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Riegel G, Orvain C, Recberlik S, Spaety ME, Poschet G, Venkatasamy A, Yamamoto M, Nomura S, Tsukamoto T, Masson M, Gross I, Le Lagadec R, Mellitzer G, Gaiddon C. The unfolded protein response-glutathione metabolism axis: A novel target of a cycloruthenated complexes bypassing tumor resistance mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216671. [PMID: 38290658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs remain the reference treatment for gastric cancer (GC). However, the frequency of resistance, due to mutations in TP53 or alterations in the energy and redox metabolisms, impairs the efficacy of current treatments, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic options. Here, we show that a cycloruthenated compound targeting the redox metabolism, RDC11, induces higher cytotoxicity than oxaliplatin in GC cells and is more potent in reducing tumor growth in vivo. Detailed investigations into the mode of action of RDC11 indicated that it targets the glutathione (GSH) metabolism, which is an important drug resistance mechanism. We demonstrate that cycloruthenated complexes regulate the expression of enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway via the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and its effector ATF4. Furthermore, RDC11 induces the expression of SLC7A11 encoding for the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT. These effects lead to a lower cellular GSH content and elevated oxygen reactive species production, causing the activation of a caspase-independent apoptosis. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence that cycloruthenated complexes target the GSH metabolism, neutralizing thereby a major resistance mechanism towards platinum-based chemotherapies and anticancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Riegel
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Orvain
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sevda Recberlik
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Elodie Spaety
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aina Venkatasamy
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Department of Laboratory of Physiological Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsyua Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Murielle Masson
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg, CNRS BSC-UMR 7242, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Illkirch, France
| | - Isabelle Gross
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "SMART" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France; INSERM, UMR 1260, CRBS, Regenerative Nanomedicine, "HERIIT" Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- University of Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1113, "Streinth" Laboratory, Strasbourg, France.
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Zhou YC, Zhao TK, Tao SM, Wang P, Guan YC, Yang KP, Chen SQ, Pu XY. Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Induced Tumor Cell Death by Anti-tumor Metallic complexes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301020. [PMID: 38149729 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes represented by platinum complexes play a very important role in cancer treatment due to their diverse chemical structures and anti-tumor activities. Recently, ferroptosis has emerged as a newly occurring cell death form in the anti-tumor process. It has been reported that metal complexes could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumors and combat chemotherapy resistance by targeting ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe ferroptosis as a fundamental process for tumor suppression and triggering anti-tumor immune responses. We summarize recent developments on metal complexes that induce ferroptosis. Finally, we outline the prospects for the application of metal complexes to the treatment of tumors based on ferroptosis and the associated problems that need to be solved, and discussed other potential research directions of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Kun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Si-Man Tao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chen Guan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Pei Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
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Pashootan P, Saadati F, Fahimi H, Rahmati M, Strippoli R, Zarrabi A, Cordani M, Moosavi MA. Metal-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Exploring photodynamic therapy and its interplay with regulated cell death pathways. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123622. [PMID: 37989403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive treatment strategy currently utilized in the clinical management of selected cancers and infections. This technique is predicated on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) and subsequent irradiation with light of specific wavelengths, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within targeted cells. The cellular effects of PDT are dependent on both the localization of the PS and the severity of ROS challenge, potentially leading to the stimulation of various cell death modalities. For many years, the concept of regulated cell death (RCD) triggered by photodynamic reactions predominantly encompassed apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. However, in recent decades, further explorations have unveiled additional cell death modalities, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which helps to achieve tumor cell elimination. