1
|
de Macêdo LS, de Pinho SS, Silva AJD, de Moura IA, Espinoza BCF, da Conceição Viana Invenção M, Novis PVS, da Gama MATM, do Nascimento Carvalho M, Leal LRS, Cruz BIS, Bandeira BMA, Santos VEP, de Freitas AC. Understanding yeast shells: structure, properties and applications. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:299-317. [PMID: 38720922 PMCID: PMC11075163 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The employment of yeasts for biomedical purposes has become increasingly frequent for the delivery of prophylactic and therapeutic products. Its structural components, such as β-glucans, mannan, and chitin, can be explored as immunostimulators that show safety and low toxicity. Besides, this system minimizes antigen degradation after administration, facilitating the delivery to the target cells. Review approach This review sought to present molecules derived from yeast, called yeast shells (YS), and their applications as carrier vehicles for drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids for immunotherapy purposes. Furthermore, due to the diversity of information regarding the production and immunostimulation of these compounds, a survey of the protocols and immune response profiles generated was presented. Key results The use of YS has allowed the development of strategies that combine efficiency and effectiveness in antigen delivery. The capsular structure can be recognized and phagocytized by dendritic cells and macrophages. In addition, the combination with different molecules, such as nanoparticles or even additional adjuvants, improves the cargo loading, enhancing the system. Activation by specific immune pathways can also be achieved by different administration routes. Conclusion Yeast derivatives combined in different ways can increase immunostimulation, enhancing the delivery of medicines and vaccine antigens. These aspects, combined with the simplicity of the production steps, make these strategies more accessible to be applied in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy - LEMTE; Department of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco; Pernambuco - Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Afrin H, Geetha Bai R, Kumar R, Ahmad SS, Agarwal SK, Nurunnabi M. Oral delivery of RNAi for cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:699-724. [PMID: 36971908 PMCID: PMC10040933 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health concern worldwide and is still in a continuous surge of seeking for effective treatments. Since the discovery of RNAi and their mechanism of action, it has shown promises in targeted therapy for various diseases including cancer. The ability of RNAi to selectively silence the carcinogenic gene makes them ideal as cancer therapeutics. Oral delivery is the ideal route of administration of drug administration because of its patients' compliance and convenience. However, orally administered RNAi, for instance, siRNA, must cross various extracellular and intracellular biological barriers before it reaches the site of action. It is very challenging and important to keep the siRNA stable until they reach to the targeted site. Harsh pH, thick mucus layer, and nuclease enzyme prevent siRNA to diffuse through the intestinal wall and thereby induce a therapeutic effect. After entering the cell, siRNA is subjected to lysosomal degradation. Over the years, various approaches have been taken into consideration to overcome these challenges for oral RNAi delivery. Therefore, understanding the challenges and recent development is crucial to offer a novel and advanced approach for oral RNAi delivery. Herein, we have summarized the delivery strategies for oral delivery RNAi and recent advancement towards the preclinical stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humayra Afrin
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Renu Geetha Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Sheikh Shafin Ahmad
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghaemi A, Vakili-Azghandi M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Oral non-viral gene delivery platforms for therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123198. [PMID: 37406949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Since gene therapy can regulate gene and protein expression directly, it has a great potential to prevent or treat a variety of genetic or acquired diseases through vaccines such as viral infections, cystic fibrosis, and cancer. Owing to their high efficacy, in vivo gene therapy trials are usually conducted intravenously, which is usually costly and invasive. There are several advantages to oral drug administration over intravenous injections, such as better patient compliance, ease of use, and lower cost. However, gene therapy is successful if the oligonucleotides can cross the cell membrane easily and reach the nucleus after the endosomal escape. In order to accomplish this task and deliver the cargo to the intended location, appropriate delivery systems should be introduced. This review summarizes oral delivery systems developed for effective gene delivery, vaccination, and treatment of various diseases. Studies have also shown that oral delivery approaches are potentially applicable to treat various diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease, stomach, and colorectal cancers. Also, the current review provides an update overview on the development of non-viral and oral gene delivery techniques for gene therapy and vaccination purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ghaemi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoume Vakili-Azghandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Advances in Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Challenges and Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020484. [PMID: 36839807 PMCID: PMC9960885 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral