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Razipour M, Jamali Z, Khorsand M, Zargar M, Maghsudlu M, Ghadami E, Shakoori A. Circular RNAs in laryngeal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2025; 564:119916. [PMID: 39153653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Laryngeal cancer remains a significant global health concern, with poor prognosis for advanced-stage disease highlighting the need for novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of covalently closed non-coding RNAs, have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and cellular processes in various cancers, including laryngeal cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of circRNAs in laryngeal cancer, covering their biogenesis, regulatory mechanisms, and potential clinical applications. We explore the diverse functions of circRNAs, including their roles as miRNA sponges, protein interactors, and direct mRNA regulators, and their influence on key cellular processes such as proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The review highlights promising circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets. We also outline current strategies for circRNA modulation, including suppression techniques like RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas systems, and overexpression methods using vectors and synthetic circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Razipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Khorsand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Zargar
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddese Maghsudlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shakoori
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Institute of Iran, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Hu Z, Liu Q, Ouyang B, Wang G, Wei C, Zhao X. Recent advances in genetic engineering to enhance plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzyme expression in Penicillium oxalicum: A brief review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134775. [PMID: 39153674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
With the depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels, there has been an increasing emphasis on renewable biomass. Penicillium oxalicum is notable for its exceptional capacity to secrete a diverse array of enzymes that degrade plant polysaccharides into monosaccharides. These valuable monosaccharides can be harnessed in the production of bioethanol and other sustainable forms of energy. By enhancing the production of plant-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (PPDEs) in P. oxalicum, we can optimize the utilization of plant biomass. This paper presents recent advances in augmenting PPDE expression in P. oxalicum through genetic engineering strategies involving protoplast preparation, transformation, and factors influencing PPDE gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Hu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiling Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Bei Ouyang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chenyang Wei
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xihua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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3
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Tafech B, Rokhforouz MR, Leung J, Sung MM, Lin PJ, Sin DD, Lauster D, Block S, Quon BS, Tam Y, Cullis P, Feng JJ, Hedtrich S. Exploring Mechanisms of Lipid Nanoparticle-Mucus Interactions in Healthy and Cystic Fibrosis Conditions. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304525. [PMID: 38563726 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mucus forms the first defense line of human lungs, and as such hampers the efficient delivery of therapeutics to the underlying epithelium. This holds particularly true for genetic cargo such as CRISPR-based gene editing tools which cannot readily surmount the mucosal barrier. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerge as versatile non-viral gene delivery systems that can help overcome the delivery challenge, many knowledge gaps remain, especially for diseased states such as cystic fibrosis (CF). This study provides fundamental insights into Cas9 mRNA or ribonucleoprotein-loaded LNP-mucus interactions in healthy and diseased states by assessing the impact of the genetic cargo, mucin sialylation, mucin concentration, ionic strength, pH, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration and nature on LNP diffusivity leveraging experimental approaches and Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. Taken together, this study identifies key mucus and LNP characteristics that are critical to enabling a rational LNP design for transmucosal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Tafech
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rokhforouz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Molly Mh Sung
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paulo Jc Lin
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceuticals, Freie Universität Berlin, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Block
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bradley S Quon
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - James J Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Center of Biological Design, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Guri-Lamce I, AlRokh Y, Kim Y, Maeshima R, Graham C, Hart SL, McGrath JA, Jacków-Malinowska J. Topical gene editing therapeutics using lipid nanoparticles: 'gene creams' for genetic skin diseases? Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:617-627. [PMID: 38149939 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Patients living with inherited skin diseases have benefited from recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies that provide new or improved diagnostics. However, developing and delivering new treatments for the 'genodermatoses' remains challenging. The goal of creating topical preparations that can recover the inherent gene pathology remains largely aspirational. However, recent progress in two fields - the chemistry of topical delivery formulations (lipid nanoparticles) and the molecular biology of gene repair (CRISPR-Cas9, base and prime editing) - presents new opportunities to address this unmet need. In this review, we discuss how lipid nanoparticle delivery vehicles could be used to deliver gene-editing tools to formulate topical 'gene creams' suitable for the treatment of genodermatoses. We summarize the historical landscape of topical therapeutics and advances in gene editing that may herald an era of new therapies for patients with inherited skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Guri-Lamce
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yara AlRokh
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Youngah Kim
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruhina Maeshima
