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Yuan W, Shi X, Lee LTO. RNA therapeutics in targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and challenges. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102195. [PMID: 38741614 PMCID: PMC11089380 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major targets of existing drugs for a plethora of human diseases and dominate the pharmaceutical market. However, over 50% of the GPCRs remain undruggable. To pursue a breakthrough and overcome this situation, there is significant clinical research for developing RNA-based drugs specifically targeting GPCRs, but none has been approved so far. RNA therapeutics represent a unique and promising approach to selectively targeting previously undruggable targets, including undruggable GPCRs. However, the development of RNA therapeutics faces significant challenges in areas of RNA stability and efficient in vivo delivery. This review presents an overview of the advances in RNA therapeutics and the diverse types of nanoparticle RNA delivery systems. It also describes the potential applications of GPCR-targeted RNA drugs for various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Yuan
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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2
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Belgrad J, Fakih HH, Khvorova A. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics: Successes, Milestones, and Upcoming Innovation. Nucleic Acid Ther 2024; 34:52-72. [PMID: 38507678 PMCID: PMC11302270 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2023.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies have become the third major drug class after small molecules and antibodies. The role of nucleic acid-based therapies has been strengthened by recent regulatory approvals and tremendous clinical success. In this review, we look at the major obstacles that have hindered the field, the historical milestones that have been achieved, and what is yet to be resolved and anticipated soon. This review provides a view of the key innovations that are expanding nucleic acid capabilities, setting the stage for the future of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Belgrad
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hassan H. Fakih
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Nazari A, Momayezi A, Faghihkhorasani F, Rasool Riyadh Abdulwahid AH, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Kavei M, Rezaei R, Mobarak H, Aref AR, Fang W. Nano-scale delivery systems for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy: New era of gene therapy empowered by nanotechnology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117263. [PMID: 37797672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a unique treatment approach used to decrease a disease's excessive gene expression, including cancer. SiRNAs may find and destroy homologous mRNA sequences within the cell thanks to RNAi processes. However, difficulties such poor cellular uptake, off-target effects, and susceptibility to destruction by serum nucleases in the bloodstream restrict the therapeutic potential of siRNAs. Since some years ago, siRNA-based therapies have been in the process of being translated into the clinic. Therefore, the primary emphasis of this work is on sophisticated nanocarriers that aid in the transport of siRNA payloads, their administration in combination with anticancer medications, and their use in the treatment of cancer. The research looks into molecular manifestations, difficulties with siRNA transport, the design and development of siRNA-based delivery methods, and the benefits and drawbacks of various nanocarriers. The trapping of siRNA in endosomes is a challenge for the majority of delivery methods, which affects the therapeutic effectiveness. Numerous techniques for siRNA release, including as pH-responsive release, membrane fusion, the proton sponge effect, and photochemical disruption, have been studied to overcome this problem. The present state of siRNA treatments in clinical trials is also looked at in order to give a thorough and systematic evaluation of siRNA-based medicines for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Momayezi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science, and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammed Kavei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roya Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Clinical Pathologist, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Isazadeh H, Oruji F, Shabani S, Behroozi J, Nasiri H, Isazadeh A, Akbari M. Advances in siRNA delivery approaches in cancer therapy: challenges and opportunities. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9529-9543. [PMID: 37741808 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the clinical applications of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in cancer therapy have opened up new possibilities for precision medicine. siRNAs, as powerful genetic tools, have shown potential in targeting and suppressing the expression of specific genes associated with cancer progression. Their effectiveness has been further enhanced by incorporating them into nanoparticles, which protect siRNAs from degradation and enable targeted delivery. However, despite these promising developments, several challenges persist in the clinical translation of siRNA-based cancer therapy. This comprehensive review explores the progress and challenges associated with the clinical applications of siRNA in cancer therapy. This review highlights the use of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles