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Leyva-Grado VH, Marin A, Hlushko R, Yunus AS, Promeneur D, Luckay A, Lazaro GG, Hamm S, Dimitrov AS, Broder CC, Andrianov AK. Nano-Assembled Polyphosphazene Delivery System Enables Effective Intranasal Immunization with Nipah Virus Subunit Vaccine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4133-4141. [PMID: 38812435 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The ultimate vaccine against infections caused by Nipah virus should be capable of providing protection at the respiratory tract─the most probable port of entry for this pathogen. Intranasally delivered vaccines, which target nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and induce both systemic and mucosal immunity, are attractive candidates for enabling effective vaccination against this lethal disease. Herein, the water-soluble polyphosphazene delivery vehicle assembles into nanoscale supramolecular constructs with the soluble extracellular portion of the Hendra virus attachment glycoprotein─a promising subunit vaccine antigen against both Nipah and Hendra viruses. These supramolecular constructs signal through Toll-like receptor 7/8 and promote binding interactions with mucin─an important feature of effective mucosal adjuvants. High mass contrast of phosphorus-nitrogen backbone of the polymer enables a successful visualization of nanoconstructs in their vitrified state by cryogenic electron microscopy. Here, we characterize the self-assembly of polyphosphazene macromolecule with biologically relevant ligands by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and turbidimetric titration methods. Furthermore, a polyphosphazene-enabled intranasal Nipah vaccine candidate demonstrates the ability to induce immune responses in hamsters and shows superiority in inducing total IgG and neutralizing antibodies when benchmarked against the respective clinical stage alum adjuvanted vaccine. The results highlight the potential of polyphosphazene-enabled nanoassemblies in the development of intranasal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Leyva-Grado
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Raman Hlushko
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Abdul S Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Dominique Promeneur
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Amara Luckay
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Glorie G Lazaro
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Stefan Hamm
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Antony S Dimitrov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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Nano-bio interactions: A major principle in the dynamic biological processes of nano-assemblies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114318. [PMID: 35533787 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controllable nano-assembly with stimuli-responsive groups is emerging as a powerful strategy to generate theranostic nanosystems that meet unique requirements in modern medicine. However, this prospective field is still in a proof-of-concept stage due to the gaps in our understanding of complex-(nano-assemblies)-complex-(biosystems) interactions. Indeed, stimuli-responsive assembly-disassembly is, in and of itself, a process of nano-bio interactions, the key steps for biological fate and functional activity of nano-assemblies. To provide a comprehensive understanding of these interactions in this review, we first propose a 4W1H principle (Where, When, What, Which and How) to delineate the relevant dynamic biological processes, behaviour and fate of nano-assemblies. We further summarize several key parameters that govern effective nano-bio interactions. The effects of these kinetic parameters on ADMET processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and transformation) are then discussed. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the challenges facing the evaluation of nano-bio interactions of assembled nanodrugs. We finally conclude with future perspectives on safe-by-design and application-driven-design of nano-assemblies. This review will highlight the dynamic biological and physicochemical parameters of nano-bio interactions and bridge discrete concepts to build a full spectrum understanding of the biological outcomes of nano-assemblies. These principles are expected to pave the way for future development and clinical translation of precise, safe and effective nanomedicines with intelligent theranostic features.
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