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Carina Graham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Xu F, Zheng C, Xu W, Zhang S, Liu S, Chen X, Yao K. Breaking genetic shackles: The advance of base editing in genetic disorder treatment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364135. [PMID: 38510648 PMCID: PMC10953296 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of gene editing technology has markedly improved the outlook for treating genetic diseases. Base editing, recognized as an exceptionally precise genetic modification tool, is emerging as a focus in the realm of genetic disease therapy. We provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and delivery methods of cytosine base editors (CBE), adenine base editors (ABE), and RNA base editors, with a particular focus on their applications and recent research advances in the treatment of genetic diseases. We have also explored the potential challenges faced by base editing technology in treatment, including aspects such as targeting specificity, safety, and efficacy, and have enumerated a series of possible solutions to propel the clinical translation of base editing technology. In conclusion, this article not only underscores the present state of base editing technology but also envisions its tremendous potential in the future, providing a novel perspective on the treatment of genetic diseases. It underscores the vast potential of base editing technology in the realm of genetic medicine, providing support for the progression of gene medicine and the development of innovative approaches to genetic disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyan Zheng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Walther J, Porenta D, Wilbie D, Seinen C, Benne N, Yang Q, de Jong OG, Lei Z, Mastrobattista E. Comparative analysis of lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 RNP versus mRNA/sgRNA for gene editing in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 196:114207. [PMID: 38325664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The discovery that the bacterial defense mechanism, CRISPR-Cas9, can be reprogrammed as a gene editing tool has revolutionized the field of gene editing. CRISPR-Cas9 can introduce a double-strand break at a specific targeted site within the genome. Subsequent intracellular repair mechanisms repair the double strand break that can either lead to gene knock-out (via the non-homologous end-joining pathway) or specific gene correction in the presence of a DNA template via homology-directed repair. With the latter, pathological mutations can be cut out and repaired. Advances are being made to utilize CRISPR-Cas9 in patients by incorporating its components into non-viral delivery vehicles that will protect them from premature degradation and deliver them to the targeted tissues. Herein, CRISPR-Cas9 can be delivered in the form of three different cargos: plasmid DNA, RNA or a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). We and others have recently shown that Cas9 RNP can be efficiently formulated in lipid-nanoparticles (LNP) leading to functional delivery in vitro. In this study, we compared LNP encapsulating the mRNA Cas9, sgRNA and HDR template against LNP containing Cas9-RNP and HDR template. Former showed smaller particle sizes, better protection against degrading enzymes and higher gene editing efficiencies on both reporter HEK293T cells and HEPA 1-6 cells in in vitro assays. Both formulations were additionally tested in female Ai9 mice on biodistribution and gene editing efficiency after systemic administration. LNP delivering mRNA Cas9 were retained mainly in the liver, with LNP delivering Cas9-RNPs additionally found in the spleen and lungs. Finally, gene editing in mice could only be concluded for LNP delivering mRNA Cas9 and sgRNA. These LNPs resulted in 60 % gene knock-out in hepatocytes. Delivery of mRNA Cas9 as cargo format was thereby concluded to surpass Cas9-RNP for application of CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Walther
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Deja Porenta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Danny Wilbie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Seinen
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naomi Benne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Qiangbing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gerrit de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Wang J, Zhang X, Chen H, Ren H, Zhou M, Zhao Y. Engineered stem cells by emerging biomedical stratagems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:248-279. [PMID: 38101962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds immense potential as a viable treatment for a widespread range of intractable disorders. As the safety of stem cell transplantation having been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials, various kinds of stem cells are currently utilized in medical applications. Despite the achievements, the therapeutic benefits of stem cells for diseases are limited, and the data of clinical researches are unstable. To optimize tthe effectiveness of stem cells, engineering approaches have been developed to enhance their inherent abilities and impart them with new functionalities, paving the way for the next generation of stem cell therapies. This review offers a detailed analysis of engineered stem cells, including their clinical applications and potential for future development. We begin by briefly introducing the recent advances in the production of stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)). Furthermore, we present the latest developments of engineered strategies in stem cells, including engineered methods in molecular biology and biomaterial fields, and their application in biomedical research. Finally, we summarize the current obstacles and suggest future prospects for engineered stem cells in clinical translations and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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Evmenov K, Pustogarov N, Panteleev D, Safin A, Alkalaeva E. An Efficient Expression and Purification Protocol for SpCas9 Nuclease and Evaluation of Different Delivery Methods of Ribonucleoprotein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1622. [PMID: 38338898 PMCID: PMC10855156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system is a revolutionary tool for precise genome editing across various cell types. Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), encompassing the Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA), have emerged as a promising technique due to their increased specificity and reduced off-target effects. This method eliminates the need for plasmid DNA introduction, thereby preventing potential integration of foreign DNA into the target cell genome. Given the requirement for large quantities of highly purified protein in various Cas9 studies, we present an efficient and simple method for the preparation of recombinant Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) protein. This method leverages the Small Ubiquitin Like Modifier(SUMO) tag system, which includes metal-affinity chromatography followed by anion-exchange chromatography purification. Furthermore, we compare two methods of CRISPR-Cas9 system delivery into cells: transfection with plasmid DNA encoding the CRISPR-Cas9 system and RNP transfection with the Cas9-gRNA complex. We estimate the efficiency of genomic editing and protein lifespan post-transfection. Intriguingly, we found that RNP treatment of cells, even in the absence of a transfection system, is a relatively efficient method for RNP delivery into cell culture. This discovery is particularly promising as it can significantly reduce cytotoxicity, which is crucial for certain cell cultures such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Evmenov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.E.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolay Pustogarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.E.); (N.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitri Panteleev
