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Arif ST, Khan MA, Zaman SU, Sarwar HS, Raza A, Sarfraz M, Bin Jardan YA, Amin MU, Sohail MF. Enhanced Antidepressant Activity of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Levosulpiride in Behavioral Despair Tests in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1220. [PMID: 37765028 PMCID: PMC10535960 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of levosulpiride-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (LSP-NLCs) for enhanced antidepressant and anxiolytic effects was evaluated in the current study. A forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were carried out to determine the antidepressant effect whereas anxiolytic activity was investigated using light-dark box and open field tests. Behavioral changes were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressed animals. The access of LSP to the brain to produce therapeutic effects was estimated qualitatively by using fluorescently labeled LSP-NLCs. The distribution of LSP-NLCs was analyzed using ex vivo imaging of major organs after oral and intraperitoneal administration. Acute toxicity studies were carried out to assess the safety of LSP-NLCs in vivo. An improved antidepressant effect of LSP-NLCs on LPS-induced depression showed an increase in swimming time (237 ± 51 s) and struggling time (226 ± 15 s) with a reduction in floating (123 ± 51 s) and immobility time (134 ± 15 s) in FST and TST. The anxiolytic activity in the light-dark box and open field tests exhibited superiority over LSP dispersion. Near-infrared images of fluorescently labeled LSP-NLCs demonstrated the presence of coumarin dye in the brain after 1 h of administration. An acute toxicity study revealed no significant changes in organ-to-body weight ratio, serum biochemistry or tissue histology of major organs. It can be concluded that nanostructured lipid carriers can efficiently deliver LSP to the brain for improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Tabassam Arif
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.T.A.); (M.A.K.); (S.u.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Ayub Khan
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.T.A.); (M.A.K.); (S.u.Z.)
| | - Shahiq uz Zaman
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.T.A.); (M.A.K.); (S.u.Z.)
| | - Hafiz Shoaib Sarwar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Abida Raza
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), PIEAS, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Umair Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Sotirova Y, Gugleva V, Stoeva S, Kolev I, Nikolova R, Marudova M, Nikolova K, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Hristova M, Andonova V. Bigel Formulations of Nanoencapsulated St. John's Wort Extract-An Approach for Enhanced Wound Healing. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050360. [PMID: 37232952 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a semisolid vehicle for topical delivery of nanoencapsulated St. John's wort (SJW) extract, rich in hyperforin (HP), and explore its wound-healing potential. Four nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were obtained: blank and HP-rich SJW extract-loaded (HP-NLC). They comprised glyceryl behenate (GB) as a solid lipid, almond oil (AO), or borage oil (BO) representing the liquid lipid, along with polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (PSMO) and sorbitan monooleate (SMO) as surfactants. The dispersions demonstrated anisometric nanoscale particles with acceptable size distribution and disrupted crystalline structure, providing entrapment capacity higher than 70%. The carrier exhibiting preferable characteristics (HP-NLC2) was gelled with Poloxamer 407 (PM407) to serve as the hydrophilic phase of a bigel, to which the combination of BO and sorbitan monostearate (SMS) organogel was added. The eight prepared bigels with different proportions (blank and nanodispersion-loaded) were characterized rheologically and texturally to investigate the impact of the hydrogel-to-oleogel ratio. The therapeutic potential of the superior formulation (HP-NLC-BG2) was evaluated in vivo on Wistar male rats through the tensile strength test on a primary-closed incised wound. Compared with a commercial herbal semisolid and a control group, the highest tear resistance (7.764 ± 0.13 N) was achieved by HP-NLC-BG2, proving its outstanding wound-healing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Sotirova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Viliana Gugleva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Stanila Stoeva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Kolev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Nikolova
- Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Marudova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physics and Technology, University of Plovdiv "Paisii Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krastena Nikolova
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Minka Hristova
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Velichka Andonova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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