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Gola A, Pietrańczyk R, Musiał W. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Thermally Sensitive Polymeric Derivatives of N-vinylcaprolactam. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1917. [PMID: 39000772 PMCID: PMC11244384 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Six derivatives of poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) P1-P6 were synthesized via surfactant-free precipitation polymerization (SFPP) at 70 °C, with potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. P5 and P6 were synthesized using the cross-linker N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The conductivity was measured to monitor the polymerization process. The hydrodynamic diameters (HDs) and polydispersity indexes (PDIs) of aqueous dispersions of P1-P6 were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ZP) using electrophoretic mobilities. At 18 °C for P1-P6, the HDs (nm) were 428.32 ± 81.30 and PDI 0.31 ± 0.19, 528.60 ± 84.70 (PDI 0.42 ± 0,04), 425.96 ± 115.42 (PDI 0.56 ± 0.08), 440.34 ± 106.40 (PDI 0.52 ± 0.09), 198.39 ± 225.35 (PDI 0.40 ± 0.19), and 1201.52 ± 1318.05 (PDI 0.71 ± 0.30), the and ZPs were (mV) 0.90 ± 3.23, -4.46 ± 1.22, -6.44 ± 1.82, 0.22 ± 0.48, 0.18 ± 0.79, and -0.02 ± 0.39 for P1-P6, respectively. The lower critical solution temperature ranged from 27 to 29 °C. The polymers were characterized using the ATR-FTIR method. The study concluded that the physicochemical properties of the product were significantly affected by the initial reaction parameters. Polymers P1-P4 and P6 have potential for use as drug carriers for skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Witold Musiał
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.)
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Wawrzyńczak A, Chudzińska J, Feliczak-Guzik A. Metal and Metal Oxides Nanoparticles as Nanofillers for Biodegradable Polymers. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300823. [PMID: 38353297 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials, despite their many undeniable advantages, nowadays are a major environmental challenge. Thus, in recent years biodegradable polymer matrices have been widely used in various sectors, including the medicinal, chemical, and packaging industry. Their widespread use is due to the properties of biodegradable polymer matrices, among which are their adjustable physicochemical and mechanical properties, as well as lower environmental impact. The properties of biodegradable polymers can be modified with various types of nanofillers, among which clays, organic and inorganic nanoparticles, and carbon nanostructures are most commonly used. The performance of the final product depends on the size and uniformity of the used nanofillers, as well as on their distribution and dispersion in the polymer matrix. This literature review aims to highlight new research results on advances and improvements in the synthesis, physicochemical properties and applications of biodegradable polymer matrices modified with metal nanoparticles and metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzyńczak
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań University 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jagoda Chudzińska
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań University 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań University 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Li Y, Chen M, Ding Y, Li Y, Guo M, Zhang Y. A Pickering emulsion stabilized by Chitosan-g-Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) microgels: Interface formation, stability and stimuli-responsiveness. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121948. [PMID: 38431386 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions stabilized by solid particles are more stable and environmentally friendly compared to traditional surfactants. Herein, a series of Chitosan-g-Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (CS-g-PNVCL) microgel particles were synthesized via a free radical surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization and the obtained particles were used to stabilize Pickering emulsions. It is found that the ratio (CS/PNVCL = 60 wt%) was optimal to produce Pickering emulsions. The microstructures of Pickering emulsions can maintain for 60 days at room temperature and this long-term stability is attributed to the CS-g-PNVCL microgel particles adsorbed at the oil-water interface. The Pickering emulsions displayed thermo-responsive characteristics when exposed to environmental stimuli. The emulsions became destabilized with an increase in pH and temperature. The droplets turned unstable and irregular due to excessive NaCl concentration, caused by electrostatic repulsion between the microgel particles. This study presents a novel way to form smart and uniform Pickering emulsions with the application potential in food, cosmetics, and drug delivery, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Ahmad A, Hassan A, Roy PG, Zhou S, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Kanwal F, Begum R, Farooqi ZH. Recent developments in chitosan based microgels and their hybrids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129409. [PMID: 38224801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan based microgels have gained great attention because of their chemical stability, biocompatibility, easy functionalization and potential uses in numerous fields. Production, properties, characterization and applications of chitosan based microgels have been systematically reviewed in this article. Some of these systems exhibit responsive behavior towards external stimuli like pH, light, temperature, glucose, etc. in terms of swelling/deswelling in an aqueous medium depending upon the functionalities present in the network which makes them a potential candidate for various applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture, catalysis, sensing and nanotechnology. Current research development and critical overview in this field accompanying by future possibilities is presented. The discussion is concluded with recommended possible future works for further progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Prashun Ghosh Roy
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry of The College of Staten Island and Ph.D. Program in Chemistry of The Graduate Centre, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, United States
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Kanwal
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Zahoor H Farooqi
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
