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Bedir M, Outwin E, Colnaghi R, Bassett L, Abramowicz I, O'Driscoll M. A novel role for the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Cyclophilin A in DNA-repair following replication fork stalling via the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3432-3455. [PMID: 38943005 PMCID: PMC11315929 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) induces DNA double-strand breaks in LIG4 syndrome fibroblasts, specifically upon transit through S-phase. The basis underlying this has not been described. CsA-induced genomic instability may reflect a direct role of Cyclophilin A (CYPA) in DNA repair. CYPA is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPI). CsA inhibits the PPI activity of CYPA. Using an integrated approach involving CRISPR/Cas9-engineering, siRNA, BioID, co-immunoprecipitation, pathway-specific DNA repair investigations as well as protein expression interaction analysis, we describe novel impacts of CYPA loss and inhibition on DNA repair. We characterise a direct CYPA interaction with the NBS1 component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex, providing evidence that CYPA influences DNA repair at the level of DNA end resection. We define a set of genetic vulnerabilities associated with CYPA loss and inhibition, identifying DNA replication fork protection as an important determinant of viability. We explore examples of how CYPA inhibition may be exploited to selectively kill cancers sharing characteristic genomic instability profiles, including MYCN-driven Neuroblastoma, Multiple Myeloma and Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia. These findings propose a repurposing strategy for Cyclophilin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Bedir
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Emily Outwin
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Rita Colnaghi
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Lydia Bassett
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Iga Abramowicz
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK.
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Stauffer WT, Goodman AZ, Gallay PA. Cyclophilin inhibition as a strategy for the treatment of human disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1417945. [PMID: 39045055 PMCID: PMC11264201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1417945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps), characterized as peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases), are highly conserved and ubiquitous, playing a crucial role in protein folding and cellular signaling. This review summarizes the biochemical pathways mediated by Cyps, including their involvement in pathological states such as viral replication, inflammation, and cancer progression, to underscore the therapeutic potential of Cyp inhibition. The exploration of Cyp inhibitors (CypI) in this review, particularly non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A (CsA) derivatives, highlights their significance as therapeutic agents. The structural and functional nuances of CsA derivatives are examined, including their efficacy, mechanism of action, and the balance between therapeutic benefits and off-target effects. The landscape of CypI is evaluated to emphasize the clinical need for targeted approaches to exploit the complex biology of Cyps and to propose future directions for research that may enhance the utility of non-immunosuppressive CsA derivatives in treating diseases where Cyps play a key pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe A. Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Remenchik E, Mayo PR, Hobbs TM, Greytok JA, Foster EP, Zhao C, Ure D, Trepanier DJ, Foster RT. Effect of a High-Fat Meal on Single-Dose Rencofilstat (CRV431) Oral Bioavailability in Healthy Human Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:287-293. [PMID: 36251165 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rencofilstat (RCF) is a novel cyclophilin inhibitor under development for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This phase 1, randomized, open-label study in healthy participants assessed the relative bioavailability of a single dose of RCF 225-mg soft gelatin capsules in both fasted and high-fat conditions. Forty-four participants were enrolled to either the fasted (n = 24) or the high-fat fed (n = 20) arm. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetics were evaluated following a single 225-mg oral dose. Administration of RCF with a high-fat meal led to increases in maximum concentration, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to 24 hours, and AUC from time 0 to infinity fed-to-fasted geometric mean ratios of 102.2%, 114.5%, and 132.9%, respectively. All AUC geometric mean ratios were outside of the 80% to 125% range, suggesting that a high-fat meal can increase the extent of RCF exposure. Time to maximum concentration increased from 1.5 to 1.8 hours in the fasted and high-fat groups, respectively, suggesting slightly delayed absorption. High fat intake may delay gastric emptying while increasing the absorption and bioavailability of RCF. No treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in the fasted group, and 1 treatment-emergent adverse event occurred in the high-fat meal group. The differences in observed whole-blood concentrations are unlikely to have clinically relevant effects given the wide therapeutic index of RCF demonstrated in previous phase 1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daren Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, USA
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Cheng Z, Lin P, Cheng N. HBV/HIV Coinfection: Impact on the Development and Clinical Treatment of Liver Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713981. [PMID: 34676223 PMCID: PMC8524435 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common contributor to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Approximately 10% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) also have chronic HBV co-infection, owing to shared transmission routes. HIV/HBV coinfection accelerates the progression of chronic HBV to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, or hepatocellular carcinoma compared to chronic HBV mono-infection. HBV/HIV coinfection alters the natural history of hepatitis B and renders the antiviral treatment more complex. In this report, we conducted a critical review on the epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenesis of liver diseases related to HBV/HIV coinfection. We summarized the novel therapeutic options for these coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Cheng
