Su Z, He W. Molecular probes for super-resolution imaging of drug dynamics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115330. [PMID: 38735627 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Super-resolution molecular probes (SRMPs) are essential tools for visualizing drug dynamics within cells, transcending the resolution limits of conventional microscopy. In this review, we provide an overview of the principles and design strategies of SRMPs, emphasizing their role in accurately tracking drug molecules. By illuminating the intricate processes of drug distribution, diffusion, uptake, and metabolism at a subcellular and molecular level, SRMPs offer crucial insights into therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we explore the practical applications of super-resolution imaging in disease treatment, highlighting the significance of SRMPs in advancing our understanding of drug action. Finally, we discuss future perspectives, envisioning potential advancements and innovations in this field. Overall, this review serves to inform and practitioners about the utility of SRMPs in driving innovation and progress in pharmacology, providing valuable insights for drug development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210013, China
| | - Pengfan Wei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Diaz-Gonzalez J, Arriaga LG, Casanova-Moreno JR. Probing the influence of crosslinkers on the properties, response, and degradation of enzymatic hydrogels for electrochemical glucose biosensing through fluorescence analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9514-9528. [PMID: 38516160 PMCID: PMC10953846 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Drop-cast crosslinked hydrogels are a common platform for enzymatic electrochemical biosensors. Despite the widespread use of these complex systems, there are still several questions about how their physicochemical properties affect their performance, stability, and reproducibility. In this work, first-generation faradaic biosensors composed of glucose oxidase and branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) are prepared using either glutaraldehyde (GA) or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) as crosslinkers. While EGDGE gels present an increasing electrochemical response with increasing crosslinker concentration, the current of GA gels decreases at high crosslinker concentration probably due to the hampered diffusion on tightly networked gels. We compared different strategies to use fluorescence microscopy to gain insight into the gel structure either by labeling the gel components with fluorophores or taking advantage of the intrinsic fluorescence of the imines formed upon crosslinking with GA. By monitoring the fluorescence of the crosslinking bonds and the electrochemical response, we demonstrate that hydrolysis, a common hydrogel degradation mechanism, is not responsible for the loss of electrical current over time in gels prepared with glutaraldehyde. Most hydrogel-based electrochemical biosensor studies do not perform specific experiments to determine the cause of the degradation and instead just infer it from the dependence of the current on the preparation conditions (most commonly concentrations). We show that, by taking advantage of several analytical techniques, it is possible to gain more knowledge about the degradation mechanisms and design better enzymatic biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jancarlo Diaz-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica Pedro Escobedo Querétaro 76703 Mexico
| | - L G Arriaga
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica Pedro Escobedo Querétaro 76703 Mexico
| | - Jannu R Casanova-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica Pedro Escobedo Querétaro 76703 Mexico
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Zhang C, Tian Z, Chen R, Rowan F, Qiu K, Sun Y, Guan JL, Diao J. Advanced imaging techniques for tracking drug dynamics at the subcellular level. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114978. [PMID: 37385544 PMCID: PMC10527994 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopes are an important imaging tool that have effectively advanced the development of modern biomedicine. In recent years, super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has become one of the most popular techniques in the life sciences, especially in the field of living cell imaging. SRM has been used to solve many problems in basic biological research and has great potential in clinical application. In particular, the use of SRM to study drug delivery and kinetics at the subcellular level enables researchers to better study drugs' mechanisms of action and to assess the efficacy of their targets in vivo. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent advances in SRM and to highlight some of its applications in assessing subcellular drug dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Fiona Rowan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Carton F, Malatesta M. Assessing the interactions between nanoparticles and biological barriers in vitro: a new challenge for microscopy techniques in nanomedicine. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoconstructs intended to be used as biomedical tool must be assessed for their capability to cross biological barriers. However, studying in vivo the permeability of biological barriers to nanoparticles is quite difficult due to the many structural and functional factors involved. Therefore, the in vitro modeling of biological barriers -2D cell monocultures, 2D/3D cell co-cultures, microfluidic devices- is gaining more and more relevance in nanomedical research. Microscopy techniques play a crucial role in these studies, as they allow both visualizing nanoparticles inside the biological barrier and evaluating their impact on the barrier components. This paper provides an overview of the various microscopical approaches used to investigate nanoparticle translocation through in vitro biological barrier models. The high number of scientific articles reported highlights the great contribution of the morphological and histochemical approach to the knowledge of the dynamic interactions between nanoconstructs and the living environment.