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Amirthalingam S, Rajendran AK, Moon YG, Hwang NS. Stimuli-responsive dynamic hydrogels: design, properties and tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3325-3350. [PMID: 37387121 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00399j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been evolving at a rapid pace with numerous novel and interesting biomaterials being reported. Hydrogels have come a long way in this regard and have been proven to be an excellent choice for tissue regeneration. This could be due to their innate properties such as water retention, and ability to carry and deliver a multitude of therapeutic and regenerative elements to aid in better outcomes. Over the past few decades, hydrogels have been developed into an active and attractive system that can respond to various stimuli, thereby presenting a wider control over the delivery of the therapeutic agents to the intended site in a spatiotemporal manner. Researchers have developed hydrogels that respond dynamically to a multitude of external as well as internal stimuli such as mechanics, thermal energy, light, electric field, ultrasonics, tissue pH, and enzyme levels, to name a few. This review gives a brief overview of the recent developments in such hydrogel systems which respond dynamically to various stimuli, some of the interesting fabrication strategies, and their application in cardiac, bone, and neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Arun Kumar Rajendran
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gi Moon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Institute of Bio-Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Fernandes SCM, Aguirre G. Biopolymer Micro/Nanogel Particles as Smart Drug Delivery and Theranostic Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2060. [PMID: 37631274 PMCID: PMC10457921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, micro/nanogels have become an important topic of interdisciplinary research, especially in the fields of polymer chemistry and material science, with a focus on their use in drug delivery applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C. M. Fernandes
- CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
- MANTA—Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64600 Anglet, France
| | - Garbine Aguirre
- CNRS, IPREM-UMR 5254, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-Inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France
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Wu Y, Zhu R, Zhou M, Liu J, Dong K, Zhao S, Cao J, Wang W, Sun C, Wu S, Wang F, Shi Y, Sun Y. Homologous cancer cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles target drug delivery and enhance the chemotherapy efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216106. [PMID: 36841418 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common digestive tract malignancy that seriously threatens human life and health. Early HCC may be treated by intervention, surgery, and internal radiotherapy, while the choice for late HCC is primarily chemotherapy to prolong patient survival. Lenvatinib (LT) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved frontline drug for the treatment of advanced liver cancer and has achieved excellent clinical efficacy. However, its poor solubility and severe side effects cannot be ignored. In this study, a bionic nanodrug delivery platform was successfully constructed. The platform consists of a core of Lenvatinib wrapped with a pH-sensitive polymer, namely, poly(β-amino ester)-polyethylene glycol-amine (PAE-PEG-NH2), and a shell formed by a cancer cell membrane (CCM). The prepared nanodrugs have high drug loading capacity, long-term stability, good biocompatibility, and a long retention time. In addition, the targeting effect of tumor cell membranes and the pH-responsive characteristics of the polymer materials enable them to precisely target tumor cells and achieve responsive release in the tumor microenvironment, which makes them suitable for effective drug delivery. In vivo experiments revealed that the nanodrug showed superior tumor accumulation and therapeutic effects in subcutaneous tumor mice model and could effectively eliminate tumors within 21 days. As a result, it opens up a new way to reduce side effects and improve the specific therapeutic effect of first-line clinical medications to treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rongtao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyang Zhou
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Senfeng Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chenguang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shitao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Experimental Animal Platform in Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yuling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Picos-Corrales LA, Morales-Burgos AM, Ruelas-Leyva JP, Crini G, García-Armenta E, Jimenez-Lam SA, Ayón-Reyna LE, Rocha-Alonzo F, Calderón-Zamora L, Osuna-Martínez U, Calderón-Castro A, De-Paz-Arroyo G, Inzunza-Camacho LN. Chitosan as an Outstanding Polysaccharide Improving Health-Commodities of Humans and Environmental Protection. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030526. [PMID: 36771826 PMCID: PMC9920095 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health, production and preservation of food, development of environmentally friendly (cosmeto-)textiles and plastics, synthesis processes using green technology, and improvement of water quality, among other domains, can be controlled with the help of chitosan. It has been demonstrated that this biopolymer exhibits advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial effect, mucoadhesive properties, film-forming capacity, elicitor of plant defenses, coagulant-flocculant ability, synergistic effect and adjuvant along with other substances and materials. In part, its versatility is attributed to the presence of ionizable and reactive primary amino groups that provide strong chemical interactions with small inorganic and organic substances, macromolecules, ions, and cell membranes/walls. Hence, chitosan has been used either to create new materials or to modify the properties of conventional materials applied on an industrial scale. Considering the relevance of strategic topics around the world, this review integrates recent studies and key background information constructed by different researchers designing chitosan-based materials with potential applications in the aforementioned concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A. Picos-Corrales
- Facultad de Ingeniería Culiacán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.A.P.-C.); (A.M.M.-B.); (J.P.R.-L.)
