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Haq IU, Rahim K, Paker NP. Exploring the historical roots, advantages and efficacy of phage therapy in plant diseases management. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112164. [PMID: 38908799 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In the drug-resistance era, phage therapy has received considerable attention from worldwide researchers. Phage therapy has been given much attention in public health but is rarely applied to control plant diseases. Herein, we discuss phage therapy as a biocontrol approach against several plant diseases. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in agriculturally important pathogenic bacteria and the toxic nature of different synthetic compounds used to control microbes has driven researchers to rethink the century-old strategy of phage therapy''. Compared to other treatment strategies, phage therapy offers remarkable advantages such as high specificity, less chances of drug resistance, non-harmful nature, and benefit to soil microbial flora. The optimizations and protective formulations of phages are significant accomplishments; however, steps towards a better understanding of the physiologic characteristics of phages need to be preceded to commercialize their use. The future of phage therapy in the context of plant disease management is promising and could play a significant role in sustainable agriculture. Ongoing research will likely affirm the safety of phage therapy, ensuring that it does not harm non-target organisms, including beneficial soil microbes. Phage therapy could become vital in addressing global food security challenges, particularly in regions heavily impacted by plant bacterial diseases. Efforts to create formulations that enhance the stability and shelf-life of phages will be crucial, especially for their use in varied environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihtisham Ul Haq
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Programa de Pos-graduacao em Invacao Tecnologia, Universidade de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Kashif Rahim
- School of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Najeeba Parre Paker
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Kennedy JW, Jones JD, Meek RMD. Phage therapy. Bone Joint J 2024; 106-B:522-524. [PMID: 38821504 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.106b6.bjj-2023-0878.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
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Hu YG, Battini N, Fang B, Zhou CH. Discovery of indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins as novel potential broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116392. [PMID: 38608408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of serious bacterial resistance towards clinical oxacins poses a considerable threat to global public health, necessitating the development of novel structural antibacterial agents. Seven types of novel indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins (IDOs) were designed and synthesized for the first time from commercial 3,4-difluoroaniline via an eight-step procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques. All target molecules were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Most of the prepared IDOs showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong activities against the tested strains, especially ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d (0.25-0.5 μg/mL) and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e (0.25-1 μg/mL) exhibited much superior antibacterial efficacies to reference drug norfloxacin. These highly active IDOs also displayed low hemolysis, cytotoxicity and resistance, as well as rapid bactericidal capacity. Further investigations indicated that ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e could effectively reduce the exopolysaccharide content and eradicate the formed biofilm, which might delay the development of drug resistance. Preliminary exploration of the antibacterial mechanism revealed that active IDOs could not only destroy membrane integrity, resulting in changes in membrane permeability, but also promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the production of malondialdehyde and decreased bacterial metabolism. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to bind with DNA and DNA gyrase, forming supramolecular complexes through various noncovalent interactions, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and causing bacterial death. All the above results suggested that the newly developed indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins should hold great promise as potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Gao Hu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators As Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Jothi Nayaki S, Roja A, Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Arunachalam M, Dhandapani K. Pillar[ n]arenes in the Fight against Biofilms: Current Developments and Future Perspectives. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1080-1096. [PMID: 38546344 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The global surge in bacterial infections, compounded by the alarming escalation of drug-resistant strains, has evolved into a critical public health crisis. Among the challenges posed, biofilms stand out due to their formidable resistance to conventional antibiotics. This review delves into the burgeoning potential of pillar[n]arenes, distinctive macrocyclic host molecules, as promising anti-biofilm agents. The review is structured into two main sections, each dedicated to exploring distinct facets of pillar[n]arene applications. The first section scrutinizes functionalized pillar[n]arenes with a particular emphasis on cationic derivatives. This analysis reveals their significant efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation, underscoring the pivotal role of specific chemical attributes in combating microbial communities. The second section of the review shifts its focus to inclusion complexes, elucidating how pillar[n]arenes serve as encapsulation platforms for antibiotics. This encapsulation enhances the stability of antibiotics and enables a controlled release, thereby amplifying their antibacterial activity. The examination of inclusion complexes provides valuable insights into the potential synergy between pillar[n]arenes and traditional antibiotics, offering a novel avenue for overcoming biofilm resistance. This comprehensive review highlights the escalating global threat of bacterial infections and the urgent need for innovative strategies to counteract drug-resistant biofilms. The unique properties of pillar[n]arenes, both as functionalized molecules and as inclusion complex hosts, position them as promising candidates in the quest for effective anti-biofilm agents. The exploration of their distinct mechanisms opens new avenues for research and development in the ongoing battle against bacterial infections and biofilm-related health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Jothi Nayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
| | - Arivazhagan Roja
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India
| | - Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
| | - Murugan Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
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Chen Z, Yang Y, Li G, Huang Y, Luo Y, Le S. Effective elimination of bacteria on hard surfaces by the combined use of bacteriophages and chemical disinfectants. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0379723. [PMID: 38483478 PMCID: PMC10986474 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03797-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and controlling pathogens in the hospital environment is of great importance. Currently, the standard disinfection method in the hospital environment is chemical disinfection. However, disinfectants are usually not used strictly according to the label, making them less effective in disinfection. Therefore, there is an emergent need to find a better approach that can be used in hospitals to control pathogenic bacteria in the clinical environment. Bacteriophages (phages) are effective in killing bacteria and have been applied in the treatment of bacterial infections but have not received enough attention regarding the control of contamination in the clinical environment. In this study, we found that various phages remain active in the presence of chemical disinfectants. Moreover, the combined use of specific phages and chemical disinfectants is more effective in removing bacterial biofilms and eliminating bacteria on hard surfaces. Thus, this proof-of-concept study indicates that adding phages directly to chemical disinfectants might be an effective and economical approach to enhance clinical environment disinfection. IMPORTANCE In this study, we investigated whether the combination of bacteriophages and chemical disinfectants can enhance the efficacy of reducing bacterial contamination on hard surfaces in the clinical setting. We found that specific phages are active in chemical disinfectants and that the combined use of phages and chemical disinfectants was highly effective in reducing bacterial presence on hard surfaces. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated that adding specific phages directly to chemical disinfectants is an effective and cost-efficient strategy for clinical environment disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyue Chen