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Artur Safin
- Department of Biology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Alkalaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.E.); (N.P.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, The Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Feng S, Xie X, Liu J, Li A, Wang Q, Guo D, Li S, Li Y, Wang Z, Guo T, Zhou J, Tang DYY, Show PL. A potential paradigm in CRISPR/Cas systems delivery: at the crossroad of microalgal gene editing and algal-mediated nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:370. [PMID: 37817254 PMCID: PMC10563294 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae as the photosynthetic organisms offer enormous promise in a variety of industries, such as the generation of high-value byproducts, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation, and others. With the rapid advancement of gene editing technology, CRISPR/Cas system has evolved into an effective tool that revolutionised the genetic engineering of microalgae due to its robustness, high target specificity, and programmability. However, due to the lack of robust delivery system, the efficacy of gene editing is significantly impaired, limiting its application in microalgae. Nanomaterials have become a potential delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas systems due to their advantages of precise targeting, high stability, safety, and improved immune system. Notably, algal-mediated nanoparticles (AMNPs), especially the microalgae-derived nanoparticles, are appealing as a sustainable delivery platform because of their biocompatibility and low toxicity in a homologous relationship. In addition, living microalgae demonstrated effective and regulated distribution into specified areas as the biohybrid microrobots. This review extensively summarised the uses of CRISPR/Cas systems in microalgae and the recent developments of nanoparticle-based CRISPR/Cas delivery systems. A systematic description of the properties and uses of AMNPs, microalgae-derived nanoparticles, and microalgae microrobots has also been discussed. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future research directions for the development of gene-edited microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Aifang Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Doris Ying Ying Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Dubey AK, Mostafavi E. Biomaterials-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 delivery: recent challenges and opportunities in gene therapy. Front Chem 2023; 11:1259435. [PMID: 37841202 PMCID: PMC10568484 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1259435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomaterials in delivering CRISPR/Cas9 for gene therapy in infectious diseases holds tremendous potential. This innovative approach combines the advantages of CRISPR/Cas9 with the protective properties of biomaterials, enabling accurate and efficient gene editing while enhancing safety. Biomaterials play a vital role in shielding CRISPR/Cas9 components, such as lipid nanoparticles or viral vectors, from immunological processes and degradation, extending their effectiveness. By utilizing the flexibility of biomaterials, tailored systems can be designed to address specific genetic diseases, paving the way for personalized therapeutics. Furthermore, this delivery method offers promising avenues in combating viral illnesses by precisely modifying pathogen genomes, and reducing their pathogenicity. Biomaterials facilitate site-specific gene modifications, ensuring effective delivery to infected cells while minimizing off-target effects. However, challenges remain, including optimizing delivery efficiency, reducing off-target effects, ensuring long-term safety, and establishing scalable production techniques. Thorough research, pre-clinical investigations, and rigorous safety evaluations are imperative for successful translation from the laboratory to clinical applications. In this review, we discussed how CRISPR/Cas9 delivery using biomaterials revolutionizes gene therapy and infectious disease treatment, offering precise and safe editing capabilities with the potential to significantly improve human health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Global Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Institute of Scholars, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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Sun Y, Xu X, Chen L, Chew WL, Ping Y, Miserez A. Redox-Responsive Phase-Separating Peptide as a Universal Delivery Vehicle for CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16597-16606. [PMID: 37584415 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools have enormous potential for the development of various therapeutic treatments due to their reliability and broad applicability. A central requirement of CRISPR/Cas9 is the efficient intracellular delivery of the editing machinery, which remains a well-recognized challenge, notably to deliver Cas9 in its native protein form. Herein, a phase-separating peptide with intracellular redox-triggered release properties is employed to encapsulate and deliver all three forms of CRISRP-Cas9 editing machinery, namely, pDNA, mRNA/sgRNA, and the ribonucleoprotein complex. These modalities are readily recruited within peptide coacervates during liquid-liquid phase separation by simple mixing and exhibit higher transfection and editing efficiency compared to highly optimized commercially available transfection reagents currently used for genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Biological and Biomimetic Material Laboratory (BBML), Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138672, Singapore
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138672, Singapore
| | - Yuan Ping
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ali Miserez
- Biological and Biomimetic Material Laboratory (BBML), Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
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12