| | - Ana M. Morales-Burgos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.A.P.-C.); (A.M.M.-B.); (J.P.R.-L.)
| | - Jose P. Ruelas-Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.A.P.-C.); (A.M.M.-B.); (J.P.R.-L.)
| | - Grégorio Crini
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Evangelina García-Armenta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Sergio A. Jimenez-Lam
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Lidia E. Ayón-Reyna
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rocha-Alonzo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Loranda Calderón-Zamora
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ulises Osuna-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Abraham Calderón-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo De-Paz-Arroyo
- Facultad de Ingeniería Culiacán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Levy N. Inzunza-Camacho
- Unidad Académica Preparatoria Hermanos Flores Magón, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80000, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Arshadi N, Mousavi Gargari SL, Amani J, Nazarian S. Immunogenicity of inactivated Escherichia coli O157:H7 with Stx2B microparticle in mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1069-1076. [PMID: 36246065 PMCID: PMC9526885 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.63775.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Vaccination using inactivated bacteria is one of the most effective ways to protect against EHEC infection. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections are mainly influenced by Shiga toxins (Stx) and attaching/effacing factors. Among various factors, Stx2B is gaining much attention as a vaccine candidate. Formulating an inactivated bacteria with a suitable adjuvant increases vaccine efficacy and antibody production and can lead to a lasting immune response and protection against O157:H7. Materials and Methods To assess vaccine efficacy, in this study, we have considered heat and formalin-inactivated bacteria along with chitosan-coated Stx2B/ Stx2B in a mouse model. Ionotropic gelation via tripolyphosphate anions was used to coat Stx2B on chitosan. Subcutaneous injection or oral gavage was used to immunize mice, which were then challenged with E. coli O157:H7. Results Immunity and protection against E. coli O157:H7 were achieved by all forms of the vaccine. Inactivated E. coli O157:H7 formulated with chitosan-coated Stx2B effectively evoked humoral and mucosal immune responses. However, minimum shedding appeared with the mice groups orally immunized with formalin-inactivated bacteria sublimated with chitosan-coated Stx2B and heat-inactivated bacteria plus Stx2B in subcutaneous immunization. Conclusion Administration of inactivated whole-cell and toxin was synergistic and increased the protection capacity with both parenteral and oral immunization routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Arshadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Seyed Latif Mousavi Gargari. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran-Qom Highway, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-51212232;
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Marsili L, Dal Bo M, Berti F, Toffoli G. Chitosan-Based Biocompatible Copolymers for Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems: On the Development of a Standardization System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1876. [PMID: 34834291 PMCID: PMC8620438 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that is considered to be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic. The polymer has been used in drug delivery applications for its positive charge, which allows for adhesion with and recognition of biological tissues via non-covalent interactions. In recent times, chitosan has been used for the preparation of graft copolymers with thermoresponsive polymers such as poly-N-vinylcaprolactam (PNVCL) and poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM), allowing the combination of the biodegradability of the natural polymer with the ability to respond to changes in temperature. Due to the growing interest in the utilization of thermoresponsive polymers in the biological context, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of the key principles of thermoresponsivity in order to obtain comparable results between different studies or applications. In the present review, we provide an overview of the basic principles of thermoresponsivity, as well as a description of the main polysaccharides and thermoresponsive materials, with a special focus on chitosan and poly-N-Vinyl caprolactam (PNVCL) and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marsili
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Federico Berti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (M.D.B.); (G.T.)
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