as an effective delivery system for optimizing siRNA efficacy in various types of carcinomas and the potential of siRNA-based therapy as a genetic approach to overcome limitations associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including severe drug toxicities and organ damage. Moreover, it emphasizes on the key challenges, including off-target effects, enzymatic degradation of siRNAs in serum, low tumor localization, stability issues, and rapid clearance from circulation that need to be addressed for successful clinical development of siRNA-based cancer therapy. Despite these challenges, the review identifies significant avenues for advancing siRNA technology from the laboratory to clinical settings. The ongoing progress in siRNA-loaded nanoparticles for cancer treatment demonstrates potential antitumor activities and safety profiles. By understanding the current state of siRNA-based therapy and addressing the existing challenges, we aim to pave the way for translating siRNA technology into effective oncologic clinics as an improved treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farshid Oruji
- College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shima Shabani
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Taverna S, Masucci A, Cammarata G. PIWI-RNAs Small Noncoding RNAs with Smart Functions: Potential Theranostic Applications in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3912. [PMID: 37568728 PMCID: PMC10417041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that bind components of the PIWI protein family. piRNAs are specifically expressed in different human tissues and regulate important signaling pathways. Aberrant expressions of piRNAs and PIWI proteins have been associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent studies reported that piRNAs are contained in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanosized lipid particles, with key roles in cell-cell communication. EVs contain several bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, including emerging ncRNAs. EVs are one of the components of liquid biopsy (LB) a non-invasive method for detecting specific molecular biomarkers in liquid samples. LB could become a crucial tool for cancer diagnosis with piRNAs as biomarkers in a precision oncology approach. This review summarizes the current findings on the roles of piRNAs in different cancer types, focusing on potential theranostic applications of piRNAs contained in EVs (EV-piRNAs). Their roles as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as new therapeutic options have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Taverna
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Masucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Ahmad M, Weiswald LB, Poulain L, Denoyelle C, Meryet-Figuiere M. Involvement of lncRNAs in cancer cells migration, invasion and metastasis: cytoskeleton and ECM crosstalk. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:173. [PMID: 37464436 PMCID: PMC10353155 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the main cause of death worldwide and metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis and cancer-associated mortality. Metastatic conversion of cancer cells is a multiplex process, including EMT through cytoskeleton remodeling and interaction with TME. Tens of thousands of putative lncRNAs have been identified, but the biological functions of most are still to be identified. However, lncRNAs have already emerged as key regulators of gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level to control gene expression in a spatio-temporal fashion. LncRNA-dependent mechanisms can control cell fates during development and their perturbed expression is associated with the onset and progression of many diseases including cancer. LncRNAs have been involved in each step of cancer cells metastasis through different modes of action. The investigation of lncRNAs different roles in cancer metastasis could possibly lead to the identification of new biomarkers and innovative cancer therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmad
- (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), Baclesse Cancer Centre, Université de Caen Normandie Inserm Anticipe UMR 1086, Normandie Univ, Research Building, F-14000 François 3 Avenue Général Harris, BP 45026, 14 076, cedex 05, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 14000, Egypt
| | - Louis-Bastien Weiswald
- (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), Baclesse Cancer Centre, Université de Caen Normandie Inserm Anticipe UMR 1086, Normandie Univ, Research Building, F-14000 François 3 Avenue Général Harris, BP 45026, 14 076, cedex 05, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), Baclesse Cancer Centre, Université de Caen Normandie Inserm Anticipe UMR 1086, Normandie Univ, Research Building, F-14000 François 3 Avenue Général Harris, BP 45026, 14 076, cedex 05, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Christophe Denoyelle
- (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), Baclesse Cancer Centre, Université de Caen Normandie Inserm Anticipe UMR 1086, Normandie Univ, Research Building, F-14000 François 3 Avenue Général Harris, BP 45026, 14 076, cedex 05, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Matthieu Meryet-Figuiere
- (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment), Baclesse Cancer Centre, Université de Caen Normandie Inserm Anticipe UMR 1086, Normandie Univ, Research Building, F-14000 François 3 Avenue Général Harris, BP 45026, 14 076, cedex 05, Caen, France.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France.