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Berggreen AH, Petersen JL, Lin L, Benabdellah K, Luo Y. CRISPR delivery with extracellular vesicles: Promises and challenges. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e111. [PMID: 38938376 PMCID: PMC11080907 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR gene editing tool holds great potential for curing genetic disorders. However, the safe, efficient, and specific delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 components into cells and tissues remains a challenge. While many currently available delivery methods achieve high levels of gene editing effects in vivo, they often result in genotoxicity and immunogenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are cell-derived lipid nanoparticles, are capable of transferring protein and nucleic acid cargoes between cells, making them a promising endogenous alternative to synthetic delivery methods. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the currently available strategies for EV-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. These strategies include cell-based, passive loading obtained by overexpression of CRISPR/Cas9, active loading involving protein or RNA dimerization, and loading into already purified EVs. All these approaches suggest that EV-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery is useful for achieving both in vitro and in vivo gene editing. Despite that, substantial variations in cellular uptake and gene editing efficiencies indicate that further improvement and standardization are required for the therapeutic use of EVs as a CRISPR/Cas9 delivery vehicle. These improvements include, but is not limited to, the high-yield purification of EVs, increased loading and release efficiencies, as well as improved tissue- or cell-specific targeting specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Lin
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center AarhusAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Pfizer‐Universidad de Granada‐Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO)GranadaSpain
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center AarhusAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao Europe Advanced Institute for Life SciencesBGI‐ResearchQingdaoChina
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, HIM‐BGI Omics Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesZhejiangHangzhouChina
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13
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Lu X, Zhang M, Li G, Zhang S, Zhang J, Fu X, Sun F. Applications and Research Advances in the Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Systems for the Treatment of Inherited Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13202. [PMID: 37686009 PMCID: PMC10487642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancements in gene therapy have opened up new possibilities for treating genetic disorders, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy, thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and familial hypercholesterolemia. The utilization of the clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has revolutionized the field of gene therapy by enabling precise targeting of genes. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating cancer and genetic diseases. However, the susceptibility of nucleic acid drugs to degradation by nucleic acid endonucleases necessitates the development of functional vectors capable of protecting the nucleic acids from enzymatic degradation while ensuring safety and effectiveness. This review explores the biomedical potential of non-viral vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 systems for treating genetic diseases. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in viral and non-viral vector-based gene therapy for genetic disorders, including preclinical and clinical study insights. Additionally, the review analyzes the current limitations of these delivery systems and proposes avenues for developing novel nano-delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengying Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.L.); (M.Z.); (G.L.); (S.Z.); (J.Z.); (X.F.)
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14
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Khorkova O, Stahl J, Joji A, Volmar CH, Zeier Z, Wahlestedt C. Long non-coding RNA-targeting therapeutics: discovery and development update. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1011-1029. [PMID: 37466388 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2236552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION lncRNAs are major players in regulatory networks orchestrating multiple cellular functions, such as 3D chromosomal interactions, epigenetic modifications, gene expression and others. Due to progress in the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, lncRNAs potentially represent easily accessible therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED Currently, significant efforts are directed at studies that can tap the enormous therapeutic potential of lncRNAs. This review describes recent developments in this field, particularly focusing on clinical applications. EXPERT OPINION Extensive druggable target range of lncRNA combined with high specificity and accelerated development process of nucleic acid-based therapeutics open new prospects for treatment in areas of extreme unmet medical need, such as genetic diseases, aggressive cancers, protein deficiencies, and subsets of common diseases caused by known mutations. Although currently wide acceptance of lncRNA-targeting nucleic acid-based therapeutics is impeded by the need for parenteral or direct-to-CNS administration, development of less invasive techniques and orally available/BBB-penetrant nucleic acid-based therapeutics is showing early successes. Recently, mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated clinical safety of all aspects of nucleic acid-based therapeutic technology, including multiple chemical modifications of nucleic acids and nanoparticle delivery. These trends position lncRNA-targeting drugs as significant players in the future of drug development, especially in the area of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Khorkova
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aswathy Joji
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zane Zeier
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Khorkova O, Stahl J, Joji A, Volmar CH, Wahlestedt C. Amplifying gene expression with RNA-targeted therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:539-561. [PMID: 37253858 PMCID: PMC10227815 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases are caused by insufficient expression of mutated genes and would benefit from increased expression of the corresponding protein. However, in drug development, it has been historically easier to develop drugs with inhibitory or antagonistic effects. Protein replacement and gene therapy can achieve the goal of increased protein expression but have limitations. Recent discoveries of the extensive regulatory networks formed by non-coding RNAs offer alternative targets and strategies to amplify the production of a specific protein. In addition to RNA-targeting small molecules, new nucleic acid-based therapeutic modalities that allow highly specific modulation of RNA-based regulatory networks are being developed. Such approaches can directly target the stability of mRNAs or modulate non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of transcription and translation. This Review highlights emerging RNA-targeted therapeutics for gene activation, focusing on opportunities and challenges for translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Khorkova
