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Al-Arkee S, Mason J, Haque MS, Alshehri A, Jalal Z. Pharmacist management of atrial fibrillation in UK primary care: a cross-sectional study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2321592. [PMID: 38516391 PMCID: PMC10956929 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2321592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial Fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke by a factor of five, leading a significant cost burdens on healthcare system. Pharmacists, especially those based in a primary care environment are well placed to support patients in this therapeutic area. Objectives To assess primary care pharmacists' actual knowledge on the management of AF symptoms and anticoagulation. Furthermore, to investigate the resources used by pharmacists. Methods A cross-sectional study using survey was conducted, targeting UK-based registered pharmacists employed within primary care settings. Quantitative data were analysed utilising descriptive univariate and bivariate statistics. Results 349 pharmacists completed the adapted 19-questions of the pharmacists' knowledge. Out of a maximum of 19 points, the mean score was 14.34 ± 2.2 (75 ± 11.6%). The questionnaire revealed several significant gaps in pharmacists' knowledge. Most of the surveyed pharmacists (62.8%) reported that they used sources of information to support their consultations. Half reported that they used the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance (52.4%) and the British National Formulary (BNF) (50.7%). Conclusions Primary care pharmacists are knowledgeable about AF and its management; however, some gaps exist which may require addressing. Although pharmacists use a variety of information resources, it is the traditional resources that remain the most frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Al-Arkee
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Mason
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M. Sayeed Haque
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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An exploratory study of outpatient medication knowledge and satisfaction with medication counselling at selected hospital pharmacies in Northwestern Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266723. [PMID: 35395046 PMCID: PMC8992974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medication counselling is an important activity that improves patient therapeutic outcomes. After this activity has been carried out, patients should be satisfied with counselling, and possess adequate knowledge about their medications. Objectives To describe outpatient/caregiver medication knowledge and satisfaction with medication counselling at the main outpatient pharmacies of eight public secondary and tertiary hospitals located in two states in Northwestern Nigeria. Methods Exit interviews were conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 with randomly sampled patients/caregivers who had just been dispensed one or more prescription medications from the main pharmacies of the hospitals. The questionnaire used contained 31 questions in three sections. The first section collected demographic information. The second section assessed respondents’ experiences and overall satisfaction with the counselling they had received. The last section evaluated respondents’ knowledge of one randomly selected prescription medication that had been dispensed to them. Data collected were coded and analyzed to generate descriptive statistics. To explore associations between respondent characteristics and overall satisfaction, non-parametric tests were used, and statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results A total of 684 patients/caregivers were interviewed. Majority of respondents agreed that the time spent (97.1%) and quantity of information (99.1%) provided during counselling was adequate. However, over 60% of them also agreed that dispensers did not assess their understanding of information provided or invite them to ask questions. Despite this, their average overall satisfaction with counselling on a 10-point scale was 8.6 ± 1.6. Over 90% of them also correctly identified the routes and frequency of administration of the prescribed medication selected for the knowledge assessment. Although, more than 60% of respondents did not know the duration of therapy or names of these medications. Conclusion Respondents’ satisfaction with medication counselling was fairly high even though they did not seem to know much about their medication.
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Pharmacist-Facilitated Interactive E-Learning for Patients Newly Initiated on Warfarin: A Randomised Controlled Study. PHARMACY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:pharmacy10010003. [PMID: 35076593 PMCID: PMC8788505 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is not known whether electronic-learning (e-learning) is effective for educating hospital inpatients about complex medications such as warfarin. This prospective randomised controlled study compared pharmacist-facilitated e-learning with standard pharmacist-delivered face-to-face education on patients’ or their unpaid carers’ knowledge of warfarin and satisfaction with warfarin education as well as the time that was spent by pharmacists in delivering warfarin education. Adult English-speaking patients (or their carers) who had been prescribed warfarin were randomised to receive standard pharmacist face-to-face education (control) or an e-learning module on a tablet device facilitated by a pharmacist (intervention). All of the participants received written warfarin information and were presented with the opportunity to ask any questions that they may have had to a pharmacist. Fifty-four participants completed the study (27 per group). The participants who received e-learning had median correct Oral Anticoagulation Knowledge (OAK) test scores of 85% compared to 80% for standard education (p = 0.14). The participants in both groups were satisfied with the information that they received. There was a trend towards pharmacists spending less time on warfarin education for the e-learning group than in the standard education group (25.5 vs. 33 min, respectively, p = 0.05). Education delivered via pharmacist-facilitated e-learning was non-inferior in terms of patient or carer warfarin knowledge compared to standard pharmacist-delivered education.