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Disease Surveillance Division, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Shijingshan, Beijing, China
| | - Youying Huang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Le
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kunz Coyne AJ, Stamper K, Bleick C, Kebriaei R, Lehman SM, Rybak MJ. Synergistic bactericidal effects of phage-enhanced antibiotic therapy against MRSA biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0321223. [PMID: 38411110 PMCID: PMC10986480 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03212-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes biofilm-related medical device infections. Phage-antibiotic combinations offer potential therapy due to proven in vitro antibiofilm efficacy. We evaluated phage-antibiotic synergy against biofilms using modified checkerboard and 24-h time-kill assays. Humanized-simulated daptomycin (DAP) (10, 8, and 6 mg/kg q24h) and ceftaroline (CPT) (600 mg q12h) were combined with Intesti13, Sb-1, and Romulus phages (tMOI 1, q12h). Assays were conducted in 168-h biofilm reactor models against DAP non-susceptible (DNS) vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) MRSA D712 and DAP-susceptible MRSA 8014. Synergistic activity and bactericidal activity were defined as ≥2log10 CFU/mL reduction from antibiotic-only regimens and ≥3log10 CFU/mL decrease from baseline at 24 h. Differences were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test (P ≤ 0.05 is considered significant). Surviving bacteria were examined for antibiotic minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) changes and phage susceptibility. In 168-h biofilm models, humanized DAP 10 mg/kg + CPT, combined with a 2-phage cocktail (Intesti13 + Sb-1) against D712, and a 3-phage cocktail (Intesti13 + Sb-1 + Romulus) against 8014, demonstrated synergistic bactericidal activity. At 168 h, bacteria were minimally detectable [2log10 CFU/cm2 (-Δ4.23 and -Δ4.42 log10 CFU/cm2; both P < 0.001)]. Antibiotic MBIC remained unchanged compared to baseline across various time points. None of the tested bacteria at 168 h exhibited complete phage resistance. This study reveals bactericidal efficacy of DAP + CPT with 2-phage and 3-phage cocktails against DNS VISA and MRSA isolates (D712 and 8014) in biofilm models, maintaining susceptibility. Further research is needed for diverse strains and durations, aligning with infection care. IMPORTANCE The prevalence of biofilm-associated medical device infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a pressing medical challenge. The latest research demonstrates the potential of phage-antibiotic combinations (PACs) as a promising solution, notably in vitro antibiofilm efficacy. By adopting modified checkerboard and 24-h time-kill assays, the study investigated the synergistic action of phages combined with humanized-simulated doses of daptomycin (DAP) and ceftaroline (CPT). The results were promising: a combination of DAP, CPT, and either a 2-phage or 3-phage cocktail effectively exhibited bactericidal activity against both DAP non-susceptible vancomycin intermediate S. aureus MRSA and DAP-susceptible MRSA strains within 168-h biofilm models. Moreover, post-treatment evaluations revealed no discernible rise in antibiotic resistance or complete phage resistance. This pioneering work suggests the potential of PACs in addressing MRSA biofilm infections, setting the stage for further expansive research tailored to diverse bacterial strains and treatment durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlan J. Kunz Coyne
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Stamper
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Callan Bleick
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan M. Lehman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Iaconis A, De Plano LM, Caccamo A, Franco D, Conoci S. Anti-Biofilm Strategies: A Focused Review on Innovative Approaches. Microorganisms 2024; 12:639. [PMID: 38674584 PMCID: PMC11052202 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm (BF) can give rise to systemic infections, prolonged hospitalization times, and, in the worst case, death. This review aims to provide an overview of recent strategies for the prevention and destruction of pathogenic BFs. First, the main phases of the life cycle of BF and maturation will be described to identify potential targets for anti-BF approaches. Then, an approach acting on bacterial adhesion, quorum sensing (QS), and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix will be introduced and discussed. Finally, bacteriophage-mediated strategies will be presented as innovative approaches against BF inhibition/destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Iaconis
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Maria De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Domenico Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.I.); (L.M.D.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- URT Lab Sens Beyond Nano—CNR-DSFTM, Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Shanmugasundaram S, Nayak N, Puzhankara L, Kedlaya MN, Rajagopal A, Karmakar S. Bacteriophages: the dawn of a new era in periodontal microbiology? Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:212-223. [PMID: 36883683 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2182667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome, populated by a diverse range of species, plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The most dominant yet little-discussed players in the microbiome, the bacteriophages, influence the health and disease of the host in various ways. They, not only contribute to periodontal health by preventing the colonization of pathogens and disrupting biofilms but also play a role in periodontal disease by upregulating the virulence of periodontal pathogens through the transfer of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. Since bacteriophages selectively infect only bacterial cells, they have an enormous scope to be used as a therapeutic strategy; recently, phage therapy has been successfully used to treat antibiotic-resistant systemic infections. Their ability to disrupt biofilms widens the scope against periodontal pathogens and dental plaque biofilms in periodontitis. Future research focussing on the oral phageome and phage therapy's effectiveness and safety could pave way for new avenues in periodontal therapy. This review explores our current understanding of bacteriophages, their interactions in the oral microbiome, and their therapeutic potential in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Namratha Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhurya N Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjale Rajagopal
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Molecular Aspects of the Functioning of Pathogenic Bacteria Biofilm Based on Quorum Sensing (QS) Signal-Response System and Innovative Non-Antibiotic Strategies for Their Elimination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2655. [PMID: 38473900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the key mechanisms enabling bacterial cells to create biofilms and regulate crucial life functions in a global and highly synchronized way is a bacterial communication system called quorum sensing (QS). QS is a bacterial cell-to-cell communication process that depends on the bacterial population density and is mediated by small signalling molecules called autoinducers (AIs). In bacteria, QS controls the biofilm formation through the global regulation of gene expression involved in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) synthesis, virulence factor production, stress tolerance and metabolic adaptation. Forming biofilm is one of the crucial mechanisms of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A common feature of human pathogens is the ability to form biofilm, which poses a serious medical issue due to their high susceptibility to traditional antibiotics. Because QS is associated with virulence and biofilm formation, there is a belief that inhibition of QS activity called quorum quenching (QQ) may provide alternative therapeutic methods for treating microbial infections. This review summarises recent progress in biofilm research, focusing on the mechanisms by which biofilms, especially those formed by pathogenic bacteria, become resistant to antibiotic treatment. Subsequently, a potential alternative approach to QS inhibition highlighting innovative non-antibiotic strategies to control AMR