- OPKO Health, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aswathy Joji
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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16
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Gu J, Sun J, Tian K, Bian J, Peng J, Xu S, Zhao L. Reversal of hepatic fibrosis by the co-delivery of drug and ribonucleoprotein-based genome editor. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122133. [PMID: 37146364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease without effective treatment in the clinic. Gene editing systems such as the well-known CRISPR/Cas9 have shown great potential in the biomedical field. However, the delivery of the ribonucleoprotein is challenging due to the unstable RNA probe and the requirement for the entrance to the nucleus. Recently, a structure-guided endonuclease (SGN) has been reported as an effective gene-editing system composed of a nuclease and stable DNA probes, which can regulate the protein expression by targeting specific mRNA outside the nucleus. Here, we conjugated the SGN to a nanomicelle as the delivery system. In the resulting material, the chance of the collision between the endonuclease and the probe was raised due to the confinement of the two components within the 40-nm nanomicelle, thus the mRNA can be cleaved immediately after being captured by the probe, resulting in a space-induced nucleotide identification-cleavage acceleration effect. The delivery system was used to treat liver fibrosis via the co-delivery of SGN and a drug rosiglitazone to the hepatic stellate cells, which separately downregulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 and inactivated the hepatic stellate cells. The system successfully reversed the liver fibrosis in mice through the bidirectional regulatory that simultaneously promoted the degradation and inhibited the production of the collagen, demonstrating the great potency of the SGN system as gene medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Jingfang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Kun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
| | - Shu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, The School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
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17
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Carneiro SP, Greco A, Chiesa E, Genta I, Merkel OM. Shaping the future from the small scale: dry powder inhalation of CRISPR-Cas9 lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of lung diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:471-487. [PMID: 36896650 PMCID: PMC7614984 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2185220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most lung diseases are serious conditions resulting from genetic and environmental causes associated with high mortality and severe symptoms. Currently, treatments available have a palliative effect and many targets are still considered undruggable. Gene therapy stands as an attractive approach to offering innovative therapeutic solutions. CRISPRCas9 has established a remarkable potential for genome editing with high selectivity to targeted mutations. To ensure high efficacy with minimum systemic exposure, the delivery and administration route are key components that must be investigated. AREAS COVERED This review is focused on the delivery of CRISPRCas9 to the lungs, taking advantage of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the most clinically advanced nucleic acid carriers. We also aim to highlight the benefits of pulmonary administration as a local delivery route and the use of spray drying to prepare stable nucleic-acid-based dry powder formulations that can overcome multiple lung barriers. EXPERT OPINION Exploring the pulmonary administration to deliver CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNPs as a dry powder increases the chances to achieve high efficacy and reduced adverse effects. CRISPRCas9 loaded in LNP-embedded microparticles has not yet been reported in the literature but has the potential to reach and accumulate in target cells in the lung, thus, enhancing overall efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone P. Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antonietta Greco
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
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18
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Sinclair F, Begum AA, Dai CC, Toth I, Moyle PM. Recent advances in the delivery and applications of nonviral CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1500-1519. [PMID: 36988873 PMCID: PMC10052255 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 genome editing system has been a major technological breakthrough that has brought revolutionary changes to genome editing for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes and precision medicine. With the advent of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, one of the critical limiting factors has been the safe and efficient delivery of this system to cells or tissues of interest. Several approaches have been investigated to find delivery systems that can attain tissue-targeted delivery, lowering the chances of off-target editing. While viral vectors have shown promise for in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, their further clinical applications have been restricted due to shortcomings including limited cargo packaging capacity, difficulties with large-scale production, immunogenicity and insertional mutagenesis. Rapid progress in nonviral delivery vectors, including the use of lipid, polymer, peptides, and inorganic nanoparticle-based delivery systems, has established nonviral delivery approaches as a viable alternative to viral vectors. This review will introduce the molecular mechanisms of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, current strategies for delivering CRISPR/Cas9-based tools, an overview of strategies for overcoming off-target genome editing, and approaches for improving genome targeting and tissue targeting. We will also highlight current developments and recent clinical trials for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9. Finally, future directions for overcoming the limitations and adaptation of this technology for clinical trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frazer Sinclair
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Anjuman A Begum
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Charles C Dai
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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19
