Overview of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Therapy

Tailoring biomaterials for vaccine delivery

Biomaterials are substances that can be injected, implanted, or applied to the surface of tissues in biomedical applications and have the ability to interact with biological systems to initiate therapeutic responses. Biomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems possess robust packaging capabilities, enabling sustained and localized drug release at the target site. Throughout the vaccine delivery process, they can contribute to protecting, stabilizing, and guiding the immunogen while also serving as adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the contributions of biomaterials to the advancement of vaccine development. We begin by categorizing biomaterial types and properties, detailing their reprocessing strategies, and exploring several common delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microneedles. Additionally, we investigated how the physicochemical properties and delivery routes of biomaterials influence immune responses. Notably, we delve into the design considerations of biomaterials as vaccine adjuvants, showcasing their application in vaccine development for cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, influenza, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis B. Throughout this review, we highlight successful instances where biomaterials have enhanced vaccine efficacy and discuss the limitations and future directions of biomaterials in vaccine delivery and immunotherapy. This review aims to offer researchers a comprehensive understanding of the application of biomaterials in vaccine development and stimulate further progress in related fields.

Recent advancements in small interfering RNA based therapeutic approach on breast cancer

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common and malignant tumor diagnosed in women, with 2.9 million cases in 2023 and the fifth highest cancer-causing mortality worldwide. Recent developments in targeted therapy options for BC have demonstrated the promising potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based cancer therapeutic approaches. As BC continues to be a global burden, siRNA therapy emerges as a potential treatment strategy to regulate disease-related genes in other types of cancers, including BC. siRNAs are tiny RNA molecules that, by preventing their expression, can specifically silence genes linked to the development of cancer. In order to increase the stability and effectiveness of siRNA delivery to BC cells, minimize off-target effects, and improve treatment efficacy, advanced delivery technologies such as lipid nanoparticles and nanocarriers have been created. Additionally, combination therapies, such as siRNAs that target multiple pathways are used in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy agents, have shown synergistic effects in various preclinical studies, opening up new treatment options for breast cancer that are personalized and precision medicine-oriented. Targeting important genes linked to BC growth, metastasis, and chemo-resistance has been reported in BC research using siRNA-based therapies. This study reviews recent reports on therapeutic approaches to siRNA for advanced treatment of BC. Furthermore, this review evaluates the role and mechanisms of siRNA in BC and demonstrates the potential of exploiting siRNA as a novel target for BC therapy.

Strategies and Recent Advances on Improving Efficient Antitumor of Lenvatinib Based on Nanoparticle Delivery System

Lenvatinib (LVN) is a potentially effective multiple-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treating hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma and thyroid cancer. Nonetheless, poor pharmacokinetic properties including poor water solubility and rapid metabolic, complex tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance have impeded its satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. This article comprehensively reviews the uses of nanotechnology in LVN to improve antitumor effects. With the characteristic of high modifiability and loading capacity of the nano-drug delivery system, an active targeting approach, controllable drug release, and biomimetic strategies have been devised to deliver LVN to target tumors in sequence, compensating for the lack of passive targeting. The existing applications and advances of LVN in improving therapeutic efficacy include improving longer-term efficiency, achieving higher efficiency, combination therapy, tracking and diagnosing application and reducing toxicity. Therefore, using multiple strategies combined with photothermal, photodynamic, and immunoregulatory therapies potentially overcomes multi-drug resistance, regulates unfavorable tumor microenvironment, and yields higher synergistic antitumor effects. In brief, the nano-LVN delivery system has brought light to the war against cancer while at the same time improving the antitumor effect. More intelligent and multifunctional nanoparticles should be investigated and further converted into clinical applications in the future.

The utilization of nanotechnology in the female reproductive system and related disorders

The health of the reproductive system is intricately linked to female fertility and quality of life. There has been a growing prevalence of reproductive system disorders among women, particularly in younger age groups, resulting in significant adverse effects on their reproductive health. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective treatment modalities. Nanotechnology, as an advanced discipline, provides innovative avenues for managing and treating diseases of the female reproductive system by enabling precise manipulation and regulation of biological molecules and cells. By utilizing nanodelivery systems, drugs can be administered with pinpoint accuracy, leading to reduced side effects and improved therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, nanomaterial imaging techniques enhance diagnostic precision and sensitivity, aiding in the assessment of disease severity and progression. Furthermore, the implementation of nanobiosensors facilitates early detection and prevention of ailments. This comprehensive review aims to summarize recent applications of nanotechnology in the treatment of female reproductive system diseases. The latest advancements in drug delivery, diagnosis, and treatment approaches will be discussed, with an emphasis on the potential of nanotechnology to improve treatment outcomes and overall quality of life.

Carrier-Tumor Cell Membrane Interactions for Optimized Delivery of a Promising Drug, 4(RS)-4-F4t-Neuroprostane

Nanomedicines engineered to deliver molecules with therapeutic potentials, overcoming drawbacks such as poor solubility, toxicity or a short half-life, are targeted towards their cellular destination either passively or through various elements of cell membranes. The differences in the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane between tumor and nontumor cells have been reported, but they are not systematically used for drug delivery purposes. Thus, in this study, a new approach based on a match between the liposome compositions, i.e., membrane fluidity, to selectively interact with the targeted cell membrane was used. Lipid-based carriers of two different fluidities were designed and used to deliver 4(RS)-4-F4t-Neuroprostane (F4t-NeuroP), a potential antitumor molecule derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Based on its hydrophobic character, F4t-NeuroP was added to the lipid mixture prior to liposome formation, a protocol that yielded over 80% encapsulation efficiency in both rigid and fluid liposomes. The presence of the active molecule did not modify the liposome size but increased the liposome negative charge and the liposome membrane fluidity, which suggested that the active molecule was accommodated in the lipid membrane. F4t-NeuroP integration in liposomes with a fluid character allowed for the selective targeting of the metastatic prostate cell line PC-3 vs. fibroblast controls. A significant decrease in viability (40%) was observed for the PC-3 cancer line in the presence of F4t-NeuroP fluid liposomes, whereas rigid F4t-NeuroP liposomes did not alter the PC-3 cell viability. These findings demonstrate that liposomes encapsulating F4t-NeuroP or other related molecules may be an interesting model of drug carriers based on membrane fluidity.