and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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Dsouza FP, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Understanding the intricacies of microbial biofilm formation and its endurance in chronic infections: a key to advancing biofilm-targeted therapeutic strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:85. [PMID: 38300317 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can adhere to various surfaces in the environment with human beings being no exception. Enclosed in a self-secreted matrix which contains extracellular polymeric substances, biofilms are intricate communities of bacteria that play a significant role across various sectors and raise concerns for public health, medicine and industries. These complex structures allow free-floating planktonic cells to adopt multicellular mode of growth which leads to persistent infections. This is of great concern as biofilms can withstand external attacks which include antibiotics and immune responses. A more comprehensive and innovative approach to therapy is needed in view of the increasing issue of bacterial resistance brought on by the overuse of conventional antimicrobial medications. Thus, to oppose the challenges posed by biofilm-related infections, innovative therapeutic strategies are being explored which include targeting extracellular polymeric substances, quorum sensing, and persister cells. Biofilm-responsive nanoparticles show promising results by improving drug delivery and reducing the side effects. This review comprehensively examines the factors influencing biofilm formation, host immune defence mechanisms, infections caused by biofilms, diagnostic approaches, and biofilm-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India
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11
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Song Q, Gao B, Zhang S, Hu C. Adopting the "Missile boats-Aircraft carrier" strategy via human-contact friendly oxidized starch to achieve rapid-sustainably antibacterial paperboards. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129066. [PMID: 38158062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based antibacterial agents have received tremendous attention for the facile fabrication, low toxicity, and high compatibility with carbohydrate polymers. However, the antimicrobial mechanism, activity, and cytotoxicity for human-contact paperboards of oxidized starch (OST) with high carboxyl content, has not been explored. Herein, OST-27- 75 with 27- 75 wt% carboxyl contents were fabricated by H2O2 and coated on paperboards. Strikingly, OST-55 coating layer (16 g/m2) did not exfoliate from paperboard and possessed the rapid-sustainable antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The soluble and insoluble components of OST-55 (OST55-S: OST55-IS mass ratio = 1: 2.1) presented different antimicrobial features and herein they were characterized by GC-MS, FT-IR, H-NMR, XRD, bacteriostatic activities, biofilm formation inhibition and intracellular constituent leakage to survey the antibacterial mechanism. The results revealed OST55-S displayed an amorphous structure and possessed superior antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = 4 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC = 8 mg/mL). Distinctively, OST55-S could rapidly ionize [H+] like "missile boats" from small molecule saccharides, while OST55-IS polyelectrolyte could continuously and slowly release for [H+] like an "aircraft carrier" to inhibit biofilm formation and disrupt cell structure. Eventually, the "Missile boats-Aircraft carrier" strategy provided a green methodology to fabricate polymeric antibacterial agents and expanded the use of cellulose-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Song
- Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Qianshan Road 206, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519070, China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuidong Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Changying Hu
- Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Qianshan Road 206, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519070, China; Department of Food Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Huangpu West Avenue 601, Guangzhou City 510632, Guangdong, China..
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12
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Yang R, Zhang H, Marfavi Z, Lv Q, Han Y, Sun K, Yuan C, Tao K. Infiltrating Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsion and Sensitizing Ultrasound Cavitation to Eradicate Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3126-3138. [PMID: 38191301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Developing strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilms is challenging due to their complex and resilient structure, low permeability to therapeutics, and ability to protect resident pathogens. Herein, we demonstrate that a polylysine-stabilized perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion is favored for penetrating biofilms and sensitizing the cavitation effect of low-intensity ultrasound, resulting in the dispersal of extracellular polymeric substances and killing of the protected cells. Through experiments, we observed a complete penetration of the nanoemulsion in a 40 μm Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and demonstrated that it was induced by the fluidic perfluorocarbon, possibly attributing to its low surface tension. Furthermore, we presented an almost complete antibiofilm effect with a low-intensity ultrasound (1 MHz, 0.75 W/cm2, 5 min) in diverse cases, including cultured biofilms, colonized urinary catheters, and chronic wounds. During the treatment process, the perfluorocarbon phase enhanced the number and imploding energy of ultrasound cavities, thoroughly divided the biofilm structure, prevented biofilm self-healing, and sterilized the resident pathogens. Thus, the penetration and sensitization of the nanoemulsion might serve as a facile and potent strategy for eradicating biofilms in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zeinab Marfavi
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Quanjie Lv
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Han
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kang Sun
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Congli Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ke Tao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Santos MG, Nunes da Silva M, Vasconcelos MW, Carvalho SMP. Scientific and technological advances in the development of sustainable disease management tools: a case study on kiwifruit bacterial canker. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1306420. [PMID: 38273947 PMCID: PMC10808555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1306420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Plant disease outbreaks are increasing in a world facing climate change and globalized markets, representing a serious threat to food security. Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker (KBC), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), was selected as a case study for being an example of a pandemic disease that severely impacted crop production, leading to huge economic losses, and for the effort that has been made to control this disease. This review provides an in-depth and critical analysis on the scientific progress made for developing alternative tools for sustainable KBC management. Their status in terms of technological maturity is discussed and a set of opportunities and threats are also presented. The gradual replacement of susceptible kiwifruit cultivars, with more tolerant ones, significantly reduced KBC incidence and was a major milestone for Psa containment - which highlights the importance of plant breeding. Nonetheless, this is a very laborious process. Moreover, the potential threat of Psa evolving to more virulent biovars, or resistant lineages to existing control methods, strengthens the need of keep on exploring effective and more environmentally friendly tools for KBC management. Currently, plant elicitors and beneficial fungi and bacteria are already being used in the field with some degree of success. Precision agriculture technologies, for improving early disease detection and preventing pathogen dispersal, are also being developed and optimized. These include hyperspectral technologies and forecast models for Psa risk assessment, with the latter being slightly more advanced in terms of technological maturity. Additionally, plant protection products based on innovative formulations with molecules with antibacterial activity against Psa (e.g., essential oils, phages and antimicrobial peptides) have been validated primarily in laboratory trials and with few compounds already reaching field application. The lessons learned with this pandemic disease, and the acquired scientific and technological knowledge, can be of importance for sustainably managing other plant diseases and handling future pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G. Santos
