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García-Silva I, Farfán-Castro S, Rosales-Mendoza S, Palestino G. Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Nanoparticles Based on Poly (Acrylic Acid) and Algal Cell Wall Biopolymers for the Delivery of the Receptor Binding Domain from SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:891. [PMID: 39065588 PMCID: PMC11279463 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic required great efforts to develop efficient vaccines in a short period of time. However, innovative vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus are needed to achieve broad immune protection against variants of concern. Polymeric-based particles can lead to innovative vaccines, serving as stable, safe and immunostimulatory antigen delivery systems. In this work, polymeric-based particles called thiolated PAA/Schizo were developed. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was thiolated with cysteine ethyl ester and crosslinked with a Schizochytrium sp. cell wall fraction under an inverse emulsion approach. Particles showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 313 ± 38 nm and negative Zeta potential. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of coconut oil in thiolated PAA/Schizo particles, which, along with the microalgae, could contribute to their biocompatibility and bioactive properties. TGA analysis suggested strong interactions between the thiolated PAA/Schizo components. In vitro assessment revealed that thiolated particles have a higher mucoadhesiveness when compared with non-thiolated particles. Cell-based assays revealed that thiolated particles are not cytotoxic and, importantly, increase TNF-α secretion in murine dendritic cells. Moreover, immunization assays revealed that thiolated PAA/Schizo particles induced a humoral response with a more balanced IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Therefore, thiolated PAA/Schizo particles are deemed a promising delivery system whose evaluation in vaccine prototypes is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana García-Silva
- Biotechnology Section, Center for Research in Health Science and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (S.F.-C.)
- Biopolymers and Nanostructures Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Susan Farfán-Castro
- Biotechnology Section, Center for Research in Health Science and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (S.F.-C.)
- Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Biotechnology Section, Center for Research in Health Science and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (S.F.-C.)
- Recombinant Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Palestino
- Biotechnology Section, Center for Research in Health Science and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas de San Luis, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico; (I.G.-S.); (S.F.-C.)
- Biopolymers and Nanostructures Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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Guktur RE, Olorunfemi PO, Ochekpe NA. Process and isothermal storage stabilities of a live veterinary vaccine formulated with Plectranthus esculentus tuber starch derivatives as stabilizers. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123766. [PMID: 38181991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Comparability stability studies of a live Newcastle Disease LaSota vaccine were conducted post freeze-drying and during storage at 5±2, 25±2 and 37±1 °C to demonstrate the equivalence/inequivalence of stability profiles of vaccines stabilized with peptone (reference), trehalose and starch derivatives (acetylated xerogel and carboxymethylated) from Plectranthus esculentus tubers. Variations in moisture content during storage at 5±2 °C; physical collapse/shrinkage, partial microcollapse, and hydrophilicity of lyophilisates were prominent in starch stabilized vaccines without additives. Using the mean embryo infective dose (EID50) test, the derivatives and peptone stabilized vaccines had < 0.5 logEID50 loss in titre during freeze-drying. At the storage temperatures of 5±2, 25±2 and 37±1 °C, using peptone, acetylated xerogel starch, carboxymethylated starch, and trehalose, the average shelf lives of the vaccines were 23-55, 21-26, and 2.6-4.9 months respectively. Acetylated xerogel and carboxymethylated derivatives of Plectranthus esculentus tuber starch with/without additives were able to keep the live ND LaSota vaccine stable during freeze-drying at 1-3 % w/v. The stability of all the vaccines declined as storage temperatures increased. The acetylated xerogel stabilized vaccines were more stable than all of the others at 25±2 and 37±1 °C temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Guktur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Patrick O Olorunfemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria
| | - Nelson A Ochekpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
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Zhao Y, Dong H, Xia Q, Wang Y, Zhu L, Hu Z, Xia J, Mao Q, Weng Z, Yi J, Feng S, Jiang Y, Liao W, Xin Z. A new strategy for intervertebral disc regeneration: The synergistic potential of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles with hydrogel scaffolds. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116238. [PMID: 38308965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a disease that severely affects spinal health and is prevalent worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have regenerative potential and have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for treating degenerative discs. However, challenges such as the harsh microenvironment of degenerated intervertebral discs and EVs' limited stability and efficacy have hindered their clinical application. In recent years, hydrogels have attracted much attention in the field of IDD therapy because they can mimic the physiologic microenvironment of the disc and provide a potential solution by providing a suitable growth environment for MSCs and EVs. This review introduced the biological properties of MSCs and their derived EVs, summarized the research on the application of MSCs and EVs in IDD, summarized the current clinical trial studies of MSCs and EVs, and also explored the mechanism of action of MSCs and EVs in intervertebral discs. In addition, plenty of research elaborated on the mechanism of action of different classified hydrogels in tissue engineering, the synergistic effect of MSCs and EVs in promoting intervertebral disc regeneration, and their wide application in treating IDD. Finally, the challenges and problems still faced by hydrogel-loaded MSCs and EVs in the treatment of IDD are summarized, and potential solutions are proposed. This paper outlines the synergistic effects of MSCs and EVs in treating IDD in combination with hydrogels and aims to provide theoretical references for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Huaize Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiuqiu Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyang Wang
- Department of Cell Engineering Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zongyue Hu
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Affiliated Sinopharm Gezhouba Central Hospital, Third Clinical Medical College of Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Jiyue Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiming Mao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zijing Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiangbi Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Youhong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhijun Xin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.
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