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated substantial advantages over traditional PSs and become important components of PDT, due to their improved physicochemical properties, such as enhanced solubility and superior specificity for targeted cells. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the applications of different metal-based NPs as PSs or delivery systems for optimized PDT in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it mechanistically highlights the contribution of RCD pathways during PDT with metal NPs and how these forms of cell death can improve specific PDT regimens in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Pashootan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey; Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Marco Cordani
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
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Kushwaha R, Singh V, Peters S, Yadav AK, Dolui D, Saha S, Sarkar S, Dutta A, Koch B, Sadhukhan T, Banerjee S. Density Functional Theory-Guided Photo-Triggered Anticancer Activity of Curcumin-Based Zinc(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10266-10278. [PMID: 37988143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has evolved as a new therapeutic modality for cancer treatment with fewer side effects and drug resistance. Curcumin exhibits PDT activity, but its low bioavailability restricts its clinical application. Here, the bioavailability of curcumin was increased by its complex formation with the Zn(II) center. For a structure-activity relationship study, Zn(II)-based complexes (1-3) comprising N^N-based ligands (2,2'-bipyridine in 1 and 2 or 1,10-phenanthroline in 3) and O^O-based ligands (acetylacetone in 1, monoanionic curcumin in 2 and 3) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. The X-ray structure of the control complex, 1, indicated a square pyramidal shape of the molecules. Photophysical and TD-DFT studies indicated the potential of 2 and 3 as good visible light type-II photosensitizers for PDT. Guided by the TD-DFT studies, the low-energy visible light-triggered singlet oxygen (1O2) generation efficacy of 2 and 3 was explored in solution and in cancer cells. As predicted by the TD-DFT calculations, these complexes produced 1O2 efficiently in the cytosol of MCF-7 cancer cells and ultimately displayed excellent apoptotic anticancer activity in the presence of light. Moreover, the molecular docking investigation showed that complexes 2 and 3 have very good binding affinities with caspase-9 and p-53 proteins and could activate them for cellular apoptosis. Further molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of 3 in the caspase-9 protein binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Silda Peters
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Ashish K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Dependu Dolui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Sujit Sarkar
- Prescience Insilico Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Bitsch P, Baum ES, Beltrán Hernández I, Bitsch S, Harwood J, Oliveira S, Kolmar H. Penetration of Nanobody-Dextran Polymer Conjugates through Tumor Spheroids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2374. [PMID: 37896133 PMCID: PMC10609859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we report the generation of nanobody dextran polymer conjugates (dextraknobs) that are loaded with small molecules, i.e., fluorophores or photosensitizers, for potential applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy. To this end, the molecules are conjugated to the dextran polymer which is coupled to the C-terminus of an EGFR-specific nanobody using chemoenzymatic approaches. A monovalent EGFR-targeted nanobody and biparatopic version modified with different dextran average molecular weights (1000, 5000, and 10,000) were probed for their ability to penetrate tumor spheroids. For monovalent Cy5-labeled dextraknobs, the utilization of smaller sized dextran (MW 5000 vs. 10,000) was found to be beneficial for more homogeneous penetration into A431 tumor spheroids over time. For the biparatopic dual nanobody comprising MW 1000, 5000, and 10,000 dextran labeled with photosensitizer IRDye700DX, penetration behavior was comparable to that of a direct nanobody-photosensitizer conjugate lacking a dextran scaffold. Additionally, dextraknobs labeled with IRDye700DX incubated with cells in 2D and 3D showed potent cell killing upon illumination, thus inducing photodynamic therapy (PDT). In line with previous results, monovalent nanobody conjugates displayed deeper and more homogenous penetration through spheroids than the bivalent conjugates. Importantly, the smaller size dextrans did not affect the distribution of the conjugates, thus encouraging further development of dextraknobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Eva S. Baum
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.B.); (I.B.H.)
| | - Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.B.); (I.B.H.)
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakob Harwood
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.S.B.); (I.B.H.)
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; (P.B.); (S.B.); (J.H.)