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Mizushima S, Sasanami T, Ono T, Kuroiwa A. Current Approaches to and the Application of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) for Avian Genome Editing. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030757. [PMID: 36981028 PMCID: PMC10048369 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry are one of the most valuable resources for human society. They are also recognized as a powerful experimental animal for basic research on embryogenesis. Demands for the supply of low-allergen eggs and bioreactors have increased with the development of programmable genome editing technology. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been used to produce transgenic animals and various animals in the agricultural industry and has also been successfully adopted for the modification of chicken and quail genomes. In this review, we describe the successful establishment of genome-edited lines combined with germline chimera production systems mediated by primordial germ cells and by viral infection in poultry. The avian intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) system that we previously established and recent advances in ICSI for genome editing are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusei Mizushima
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sasanami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tamao Ono
- Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hiro-oka, Shiojiri 399-0781, Nagano, Japan
| | - Asato Kuroiwa
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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20
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Miao Y, Peng L, Chen Z, Hu Y, Tao L, Yao Y, Wu Y, Yang D, Xu T. Recent advances of Phosphodiesterase 4B in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:121-132. [PMID: 36803246 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2183496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is a crucial enzyme in the phosphodiesterases (PDEs), acting as a regulator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It is involved in cancer process through PDE4B/cAMP signaling pathway. Cancer occurs and develops with the regulation of PDE4B in the body, suggesting that PDE4B is a promising therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review covereed the function and mechanism of PDE4B in cancer. We summarized the possible clinical applications of PDE4B, and highlighted the possible ways to develop clinical applications of PDE4B inhibitors. We also discussed some common PDEs inhibitors, and expected the development of combined targeting PDE4B and other PDEs drugs in the future. EXPERT OPINION The existing research and clinical data can strongly prove the role of PDE4B in cancer. PDE4B inhibition can effectively increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, transformation, migration, etc., indicating that PDE4B inhibition can effectively inhibit the development of cancer. Other PDEs may antagonize or coordinate this effect. As for the further study on the relationship between PDE4B and other PDEs in cancer, it is still a challenge to develop multi-targeted PDEs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liangsong Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yincui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dashuai Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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21
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Kim S, Jeong YK, Cho CS, Lee S, Sohn CH, Kim JH, Jeong Y, Jo DH, Bae S, Lee H. Enhancement of Gene Editing and Base Editing with Therapeutic Ribonucleoproteins through In Vivo Delivery Based on Absorptive Silica Nanoconstruct. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201825. [PMID: 36326169 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Key to the widespread and secure application of genome editing tools is the safe and effective delivery of multiple components of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into single cells, which remains a biological barrier to their clinical application. To overcome this issue, a robust RNP delivery platform based on a biocompatible sponge-like silica nanoconstruct (SN) for storing and directly delivering therapeutic RNPs, including Cas9 nuclease RNP (Cas9-RNP) and base editor RNP (BE-RNP) is designed. Compared with commercialized material such as lipid-based methods, up to 50-fold gene deletion and 10-fold base substitution efficiency is obtained with a low off-target efficiency by targeting various cells and genes. In particular, gene correction is successfully induced by SN-based delivery through intravenous injection in an in vivo solid-tumor model and through subretinal injection in mouse eye. Moreover, because of its low toxicity and high biodegradability, SN has negligible effect on cellular function of organs. As the engineered SN can overcome practical challenges associated with therapeutic RNP application, it is strongly expected this platform to be a modular RNPs delivery system, facilitating in vivo gene deletion and editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongchan Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyeong Jeong
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Cho
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokHoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Sohn
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Graduate Program in Nanobiomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Jeong
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Medical Research Center of Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School - Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 02792, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Progresses, Challenges, and Prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene-Editing in Glioma Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020396. [PMID: 36672345 PMCID: PMC9856991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma refers to a tumor that is derived from brain glial stem cells or progenitor cells and is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Due to its complex cellular components, as well as the aggressiveness and specificity of the pathogenic site of glioma, most patients with malignant glioma have poor prognoses following surgeries, radiotherapies, and chemotherapies. In recent years, an increasing amount of research has focused on the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in the treatment of glioma. As an emerging gene-editing technology, CRISPR/Cas9 utilizes the expression of certain functional proteins to repair tissues or treat gene-deficient diseases and could be applied to immunotherapies through the expression of antigens, antibodies, or receptors. In addition, some research also utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to establish tumor models so as to study tumor pathogenesis and screen tumor prognostic targets. This paper mainly discusses the roles of CRISPR/Cas9 in the treatment of glioma patients, the exploration of the pathogenesis of neuroglioma, and the screening targets for clinical prognosis. This paper also raises the future research prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 in glioma, as well as the opportunities and challenges that it will face in clinical treatment in the future.