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Moud AA. Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching in Colloidal Science: Introduction and Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1028-1048. [PMID: 35201752 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching) is a method for determining diffusion in material science. In industrial applications such as medications, foods, Medtech, hygiene, and textiles, the diffusion process has a substantial influence on the overall qualities of goods. All these complex and heterogeneous systems have diffusion-based processes at the local level. FRAP is a fluorescence-based approach for detecting diffusion; in this method, a high-intensity laser is made for a brief period and then applied to the samples, bleaching the fluorescent chemical inside the region, which is subsequently filled up by natural diffusion. This brief Review will focus on the existing research on employing FRAP to measure colloidal system heterogeneity and explore diffusion into complicated structures. This description of FRAP will be followed by a discussion of how FRAP is intended to be used in colloidal science. When constructing the current Review, the most recent publications were reviewed for this assessment. Because of the large number of FRAP articles in colloidal research, there is currently a dearth of knowledge regarding the growth of FRAP's significance to colloidal science. Colloids make up only 2% of FRAP papers, according to ISI Web of Knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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6
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Advanced molecular imaging for the characterisation of complex medicines. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1716-1723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Urimi D, Hellsing M, Mahmoudi N, Söderberg C, Widenbring R, Gedda L, Edwards K, Loftsson T, Schipper N. Structural Characterization Study of a Lipid Nanocapsule Formulation Intended for Drug Delivery Applications Using Small-Angle Scattering Techniques. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1068-1077. [PMID: 35226500 PMCID: PMC8985204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
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Lipid nanocapsules
(LNCs) are increasingly being used for various
drug delivery applications due to their versatile nature and ability
to carry a wide variety of therapeutic drug molecules. In the present
investigation, small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS)
techniques were used to elucidate the structure of LNCs. Overall,
size measurements obtained from SAXS and SANS techniques were complemented
with dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and cryogenic transmission
electron microscopy measurements. The structural aspects of LNCs can
be affected by drug loading and the properties of the drug. Here,
the impact of drug loading on the overall structure was evaluated
using DF003 as a model drug molecule. LNCs with varying compositions
were prepared using a phase inversion method. Combined analysis of
SAXS and SANS measurements indicated the presence of a core–shell
structure in the LNCs. Further, the drug loading did not alter the
overall core–shell structure of the LNCs. SANS data revealed
that the core size remained unchanged with a radius of 20.0 ±
0.9 nm for unloaded LNCs and 20.2 ± 0.6 nm for drug-loaded LNCs.
Furthermore, interestingly, the shell becomes thicker in an order
of ∼1 nm in presence of the drug compared to the shell thickness
of unloaded LNCs as demonstrated by SAXS data. This can be correlated
with the strong association of hydrophilic DF003 with Kolliphor HS
15, a polyethylene glycol-based surfactant that predominantly makes
up the shell, resulting in a drug-rich hydrated shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep Urimi
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 151 36, Sweden.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, Reykjavík IS-107, Iceland
| | - Maja Hellsing
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 151 36, Sweden
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Christopher Söderberg
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 151 36, Sweden
| | - Ronja Widenbring
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 151 36, Sweden
| | - Lars Gedda
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 573, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Katarina Edwards
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 573, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, Reykjavík IS-107, Iceland
| | - Nicolaas Schipper
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development, Forskargatan 18, Södertälje 151 36, Sweden
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