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta Nunes da Silva
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta W. Vasconcelos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana M. P. Carvalho
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
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14
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Blanco-Cabra N, Alcàcer-Almansa J, Admella J, Arévalo-Jaimes BV, Torrents E. Nanomedicine against biofilm infections: A roadmap of challenges and limitations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1944. [PMID: 38403876 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures where sessile microbes are embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Their resistance toward the host immune system as well as to a diverse range of antimicrobial treatments poses a serious health and development threat, being in the top 10 global public health threats declared by the World Health Organization. In an effort to combat biofilm-related microbial infections, several strategies have been developed to independently eliminate biofilms or to complement conventional antibiotic therapies. However, their limitations leave room for other treatment alternatives, where the application of nanotechnology to biofilm eradication has gained significant relevance in recent years. Their small size, penetration efficiency, and the design flexibility that they present makes them a promising alternative for biofilm infection treatment, although they also present set-backs. This review aims to describe the main possibilities and limitations of nanomedicine against biofilms, while covering the main aspects of biofilm formation and study, and the current therapies for biofilm treatment. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Alcàcer-Almansa
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Admella
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Betsy Verónica Arévalo-Jaimes
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Samir S. Molecular Machinery of the Triad Holin, Endolysin, and Spanin: Key Players Orchestrating Bacteriophage-Induced Cell Lysis and their Therapeutic Applications. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:85-96. [PMID: 38258777 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665181166231212051621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phage therapy, a promising alternative to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, harnesses the lytic cycle of bacteriophages to target and eliminate bacteria. Key players in this process are the phage lysis proteins, including holin, endolysin, and spanin, which work synergistically to disrupt the bacterial cell wall and induce lysis. Understanding the structure and function of these proteins is crucial for the development of effective therapies. Recombinant versions of these proteins have been engineered to enhance their stability and efficacy. Recent progress in the field has led to the approval of bacteriophage-based therapeutics as drugs, paving the way for their clinical use. These proteins can be combined in phage cocktails or combined with antibiotics to enhance their activity against bacterial biofilms, a common cause of treatment failure. Animal studies and clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in humans. Overall, phage therapy holds great potential as a valuable tool in the fight against multidrug- resistant bacteria, offering hope for the future of infectious disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Samir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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16
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Ritter S, Wright ET, Serwer P. Extracellular Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis, ATP and Phage 0105phi7-2: A Potential New Anti-Bacterial Strategy. Viruses 2023; 15:2409. [PMID: 38140651 PMCID: PMC10747076 DOI: 10.3390/v15122409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The following hypothesis proposes non-diffusive, environmental bacteriophage (phage) motion. (1) Some phage-hosting, motile bacteria undergo chemotaxis down ATP concentration gradients to escape lysis-inducing conditions, such as phage infection. (2) Some phages respond by non-infective binding to the motile bacteria. (3) When the bacteria reach a lower ATP concentration, which is a condition that signals increased density of phage-susceptible bacteria, the phage converts, Trojan-horse-like, to productive binding and infection. This hypothesis was previously proposed for Bacillus thuringiensis siphophage 0105phi7-2. It is tested here and confirmed with the following observations. (1) B. thuringiensis is found, macroscopically, preferentially located at low ATP concentrations when propagated in-gel after inoculation in the center of an artificially generated ATP concentration gradient. (2) Inoculating phage 0105phi7-2 at the bacteria inoculation site, 2-3 h after inoculation of bacteria, results in cell lysing activity that moves with the bacteria, without a visible trail of lysis. Trojan-horse-like behavior is consistent with only biofilm-inhabiting phages because environmental selection for this behavior requires limited fluid flows. We propose using artificial ATP concentration gradients to instigate Trojan-horse-like phage behavior during phage therapy of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ritter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Elena T. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Philip Serwer
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
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17
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Moryl M, Różalski A, de Figueiredo JAP, Palatyńska-Ulatowska A. How Do Phages Disrupt the Structure of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17260. [PMID: 38139094 PMCID: PMC10744153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are composed of multicellular communities of microbial cells and their self-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The viruses named bacteriophages can infect and lyze bacterial cells, leading to efficient biofilm eradication. The aim of this study was to analyze how bacteriophages disrupt the biofilm structure by killing bacterial cells and/or by damaging extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA. The use of colorimetric and spectrofluorimetric methods and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) enabled a comprehensive assessment of phage activity against E. faecalis biofilms. The impact of the phages vB_Efa29212_2e and vB_Efa29212_3e was investigated. They were applied separately or in combination on 1-day and 7-day-old biofilms. Phages 2e effectively inhibited the growth of planktonic cells with a limited effect on the biofilm. They did not notably affect extracellular polysaccharides and proteins; however, they increased DNA levels. Phages 3e demonstrated a potent and dispersing impact on E. faecalis biofilms, despite being slightly less effective than bacteriophages 2e against planktonic cells. Phages 3e reduced the amount of extracellular polysaccharides and increased eDNA levels in both 1-day-old and 7-day-old biofilm cultures. Phage cocktails had a strong antimicrobial effect on both planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria. A significant reduction in the levels of polysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA in 1-day-old biofilm samples was noted, which confirms that phages interfere with the structure of E. faecalis biofilm by killing bacterial cells and affecting extracellular polymer levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Moryl
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Antoni Różalski
- Department of Biology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | | | - Aleksandra Palatyńska-Ulatowska
- Department of Endodontics, Chair of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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18
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Stevenson P, Marguet M, Regulski M. Biofilm and Hospital-Acquired Infections in Older Adults. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2023; 35:375-391. [PMID: 37838413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm infections are a serious threat to public health, resistant to traditional treatments and host immune defenses. Biofilm infections are often polymicrobial, related to chronic wounds, medical devices (eg, knee replacements, catheters, tubes, contact lenses, or prosthetic valves) and chronic recurring diseases. Biofilms are more complex than nonadhered planktonic bacteria and produce a structure that prevents damage to the bacteria within the biofilm structure. The structure provides a hidden route to feed and nurture the bacteria allowing for ongoing spread of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Stevenson
- Next Science™ LLC, 10550 Deerwood Park Boulevard, Suite 300, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA.