- Department of Bile Duct Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Panpan Lin
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nansheng Cheng
- Department of Bile Duct Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bassit L, Ono SK, Schinazi RF. Moving Fast Toward Hepatitis B Virus Elimination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1322:115-138. [PMID: 34258739 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are two safe and effective therapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis B treatment, namely, nucleoside analogs and interferon alpha (pegylated or non-pegylated). These treatments can control viral replication and improve survival; however, they do not eliminate the virus and therefore require long-term continued therapy. In addition, there are significant concerns about virus rebound on discontinuation of therapy and the development of fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma despite therapy. Therefore, the search for new, more effective, and safer antiviral agents that can cure hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues. Anti-HBV drug discovery and development is fundamentally impacted by our current understanding of HBV replication, disease physiopathology, and persistence of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Several HBV replication targets are the basis for novel anti-HBV drug development strategies. Many of them are already in clinical trial phase 1 or 2, while others with promising results are still in preclinical stages. As research intensifies, potential HBV curative therapies and modalities in the pipeline are now on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suzane Kioko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Sun S, Yang Q, Sheng Y, Fu Y, Sun C, Deng C. Investigational drugs with dual activity against HBV and HIV (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:35. [PMID: 33262821 PMCID: PMC7690342 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are global public health problems that pose a significant health burden. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection is common, as these viruses have similar transmission routes, such as blood transmission, sexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission. Coinfection frequently leads to accelerated disease progression. For individuals coinfected with HIV/HBV, combination antiretroviral therapy containing dual anti-HBV drugs is recommended. Certain studies have also indicated the benefits of antiretroviral drugs with anti-HBV activity in patients with coinfection. A total of four Food and Drug Administration-approved HIV drugs also have anti-HBV activity; namely, emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide, which are all nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. However, various issues, including drug resistance and side effects, limit their application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more drugs with dual activity against HBV and HIV. The present review outlines the mechanisms, safety and efficacy of certain drugs that have been investigated for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yunjian Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Changfeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Cunliang Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Tuberculosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China.,Department of Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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7
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Mitra B, Thapa RJ, Guo H, Block TM. Host functions used by hepatitis B virus to complete its life cycle: Implications for developing host-targeting agents to treat chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral Res 2018; 158:185-198. [PMID: 30145242 PMCID: PMC6193490 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other mammalian viruses, the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is heavily dependent upon and regulated by cellular (host) functions. These cellular functions can be generally placed in to two categories: (a) intrinsic host restriction factors and innate defenses, which must be evaded or repressed by the virus; and (b) gene products that provide functions necessary for the virus to complete its life cycle. Some of these functions may apply to all viruses, but some may be specific to HBV. In certain cases, the virus may depend upon the host function much more than does the host itself. Knowing which host functions regulate the different steps of a virus' life cycle, can lead to new antiviral targets and help in developing novel treatment strategies, in addition to improving a fundamental understanding of viral pathogenesis. Therefore, in this review we will discuss known host factors which influence key steps of HBV life cycle, and further elucidate therapeutic interventions targeting host-HBV interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Mitra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Davies NM, Wasan KM. Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism in Canada: The Current Landscape-A Summary of This Indispensable Special Issue. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010013. [PMID: 29337865 PMCID: PMC5874826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canadian Pharmaceutical Scientists have a rich history of groundbreaking research in pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism undertaken primarily throughout its Pharmacy Faculties and within the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology industry.[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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