route is the most preferred route for systemic and local drug delivery. However, the oral drug delivery system faces the harsh physiological and physicochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract, which limits the bioavailability and targeted design of oral drug delivery system. Innovative pharmaceutical approaches including nanoparticulate formulations, biomimetic drug formulations, and microfabricated devices have been explored to optimize drug targeting and bioavailability. In this review, the anatomical factors, biochemical factors, and physiology factors that influence delivering drug via oral route are discussed and recent advance in conventional and novel oral drug delivery approaches for improving drug bioavailability and targeting ability are highlighted. We also address the challenges and opportunities of oral drug delivery systems in future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu N, Zhu L, Zhang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Luo J, He L, Hao Z, Zhang L. Immunomodulatory effect and safety of TNF-α RNAi mediated by oral yeast microcapsules in rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100384. [PMID: 35991628 PMCID: PMC9386491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that requires long-term treatment and monitoring. Inhibition of inflammatory gene expression by gene therapy is a significant breakthrough in RA treatment, but the lack of a safe and effective gene delivery system hinders its application. Since oral administration can significantly reduce wound infection caused by parenteral administration, it also has the advantages of high patient compliance and convenience. Therefore, oral administration may be the best option for the treatment of this chronic disease. In this study, we developed a novel oral drug system by delivering tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mediated by non-pathogenic yeast to evaluate its regulation of systemic immune inflammation and safety in RA. Non-pathogenic yeast can resist the destruction of the gastrointestinal acid-base environment and can be recognized by the intestinal macrophages and act on systemic inflammatory lesions. Oral administration of yeast-mediated TNF-α shRNA significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α predominant pro-inflammatory factors in intestinal macrophages and joint synovium, and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and M2 macrophages, systematically regulating the inflammatory response. This yeast-mediated oral gene delivery system can not only significantly inhibit knee joint synovial inflammation, but also has no toxic effects on peripheral blood and major organs. Therefore, yeast-mediated oral delivery of TNF-α shRNA may be used as a novel gene therapy strategy to treat RA through immunomodulating the mononuclear phagocyte system from the intestine to the joint synovium, and ultimately regulating systemic and local immune inflammation, providing new ideas for the clinical treatment of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Xi'an Fifth Hospital, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an, 710082, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhiming Hao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Petersen N, Greiner TU, Torz L, Bookout A, Gerstenberg MK, Castorena CM, Kuhre RE. Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010039. [PMID: 35050161 PMCID: PMC8778595 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is caused by prolonged energy surplus. Current anti-obesity medications are mostly centralized around the energy input part of the energy balance equation by increasing satiety and reducing appetite. Our gastrointestinal tract is a key organ for regulation of food intake and supplies a tremendous number of circulating signals that modulate the activity of appetite-regulating areas of the brain by either direct interaction or through the vagus nerve. Intestinally derived messengers are manifold and include absorbed nutrients, microbial metabolites, gut hormones and other enterokines, collectively comprising a fine-tuned signalling system to the brain. After a meal, nutrients directly interact with appetite-inhibiting areas of the brain and induce satiety. However, overall feeding behaviour also depends on secretion of gut hormones produced by highly specialized and sensitive enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, circulating microbial metabolites and their interactions with enteroendocrine cells further contribute to the regulation of feeding patterns. Current therapies exploiting the appetite-regulating properties of the gut are based on chemically modified versions of the gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or on inhibitors of the primary GLP-1 inactivating enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The effectiveness of these approaches shows that that the gut is a promising target for therapeutic interventions to achieve significant weigh loss. We believe that increasing understanding of the functionality of the intestinal epithelium and new delivery systems will help develop selective and safe gut-based therapeutic strategies for improved obesity treatment in the future. Here, we provide an overview of the major homeostatic appetite-regulating signals generated by the intestinal epithelial cells and how these signals may be harnessed to treat obesity by pharmacological means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petersen
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas U. Greiner
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Lola Torz
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angie Bookout
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Marina Kjærgaard Gerstenberg
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Carlos M. Castorena
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|