| | - Melissa Marguet
- Next Science™ LLC, 10550 Deerwood Park Boulevard, Suite 300, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA
| | - Matthew Regulski
- Next Science™ LLC, 10550 Deerwood Park Boulevard, Suite 300, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA; The Wound Institute of Ocean County, 54 Bey Lea Road Tom's River, NJ 08759, USA
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19
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Fadaie M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Ghafouri E, Naderi S, Darvishali MH, Ghovvati M, Khanahmad H, Boshtam M, Makvandi P. Unraveling the potential of M13 phages in biomedicine: Advancing drug nanodelivery and gene therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117132. [PMID: 37714365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
M13 phages possessing filamentous phage genomes offer the benefits of selective display of molecular moieties and delivery of therapeutic agent payloads with a tolerable safety profile. M13 phage-displayed technology for resembling antigen portions led to the discovery of mimetic epitopes that applied to antibody-based therapy and could be useful in the design of anticancer vaccines. To date, the excremental experiences have engaged the M13 phage in the development of innovative biosensors for detecting biospecies, biomolecules, and human cells with an acceptable limit of detection. Addressing the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, M13 phages are potent for packaging the programmed gene editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas, to target multiple antimicrobial genes. Moreover, their display potential in combination with nanoparticles inspires new approaches for engineering targeted theragnostic platforms targeting multiple cellular biomarkers in vivo. In this review, we present the available data on optimizing the use of bacteriophages with a focus on the to date experiences with M13 phages, either as monoagent or as part of combination regimens in the practices of biosensors, vaccines, bactericidal, modeling of specific antigen epitopes, and phage-guided nanoparticles for drug delivery systems. Despite increasing research interest, a deep understanding of the underlying biological and genetic behaviors of M13 phages is needed to enable the full potential of these bioagents in biomedicine, as discussed here. We also discuss some of the challenges that have thus far limited the development and practical marketing of M13 phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Fadaie
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Ghafouri
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shamsi Naderi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Darvishali
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghovvati
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Boshtam
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Campoccia D, Ravaioli S, Mirzaei R, Bua G, Daglia M, Arciola CR. Interactions of Neutrophils with the Polymeric Molecular Components of the Biofilm Matrix in the Context of Implant-Associated Bone and Joint Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17042. [PMID: 38069365 PMCID: PMC10707472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of orthopedic implants, opportunistic pathogens can easily colonize the biomaterial surfaces, forming protective biofilms. Life in biofilm is a central pathogenetic mechanism enabling bacteria to elude the host immune response and survive conventional medical treatments. The formation of mature biofilms is universally recognized as the main cause of septic prosthetic failures. Neutrophils are the first leukocytes to be recruited at the site of infection. They are highly efficient in detecting and killing planktonic bacteria. However, the interactions of these fundamental effector cells of the immune system with the biofilm matrix, which is the true interface of a biofilm with the host cells, have only recently started to be unveiled and are still to be fully understood. Biofilm matrix macromolecules consist of exopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids, teichoic acids, and the most recently described extracellular DNA. The latter can also be stolen from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by bacteria, who use it to strengthen their biofilms. This paper aims to review the specific interactions that neutrophils develop when they physically encounter the matrix of a biofilm and come to interact with its polymeric molecular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campoccia
- Laboratorio di Patologia Delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Stefano Ravaioli
- Laboratorio di Patologia Delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Gloria Bua
- Laboratorio di Patologia Delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.C.); (S.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Laboratory of Pathology of Implant Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Wang Y, Zong Q, Wu H, Ding Y, Pan X, Fu B, Sun W, Zhai Y. Functional Microneedle Patch for Wound Healing and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300332. [PMID: 37633658 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing, especially chronic wounds, has been one of the major challenges in the field of biomedicine. Drug therapy alone is not effective, so a variety of functional wound healing dressings have been developed. Microneedles have attracted more and more attentions in the field of wound healing dressings due to their penetration and high drug delivery efficiency. In this review, all the studies on the application of microneedles in wound healing in recent years are summarized, classify different microneedles according to their functions in the process of wound healing, discuss the current challenges in the transformation of microneedle technology toward clinical applications, and finally look forward to the future design and development directions of microneedles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qida Zong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huiying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yinglei Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
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22
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Whelan S, Lucey B, Finn K. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2169. [PMID: 37764013 PMCID: PMC10537683 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, especially among women and older adults, leading to a significant global healthcare cost burden. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common cause and accounts for the majority of community-acquired UTIs. Infection by UPEC can cause discomfort, polyuria, and fever. More serious clinical consequences can result in urosepsis, kidney damage, and death. UPEC is a highly adaptive pathogen which presents significant treatment challenges rooted in a complex interplay of molecular factors that allow UPEC to evade host defences, persist within the urinary tract, and resist antibiotic therapy. This review discusses these factors, which include the key genes responsible for adhesion, toxin production, and iron acquisition. Additionally, it addresses antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including chromosomal gene mutations, antibiotic deactivating enzymes, drug efflux, and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking analysis of emerging alternative therapies, such as phage therapy, nano-formulations, and interventions based on nanomaterials, as well as vaccines and strategies for immunomodulation. This review underscores the continued need for research into the molecular basis of pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance in the treatment of UPEC, as well as the need for clinically guided treatment of UTIs, particularly in light of the rapid spread of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
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23