- Centre of Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Xiong K, Wei F, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Recent Progress in Photodynamic Immunotherapy with Metal-Based Photosensitizers. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201403. [PMID: 36549671 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer ranks as a leading cause of death. There is an urgent need to develop minimally invasive methods to eradicate tumors and prevent their recurrence. As a light-driven modality, photodynamic therapy takes advantage of high tumor selectivity and low normal tissue damage. However, it shows poor potential for preventing tumor recurrence. Immunotherapy is currently being used as an alternative treatment for the control of malignant diseases. Although immunotherapy can establish long-time immune memory and efficiently protects treated patients from cancer relapse, its clinical efficacy is limited by the minority of patients' responding rate. Recently, photodynamic immunotherapy, which utilizes photosensitizers as an immunotherapy trigger to exert synergistic effects of photodynamic therapy and tumor immunotherapy, has attracted considerable interest. Like all the newly proposed treatments, there is still room for improvement. In this mini review, the progress in photodynamic immunotherapy with metal-based photosensitizers is summarized. It is hoped that this review can give a broad update on photodynamic immunotherapy and inspire readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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Fernández Guarino M, Fernández-Nieto D, Montes LV, Lobo DDP. Methyl Aminolaevulinic Acid versus Aminolaevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratosis with Low Doses of Red-Light LED Illumination: Results of Long-Term Follow-Up. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123218. [PMID: 36551974 PMCID: PMC9775939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment for multiple actinic keratosis (AK) has been found effective when lower doses of red light were used with methyl aminolaevulinic acid (MAL). The aim of this study was to compare the results of lower doses of red light conventional PDT (h-PDT, 16 J/cm2) with MAL and aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) in a long-term follow-up. Patients with more than five symmetrical AK on the scalp who were candidates for PDT were selected and divided randomly between MAL and ALA treatment and patients were followed at 3 and 12 months. The responses were assessed by counting the total AK and the AK per patient. Pain and adverse events were also compiled. A total of 46 patients were treated, 24 with MAL, and 22 with ALA. The two groups were comparable at baseline (p > 0.005). No significant differences were found in the results of both treatments at 12 months, despite ALA exhibiting slightly better results at 3 months. No differences in pain and adverse events were assessed. Both ALA and MAL were effective when lower doses of red light were used in c-PDT. Long term efficacy was also documented. Further studies are necessary to determine the inferior point of red-light illumination without losing efficacy.
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De Azevedo J, Mourtada J, Bour C, Devignot V, Schultz P, Borel C, Pencreach E, Mellitzer G, Gaiddon C, Jung AC. The EXTREME Regimen Associating Cetuximab and Cisplatin Favors Head and Neck Cancer Cell Death and Immunogenicity with the Induction of an Anti-Cancer Immune Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182866. [PMID: 36139440 PMCID: PMC9496761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The first line of treatment for recurrent/metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) has recently evolved with the approval of immunotherapies that target the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint. However, only about 20% of the patients display a long-lasting objective tumor response. The modulation of cancer cell immunogenicity via a treatment-induced immunogenic cell death is proposed to potentially be able to improve the rate of patients who respond to immune checkpoint blocking immunotherapies. (2) Methods: Using human HNSCC cell line models and a mouse oral cancer syngeneic model, we have analyzed the ability of the EXTREME regimen (combination therapy using the anti-EGFR cetuximab antibody and platinum-based chemotherapy) to modify the immunogenicity of HNSCC cells. (3) Results: We showed that the combination of cetuximab and cisplatin reduces cell growth through both cell cycle inhibition and the induction of apoptotic cell death independently of p53. In addition, different components of the EXTREME regimen were found to induce, to a variable extent, and in a cell-dependent manner, the emission of mediators of immunogenic cell death, including calreticulin, HMGB1, and type I Interferon-responsive chemokines. Interestingly, cetuximab alone or combined with the IC50 dose of cisplatin can induce an antitumor immune response in vivo, but not when combined with a high dose of cisplatin. (4) Conclusions: Our observations suggest that the EXTREME protocol or cetuximab alone are capable, under conditions of moderate apoptosis induction, of eliciting the mobilization of the immune system and an anti-tumor immune response in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine De Azevedo
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jana Mourtada
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Bour
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Schultz
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Borel
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (A.C.J.)
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratory Streinth, Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (A.C.J.)
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