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Chen D, Liu X, Lu X, Tian J. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems for synergistic delivery of tumor therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1111991. [PMID: 36874010 PMCID: PMC9978018 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have proved anti-tumor effects; however, they are not widely used in tumor therapy due to insufficient ability to target specific sites, multidrug resistance to anti-tumor drugs, and the high toxicity of the drugs. With the development of RNAi technology, nucleic acids have been delivered to target sites to replace or correct defective genes or knock down specific genes. Also, synergistic therapeutic effects can be achieved for combined drug delivery, which is more effective for overcoming multidrug resistance of cancer cells. These combination therapies achieve better therapeutic effects than delivering nucleic acids or chemotherapeutic drugs alone, so the scope of combined drug delivery has also been expanded to three aspects: drug-drug, drug-gene, and gene-gene. This review summarizes the recent advances of nanocarriers to co-delivery agents, including i) the characterization and preparation of nanocarriers, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, polymer nanocarriers, and inorganic delivery carriers; ii) the advantages and disadvantages of synergistic delivery approaches; iii) the effectual delivery cases that are applied in the synergistic delivery systems; and iv) future perspectives in the design of nanoparticle drug delivery systems to co-deliver therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuecun Liu
- Shandong Boan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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CRISPR-Based Tools for Fighting Rare Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121968. [PMID: 36556333 PMCID: PMC9787644 DOI: 10.3390/life12121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases affect the life of a tremendous number of people globally. The CRISPR-Cas system emerged as a powerful genome engineering tool and has facilitated the comprehension of the mechanism and development of therapies for rare diseases. This review focuses on current efforts to develop the CRISPR-based toolbox for various rare disease therapy applications and compares the pros and cons of different tools and delivery methods. We further discuss the therapeutic applications of CRISPR-based tools for fighting different rare diseases.
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Demirci S, Essawi K, Germino-Watnick P, Liu X, Hakami W, Tisdale JF. Advances in CRISPR Delivery Methods: Perspectives and Challenges. CRISPR J 2022; 5:660-676. [PMID: 36260301 PMCID: PMC9835311 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of new genome editing technologies and the emphasis placed on their optimization, the genetic and phenotypic correction of a plethora of diseases sit on the horizon. Ideally, genome editing approaches would provide long-term solutions through permanent disease correction instead of simply treating patients symptomatically. Although various editing machinery options exist, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas (CRISPR-associated protein) editing technique has emerged as the most popular due to its high editing efficiency, simplicity, and affordability. However, while CRISPR technology is gradually being perfected, optimization is futile without accessible, effective, and safe delivery to the desired cell or tissue. Therefore, it is important that scientists simultaneously focus on inventing and improving delivery modalities for editing machinery as well. In this review, we will discuss the critical details of viral and nonviral delivery systems, including payload, immunogenicity, efficacy in delivery, clinical application, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Address correspondence to: Selami Demirci, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,
| | - Khaled Essawi
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paula Germino-Watnick
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiong Liu
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Address correspondence to: John F. Tisdale, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institutes (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA,
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Liu Z, Li Z, Li B. Nonviral Delivery of CRISPR/Cas Systems in mRNA Format. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Shenzhen People's Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University Shenzhen 518020 China
- School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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Hejabi F, Abbaszadeh MS, Taji S, O’Neill A, Farjadian F, Doroudian M. Nanocarriers: A novel strategy for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems. Front Chem 2022; 10:957572. [PMID: 36092658 PMCID: PMC9450496 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.957572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) has become one of the most promising genome-editing tools for therapeutic purposes in biomedical and medical applications. Although the CRISPR/Cas system has truly revolutionized the era of genome editing, the safe and effective delivery of CRISPR/Cas systems represents a substantial challenge that must be tackled to enable the next generation of genetic therapies. In addition, there are some challenges in the in vivo delivery to the targeted cells/tissues. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems can be employed to overcome this issue. This review discusses different types and forms of CRISPR/Cas systems and the current CRISPR/Cas delivery systems, including non-viral carriers such as liposomes, polymeric, and gold particles. The focus then turns to the viral nanocarriers which have been recently used as a nanocarrier for CRISPR/Cas delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Hejabi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirinsadat Taji
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew O’Neill
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Doroudian,