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Li L, Xu Z, Cao R, Li J, Wu CJ, Wang Y, Zhu H. Effects of hydroxyl group in cyclo(Pro-Tyr)-like cyclic dipeptides on their anti-QS activity and self-assembly. iScience 2023; 26:107048. [PMID: 37360689 PMCID: PMC10285644 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of hydroxyl groups on the anti-quorum-sensing (anti-QS) and anti-biofilm activity of structurally similar cyclic dipeptides, namely cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), cyclo(L-Hyp-L-Tyr), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), lacking hydroxyl groups, displayed higher virulence factor inhibition and cytotoxicity, but showed less inhibitory ability in biofilm formation. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo(L-Hyp-L-Tyr) suppressed genes in both the las and rhl systems, whereas cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) mainly downregulated rhlI and pqsR expression. These cyclic dipeptides interacted with the QS-related protein LasR, with similar binding efficiency to the autoinducer 3OC12-HSL, except for cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe) which had lower affinity. In addition, the introduction of hydroxyl groups significantly improved the self-assembly ability of these peptides. Both cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) and cyclo(L-Hyp-L-Tyr) formed assembly particles at the highest tested concentration. The findings revealed the structure-function relationship of this kind of cyclic dipeptides and provided basis for our follow-up research in the design and modification of anti-QS compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zuxian Xu
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ruipin Cao
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yinglu Wang
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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24
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Erol HB, Kaskatepe B, Yildiz S, Altanlar N. The effect of phage-antibiotic combination strategy on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 210:106752. [PMID: 37268109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is considered a critical human pathogen due to multi-drug resistance and increased infections. As a result of the resistance of A. baumannii biofilms to antimicrobial agents, it is necessary to develop new biofilm control strategies. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of two previously isolated bacteriophage C2 phage, K3 phage and phage cocktail (C2 + K3 phage) as a therapeutic agent in combination with antibiotic (colistin) against biofilm of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains (n = 24). The effects of phage and antibiotics on mature biofilm were investigated simultaneously and sequentially in 24 and 48 h. The combination protocol was more effective than antibiotics alone in 54.16% of the strains in 24 h. The sequential application was more effective than the simultaneous protocol compared with the 24 h single applications. When the application of antibiotics and phages alone was compared with their combined administration in 48 h. The sequential and simultaneous applications were more effective than single applications in all strains except two. We observed that combination of phage and antibiotics could increase biofilm eradication and provides new insights into the use of bacteriophages and antibiotics in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Basak Erol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Banu Kaskatepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sulhiye Yildiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurten Altanlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37370331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine and has changed medical practice, enabling successful fighting of infection. However, quickly after the start of the antibiotic era, therapeutics for infectious diseases started having limitations due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Since the antibiotic pipeline has largely slowed down, with few new compounds being produced in the last decades and with most of them belonging to already-existing classes, the discovery of new ways to treat pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics is becoming an urgent need. To that end, bacteriophages (phages), which are already used in some countries in agriculture, aquaculture, food safety, and wastewater plant treatments, could be also used in clinical practice against bacterial pathogens. Their discovery one century ago was followed by some clinical studies that showed optimistic results that were limited, however, by some notable obstacles. However, the rise of antibiotics during the next decades left phage research in an inactive status. In the last decades, new studies on phages have shown encouraging results in animals. Hence, further studies in humans are needed to confirm their potential for effective and safe treatment in cases where there are few or no other viable therapeutic options. This study reviews the biology and applications of phages for medical and non-medical uses in a narrative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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26
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Yang H, Zhan X, Song L, Cheng S, Su R, Zhang Y, Guo D, Lü X, Xia X, Shi C. Synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm mechanisms of ultrasound combined with citral nanoemulsion against Staphylococcus aureus 29213. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 391-393:110150. [PMID: 36870235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanism of ultrasound (US) combined with citral nanoemulsion (CLNE) against Staphylococcus aureus and mature biofilm. Combined treatments resulted in greater reductions in bacterial numbers compared to ultrasound or CLNE treatments alone. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry (FCM), protein nucleic acid leakage, and N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine (NPN) uptake analysis showed that the combined treatment disrupted cell membrane integrity and permeability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays indicated that US+CLNE exacerbated cellular oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that the synergistic processing of ultrasound and CLNE resulted in cell rupture and collapse. In addition, US+CLNE showed a more pronounced removal effect than both alone in the biofilm on the stainless steel sheet. US+CLNE reduced biomass, the number of viable cells in the biofilm, cell viability and EPS polysaccharide contents. The results of CLSM also showed that US+CLNE disrupted the structure of the biofilm. This research elucidates the synergistic antibacterial and anti-biofilm mechanism of ultrasound combined citral nanoemulsion, which provides a safe and efficient sterilization method for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luyi Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ruiying Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Du Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116304, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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27
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Manoharadas S, Ahmad N, Altaf M, Alrefaei AF, Al-Rayes BF. An Enzybiotic Cocktail Effectively Disrupts Preformed Dual Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040564. [PMID: 37111322 PMCID: PMC10145859 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise around the world. Chronic infections caused by these pathogens through biofilm mediation often complicate the situation. In natural settings, biofilms are often formed with different species of bacteria existing synergistically or antagonistically. Biofilms on diabetic foot ulcers are formed predominantly by two opportunistic pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Bacteriophages and phage-based proteins, including endolysins, have been found to be active against biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the activity of two engineered enzybiotics either by themselves or as a combination against a dual biofilm formed by S. aureus and E. faecalis in an inert glass surface. An additive effect in rapidly disrupting the preformed dual biofilm was observed with the cocktail of proteins, in comparison with mono treatment. The cocktail-treated biofilms were dispersed by more than 90% within 3 h of treatment. Apart from biofilm disruption, bacterial cells embedded in the biofilm matrix were also effectively reduced by more than 90% within 3 h of treatment. This is the first instance where a cocktail of engineered enzybiotics has been effectively used to impede the structural integrity of a dual biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel F Al-Rayes