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Subhan MA, Filipczak N, Torchilin VP. Advances with Lipid-Based Nanosystems for siRNA Delivery to Breast Cancers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:970. [PMID: 37513882 PMCID: PMC10386415 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Breast cancer is also the key reason for worldwide cancer-related deaths among women. The application of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based drugs to combat breast cancer requires effective gene silencing in tumor cells. To overcome the challenges of drug delivery to tumors, various nanosystems for siRNA delivery, including lipid-based nanoparticles that protect siRNA from degradation for delivery to cancer cells have been developed. These nanosystems have shown great potential for efficient and targeted siRNA delivery to breast cancer cells. Lipid-based nanosystems remain promising as siRNA drug delivery carriers for effective and safe cancer therapy including breast cancer. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating siRNA enable efficient and specific silencing of oncogenes in breast tumors. This review discusses a variety of lipid-based nanosystems including cationic lipids, sterols, phospholipids, PEG-lipid conjugates, ionizable liposomes, exosomes for effective siRNA drug delivery to breast tumors, and the clinical translation of lipid-based siRNA nanosystems for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 675, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Okła E, Białecki P, Kędzierska M, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Miłowska K, Takvor S, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with siRNA: Complexes Formation and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076638. [PMID: 37047610 PMCID: PMC10094790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, liposomes, polymers or gold/silver nanoparticles could be used to advance modern medicine. One significant pharmacological problem is crossing biological barriers by commonly used drugs, e.g., in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which have a problem of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery. Numerous studies have been conducted to find appropriate drug carriers that are safe, biocompatible and efficient. In this work, we evaluate pegylated gold nanoparticles AuNP14a and AuNP14b after their conjugation with therapeutic siRNA directed against APOE4. This genetic risk factor remains the strongest predictor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The study aimed to assess the biophysical properties of AuNPs/siAPOE complexes and to check their biological safety on healthy cells using human brain endothelial cells (HBEC-5i). Techniques such as fluorescence polarization, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements and gel retardation assay showed that AuNPs form stable complexes with siRNA. Subsequently, cytotoxicity assays proved the biological safety of formed conjugates. Obtained results enabled us to find effective concentrations of AuNPs when complexes are formed and non-toxic for healthy cells. One of the studied nanoparticles, AuNP14b complexed with siRNA, displayed lower cytotoxicity (MTT assay, cells viability −74.8 ± 3.1%) than free nanoparticles (44.7 ± 3.6%). This may be promising for further investigations in nucleic acid delivery and could have practical use in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Okła
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białecki
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Kędzierska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Samuel Takvor
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Epanchintseva AV, Poletaeva JE, Dome AS, Dovydenko IS, Pyshnaya IA, Ryabchikova EI. Chemical Modifications Influence the Number of siRNA Molecules Adsorbed on Gold Nanoparticles and the Efficiency of Downregulation of a Target Protein. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4450. [PMID: 36558301 PMCID: PMC9781748 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a powerful tool for specific suppression of protein synthesis in the cell, and this determines the attractiveness of siRNAs as a drug. Low resistance of siRNA to nucleases and inability to enter into target cells are the most crucial issues in developing siRNA-based therapy. To face this challenge, we designed multilayer nanoconstruct (MLNC) with AuNP core bearing chemically modified siRNAs. We applied chemical modifications 2'-OMe and 2'-F substitutions as well as their combinations with phosphoryl guanidine group in the internucleotide phosphate. The effect of modification on the efficiency of siRNA loading into nanocarriers was examined. The introduction of the internucleotide modifications into at least one of the strands raised the efficiency of siRNA adsorption on the surface of gold core. We also tested the stability of modified siRNA adsorbed on gold core in the presence of serum. Based on loading efficiency and stability, MLNCs with the most siRNA effective cargo were selected, and they showed an increase in biological activity compared to control MLNCs. Our study demonstrated the effect of chemical modifications of siRNA on its binding to the AuNP-based carrier, which directly affects the efficiency of target protein expression inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilya S. Dovydenko
- Correspondence: (I.S.D.); (E.I.R.); Tel.: +7-(383)-363-5163 (I.S.D. & E.I.R.)
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Zhao JF, Zou FL, Zhu JF, Huang C, Bu FQ, Zhu ZM, Yuan RF. Nano-drug delivery system for pancreatic cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025618. [PMID: 36330100 PMCID: PMC9622975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nano drug delivery system (NDDS) can significantly improve the delivery and efficacy of drugs against pancreatic cancer (PC) in many ways. The purpose of this study is to explore the related research fields of NDDS for PC from the perspective of bibliometrics. Methods: Articles and reviews on NDDS for PC published between 2003 and 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R-bibliometrix, and Microsoft Excel were comprehensively used for bibliometric and visual analysis. Results: A total of 1329 papers on NDDS for PC were included. The number of papers showed an upward trend over the past 20 years. The United States contributed the most papers, followed by China, and India. Also, the United States had the highest number of total citations and H-index. The institution with the most papers was Chinese Acad Sci, which was also the most important in international institutional cooperation. Professors Couvreur P and Kazuoka K made great achievements in this field. JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE published the most papers and was cited the most. The topics related to the tumor microenvironment such as “tumor microenvironment”, “tumor penetration”, “hypoxia”, “exosome”, and “autophagy”, PC treatment-related topics such as “immunotherapy”, “combination therapy”, “alternating magnetic field/magnetic hyperthermia”, and “ultrasound”, and gene therapy dominated by “siRNA” and “miRNA” were the research hotspots in the field of NDDS for PC. Conclusion: This study systematically uncovered a holistic picture of the performance of NDDS for PC-related literature over the past 20 years. We provided scholars to understand key information in this field with the perspective of bibliometrics, which we believe may greatly facilitate future research in this field.
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