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Yang W, Yan J, Zhuang P, Ding T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cui W. Progress of delivery methods for CRISPR-Cas9. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:913-926. [PMID: 35818792 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene therapy is becoming increasingly common in clinical practice, giving hope for the correction of a wide range of human diseases and defects. The CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of the Cas9 nuclease and single-guide RNA (sgRNA), has revolutionized the field of gene editing. However, efficiently delivering the CRISPR-Cas9 to the target organ or cell remains a significant challenge. In recent years, with rapid advances in nanoscience, materials science, and medicine, researchers have developed various technologies that can deliver CRISPR-Cas9 in different forms for in vitro and in vivo gene editing. Here, we review the development of the CRISPR-Cas9 and describe the delivery forms and the vectors that have emerged in CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, summarizing the key barriers and the promising strategies that vectors currently face in delivering the CRISPR-Cas9. AREAS COVERED With the rapid development of CRISPR-Cas9, delivery methods are becoming increasingly important in the in vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9. EXPERT OPINION CRISPR-Cas9 is becoming increasingly common in clinical trials. However, the complex nuclease and protease environment is a tremendous challenge for in vivo clinical applications. Therefore, the development of delivery methods is highly likely to take the application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to another level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Pengzhen Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
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Rahman MU, Bilal M, Shah JA, Kaushik A, Teissedre PL, Kujawska M. CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology and Its Relevance to Gene Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1252. [PMID: 35745824 PMCID: PMC9229276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and other chronic and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) impose a substantial medical, emotional, and financial burden on individuals and society. The origin of PD is unknown due to a complex combination of hereditary and environmental risk factors. However, over the last several decades, a significant amount of available data from clinical and experimental studies has implicated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulated protein degradation, and mitochondrial dysfunction as the primary causes of PD neurodegeneration. The new gene-editing techniques hold great promise for research and therapy of NDs, such as PD, for which there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments. As a result, gene therapy may offer new treatment options, transforming our ability to treat this disease. We present a detailed overview of novel gene-editing delivery vehicles, which is essential for their successful implementation in both cutting-edge research and prospective therapeutics. Moreover, we review the most recent advancements in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies for a better understanding of treating PD. We explore the benefits and drawbacks of using them for a range of gene-editing applications in the brain, emphasizing some fascinating possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb ur Rahman
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Junaid Ali Shah
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health Uzbekistan, Fergana 150110, Uzbekistan
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux, EA 4577, Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, INRA, USC 1366 INRA, IPB, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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30
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Li P, Wan P, Zhao R, Chen J, Li X, Li J, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Targeted Elimination of bla NDM-5 Gene in Escherichia coli by Conjugative CRISPR-Cas9 System. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1707-1716. [PMID: 35422639 PMCID: PMC9004731 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s357470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Plasmid-borne carbapenem resistance gene bla NDM-5 accelerates the dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. To efficiently eliminate the bla NDM-5-harboring plasmid and sensitize the antibiotic-resistant bacteria to meropenem, we used the CRISPR-Cas9 system for combating the carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coil). Methods A series of CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids was constructed, and specific guide RNAs(sgRNA) were designed to target the bla NDM-5 gene. We used chemically transformation or conjugation delivery methods, and the elimination efficiency in each recipient strains was evaluated by plate counting, PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by using the broth microdilution method. In addition, we assessed the effect of the CRISPR-Cas9 system of adaptive immunity on the prevention of the exogenous resistant plasmids pNDM-5 by introducing the system into E coli J53. Results The results showed that pCas9, pCas9-oriT and pBAD-Cas9-oriT can effectively eliminate bla NDM-5 in E. coli with >94.00% elimination efficiency. The bla NDM-5-harboring E. coli successfully restored their susceptibility to meropenem, with eight-fold reduction of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (from 16 µg/mL to 0.06 µg/mL). The E. coli J53 strain containing plasmid pCas9-N reduced the number of transconjugants by 26-fold. Conclusion The CRISPR-Cas9 system achieved plasmid clearance and simultaneous re-sensitization to meropenem in E. coli. The CRISPR-Cas9 system could block the horizontal transfer of plasmid pNDM-5. The conjugative delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 provides a new tool for the removal of resistance plasmids and sensitize the recipient to carbapenem. It provides a therapeutic approach to counteract the propagation of bla NDM-5 gene among clinical pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
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