- Central Laboratory RM 63AA, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Dai S, Gao Y, Duan L. Recent advances in hydrogel coatings for urinary catheters. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Dai
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Duan
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Life Science and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun People's Republic of China
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29
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Lv X, Wang L, Mei A, Xu Y, Ruan X, Wang W, Shao J, Yang D, Dong X. Recent Nanotechnologies to Overcome the Bacterial Biofilm Matrix Barriers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206220. [PMID: 36470671 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm-related infectious diseases severely influence human health. Under typical situations, pathogens can colonize inert or biological surfaces and form biofilms. Biofilms are functional aggregates that coat bacteria with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The main reason for the failure of biofilm infection treatment is the low permeability and enrichment of therapeutic agents within the biofilm, which results from the particular features of biofilm matrix barriers such as negatively charged biofilm components and highly viscous compact EPS structures. Hence, developing novel therapeutic strategies with enhanced biofilm penetrability is crucial. Herein, the current progress of nanotechnology methods to improve therapeutic agents' penetrability against biofilm matrix, such as regulating material morphology and surface properties, utilizing the physical penetration of nano/micromotors or microneedle patches, and equipping nanoparticles with EPS degradation enzymes or signal molecules, is first summarized. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and future implementations of engineered delivery systems to manage biofilm infections are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Leichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Anqing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Jinjun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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30
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Zaki BM, Fahmy NA, Aziz RK, Samir R, El-Shibiny A. Characterization and comprehensive genome analysis of novel bacteriophage, vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p, with lytic and anti-biofilm potential against clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1077995. [PMID: 36756618 PMCID: PMC9901506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1077995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is alarming. Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of death by hospital-acquired infections, and its multidrug-resistant strains are flagged as a global threat to human health, which necessitates finding novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. One promising therapeutic alternative is the use of virulent bacteriophages, which specifically target bacteria and coevolve with them to overcome potential resistance. Here, we aimed to discover specific bacteriophages with therapeutic potential against multiresistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Methods and Results Out of six bacteriophages that we isolated from urban and medical sewage, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p had the broadest host range and was thus characterized in detail. Transmission electron microscopy suggests vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p to be a tailed phage of the siphoviral morphotype. In vitro evaluation indicated a high lytic efficiency (30 min latent period and burst size of ∼100 PFU/cell), and extended stability at temperatures up to 70°C and a wide range of (2-12) pH. Additionally, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p possesses antibiofilm activity that was evaluated by the crystal violet assay and was not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblasts. The whole genome was sequenced and annotated, uncovering one tRNA gene and 33 genes encoding proteins with assigned functions out of 85 predicted genes. Furthermore, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p most likely represents a new species, but belongs to the same genus as Klebsiella phages ZCKP8 and 6691. Comprehensive genomic and bioinformatics analyses substantiate the safety of the phage and its strictly lytic lifestyle. Conclusion Phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p is a novel phage with potential to be used against biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae and could be a promising source for antibacterial and antibiofilm products, which will be individually studied experimentally in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Giza, Egypt,Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada A. Fahmy
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Karam Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt,*Correspondence: Reham Samir, ; Ayman El-Shibiny,
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31
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da Silva Barreira D, Laurent J, Lourenço J, Novion Ducassou J, Couté Y, Guzzo J, Rieu A. Membrane vesicles released by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 inhibit the biofilm formation of Salmonella Enteritidis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1163. [PMID: 36670157 PMCID: PMC9859808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms represent a major concern in the food industry and healthcare. The use of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives as an alternative to conventional treatments to fight biofilm development is a promising option that has provided convincing results in the last decades. Recently, membrane vesicles (MVs) produced by probiotics have generated considerable interest due to the diversity of roles they have been associated with. However, the antimicrobial activity of probiotic MVs remains to be studied. In this work, we showed that membrane vesicles produced by Lacticaseibacillus casei BL23 (LC-MVs) exhibited strong antibiofilm activity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) without affecting bacterial growth. Furthermore, we found that LC-MVs affected the early stages of S. Enteritidis biofilm development and prevented attachment of bacteria to polystyrene surfaces. Importantly, LC-MVs did not impact the biomass of already established biofilms. We also demonstrated that the antibiofilm activity depended on the proteins associated with the LC-MV fraction. Finally, two peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) were found to be associated with the antibiofilm activity of LC-MVs. Overall, this work allowed to identify the antibiofilm properties of LC-MVs and paved the way for the use of probiotic MVs against the development of negative biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David da Silva Barreira
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julie Laurent
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jessica Lourenço
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julia Novion Ducassou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, R2048, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, UMR BioSanté U1292, CNRS, CEA, R2048, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Guzzo
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Aurélie Rieu
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), AgroSup Dijon, UMR PAM A 02.102, 21000, Dijon, France.
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32
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Mohamad F, Alzahrani RR, Alsaadi A, Alrfaei BM, Yassin AEB, Alkhulaifi MM, Halwani M. An Explorative Review on Advanced Approaches to Overcome Bacterial Resistance by Curbing Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:19-49. [PMID: 36636380 PMCID: PMC9830422 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s380883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens evoked the development of innovative approaches targeting virulence factors unique to their pathogenic cascade. These approaches aimed to explore anti-virulence or anti-infective therapies. There are evident concerns regarding the bacterial ability to create a superstructure, the biofilm. Biofilm formation is a crucial virulence factor causing difficult-to-treat, localized, and systemic infections. The microenvironments of bacterial biofilm reduce the efficacy of antibiotics and evade the host's immunity. Producing a biofilm is not limited to a specific group of bacteria; however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are exemplary models. This review discusses biofilm formation as a virulence factor and the link to antimicrobial resistance. In addition, it explores insights into innovative multi-targeted approaches and their physiological mechanisms to combat biofilms, including natural compounds, phages, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), CRISPR-Cas gene editing, and nano-mediated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mohamad
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad R Alzahrani
- Nanomedicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alsaadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahauddeen M Alrfaei
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Eldeen B Yassin
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Alkhulaifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,Manal M Alkhulaifi, P.O. Box 55670, Riyadh, 11544, Tel +966 (11) 805-1685, Email
| | - Majed Halwani
- Nanomedicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Correspondence: Majed Halwani, P.O. Box 3660, Mail Code 1515 (KAIMRC), Riyadh, 11481, Tel +966 (11) 429-4433, Fax +966 (11) 429-4440, Email ;
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García-Cruz JC, Huelgas-Méndez D, Jiménez-Zúñiga JS, Rebollar-Juárez X, Hernández-Garnica M, Fernández-Presas AM, Husain FM, Alenazy R, Alqasmi M, Albalawi T, Alam P, García-Contreras R. Myriad applications of bacteriophages beyond phage therapy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15272. [PMID: 37101788 PMCID: PMC10124553 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity on the planet, having pivotal roles in bacterial ecology, animal and plant health, and in the biogeochemical cycles. Although, in principle, phages are simple entities that replicate at the expense of their bacterial hosts, due the importance of bacteria in all aspects of nature, they have the potential to influence and modify diverse processes, either in subtle or profound ways. Traditionally, the main application of bacteriophages is phage therapy, which is their utilization to combat and help to clear bacterial infections, from enteric diseases, to skin infections, chronic infections, sepsis, etc. Nevertheless, phages can also be potentially used for several other tasks, including food preservation, disinfection of surfaces, treatment of several dysbioses, and modulation of microbiomes. Phages may also be used as tools for the treatment of non-bacterial infections and pest control in agriculture; moreover, they can be used to decrease bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance and even to combat global warming. In this review manuscript we discuss these possible applications and promote their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos García-Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Huelgas-Méndez
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Santiago Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xareni Rebollar-Juárez
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariel Hernández-Garnica
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqasmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Anti-Biofilm Effect of Bacteriophages and Antibiotics against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121706. [PMID: 36551363 PMCID: PMC9774793 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common cause of biofilm-associated urinary tract infections. Bacteria inside the biofilm are more resistant to antibiotics. Six E. coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections were screened for biofilm-forming capability and antimicrobial susceptibility. Two of the most significant biofilm-producing strains were selected for minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal biofilm eradication concentration in vitro testing using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and three commercial bacteriophage cocktails (Pyobacteriophag, Ses, and Intesti). In case of a low phage effect, an adaptation procedure was performed. Although the biofilms formed by strain 021UR were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin, the three phage cocktails were able to reduce biofilm formation. In contrast, phages did not affect the 01206UR strain against planktonic and biofilm-forming cells. After Pyobacteriophag adaptation, the effect improved, and, regardless of the concentration, the adapted phage cocktail could destroy both planktonic cells and the biofilm of strain 01206UR. Bacteriophages capable of killing bacteria in biofilms can be used as an alternative to antibiotics. However, each case should be considered individually due to the lack of clinical trials for phage therapy. Antimicrobial and phage susceptibility should be determined in biofilm models before treatment to achieve the desired anti-biofilm effect.
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Li X, Liang Y, Wang Z, Yao Y, Chen X, Shao A, Lu L, Dang H. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Vibrio natriegens—Infecting Phage and Its Potential Therapeutic Application in Abalone Aquaculture. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111670. [PMID: 36421384 PMCID: PMC9687132 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phage-based pathogen control (i.e., phage therapy) has received increasing scientific attention to reduce and prevent the emergence, transmission, and detrimental effects of antibiotic resistance. In the current study, multidrug-resistant Vibrio natriegens strain AbY-1805 was isolated and tentatively identified as a pathogen causing the death of juvenile Pacific abalones (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). In order to apply phage therapy, instead of antibiotics, to treat and control V. natriegens infections in marine aquaculture environments, a lytic phage, vB_VnaS-L3, was isolated. It could effectively infect V. natriegens AbY-1805 with a short latent period (40 min) and high burst size (~890 PFU/cell). Treatment with vB_VnaS-L3 significantly reduced the mortality of juvenile abalones and maintained abalone feeding capacity over a 40-day V. natriegens challenge experiment. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses suggested that vB_VnaS-L3 was a novel marine Siphoviridae-family phage. Furthermore, vB_VnaS-L3 had a narrow host range, possibly specific to the pathogenic V. natriegens strains. It also exhibited viability at a wide range of pH, temperature, and salinity. The short latent period, large burst size, high host specificity, and broad environmental adaptation suggest that phage vB_VnaS-L3 could potentially be developed as an alternative antimicrobial for the control and prevention of marine animal infections caused by pathogenic V. natriegens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Yanyan Yao
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Anran Shao
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
| | - Longfei Lu
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264316, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Hongyue Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (H.D.)
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Mirzaei A, Wagemans J, Nasr Esfahani B, Lavigne R, Moghim S. A Phage Cocktail To Control Surface Colonization by Proteus mirabilis in Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0209222. [PMID: 36194151 PMCID: PMC9602741 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02092-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a biofilm-forming bacterium and one of the most common causes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis represents a severe threat to management of nosocomial infections. This study aimed to isolate a potent phage cocktail and assess its potential to control urinary tract infections caused by biofilm-forming P. mirabilis. Two lytic phages, Isf-Pm1 and Isf-Pm2, were isolated and characterized by proteome analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and whole-genome sequencing. The host range and effect of the phage cocktail to reduce the biofilm formation were assessed by a cell adhesion assay in Vero cells and a phantom bladder model. The samples treated with the phage cocktail showed a significant reduction (65%) in the biofilm mass. Anti-quorum sensing and quantitative real-time PCR assays were also used to assess the amounts of transcription of genes involved in quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Furthermore, the phage-treated samples showed a downregulation of genes involved in the biofilm formation. In conclusion, these results highlight the efficacy of two isolated phages to control the biofilms produced by P. mirabilis CAUTIs. IMPORTANCE The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial strains and biofilm formation of bacteria have severely restricted the use of antibiotics and become a challenging issue in hospitals. Therefore, there is a necessity for alternative or complementary treatment measures, such as the use of virulent bacteriophages (phages), as effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mirzaei
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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