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Richardson CL, Chapman S, White S. Experiencing a virtual patient to practice patient counselling skills. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:1593-1601. [PMID: 34895668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Virtual patients (VPs) are a safe and standardised method of simulating clinical environments but few studies have explored health care professional's experiences of learning via a VP. This study explored how users experienced and used a VP that aimed to teach the user to deliver non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant patient education. METHODS The study used semi-structured interviews with pharmacists and pre-registration trainees from a wider research study. Interview topics were based on key areas concerning VP use. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before being analysed using the framework approach to thematic analysis. Ethical approval was granted by Keele University. RESULTS There was variation in the type and nature of use of the VP and in the reported learning, which included reinforcement of knowledge, an opportunity to promote reflection, and acquisition and application of knowledge to clinical, patient-facing interactions. The VP was seen as an adjunct to other education and training. The majority of users indicated that they used the VP more than once. Some users seemed to have gamified their learning with a drive to achieve perfect feedback rather than true engagement with the learning, whereas for others the learning appeared to be deep with a reflective focus. CONCLUSIONS The VP offered an educational use as experiential learning, although the users experienced the VP differently; commonly the VP facilitated learning via reinforcement of pre-existing knowledge. The users reported that the VP had value as an adjunct to other education and training resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Chapman
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Simon White
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Mohamed AA, Alnewais ME, Ibrahim YA, Zaitoun MF. Pharmacists' warfarin therapy knowledge and counseling practices in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:289-294. [PMID: 33100789 PMCID: PMC7574750 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_233_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: For several decades, warfarin has been considered the mainstay anticoagulant for patients who require long-term prevention or treatment of thromboembolic disorders in outpatient settings. Hospital and community pharmacists––with adequate knowledge level and counseling skills––can play a significant role in improving warfarin therapy. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the hospital and community pharmacists’ warfarin therapy knowledge and counseling practices in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months. A self-administered questionnaire was designed focusing on warfarin mechanism of action, indications, safety profile, management of toxicity, monitoring, drug/food interactions, and patient education. The questionnaire was distributed among a random sample of hospital and community pharmacists in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Results: One hundred and fifty-three pharmacists participated in the study; ninety-seven of them were hospital-based (63.4%), whereas the remaining were community pharmacists. Participant’s mean years’ of experience was 5.67. In terms of the percentage of right answers, hospital pharmacists showed significantly better warfarin therapy knowledge than community pharmacists (P = 0.026). The percentages of right answers were 31.3% for drug/food interactions, 49.9% for safety profile/management of toxicity, 53.3% for patient education, and 58.2% for monitoring warfarin safety/efficacy. Neither the participants’ educational level nor their duration of experience had a significant correlation with the percentage of right answers (P = 0.22 and 0.61) Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practices were encountered among study participants, especially community pharmacists. Therefore, specialized training of pharmacists about warfarin therapy management is essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and prevent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwah E Alnewais
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad F Zaitoun
- Department of Pharmacy, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Fitzgerald P, Stancampiano F, Kurklinsky A, Nikpour N, McLeod E, Li Z, Oken K, Valery J. Warfarin therapy in atrial fibrillation: assessment of patient knowledge of risks and benefits. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2020; 10:179-187. [PMID: 32850062 PMCID: PMC7426993 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1767270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with atrial fibrillation are at an increased risk for stroke, and many benefits from anticoagulation. Despite the emergence of direct oral anticoagulants, many patients continue to rely on warfarin for their anticoagulation due to logistical, pharmacokinetic, clinical, or patient preference issues. Previous work has suggested that outcomes of warfarin therapy are related to patient education/knowledge. We assessed knowledge of indications, benefits, and complications of warfarin therapy in 99 randomly selected patients enrolled in the Warfarin Anticoagulation Clinic at the Mayo Clinic in Florida who were taking warfarin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Patients were labeled as 'knowledgeable' or 'not knowledgeable' regarding warfarin therapy according to the results of a cross-sectional questionnaire. The majority of patients in both the knowledgeable and not knowledgeable groups displayed understanding that they were taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation (valvular vs non-valvular atrial fibrillation was not an included answer choice). However, there was a clear lack of knowledge amongst patients with atrial fibrillation in both groups about their stroke risk while on and off warfarin, and their risk of major bleeding or adverse events related to their warfarin therapy. There was only a significant difference between the two groups regarding their knowledge of what increases or decreases the risk of bleeding while on warfarin. There was no major difference between the groups with regards to demographic and medical characteristics, except that 'not knowledgeable' patients tended to have more peripheral vascular disease, ulcer disease, and moderate-severe renal disease compared to 'knowledgeable' patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - F Stancampiano
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - A Kurklinsky
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - N Nikpour
- Clinical Research Internship Study Program, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - E McLeod
- Clinical Research Internship Study Program, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Z Li
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - K Oken
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - J Valery
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Hasan SS, Sunter W, Ahmed N, Royle-Pryor A, Brkic A, Ahmed R, Afzal S, Babar ZUD. A comparison of warfarin monitoring service models. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 15:1236-1242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yiu A, Bajorek B. Patient-focused interventions to support vulnerable people using oral anticoagulants: a narrative review. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2019; 10:2042098619847423. [PMID: 31205676 PMCID: PMC6535713 DOI: 10.1177/2042098619847423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to identify patient-focused interventions that have been trialed to support vulnerable patient populations taking oral anticoagulants (warfarin and the direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs)) such as older persons (65 years and over), those with limited health literacy, and those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. This review also aimed to report on the effects of these interventions on outcomes relevant to the use of anticoagulant therapy. Original articles published between 1 January 1995 and 30 June 2017 were identified using several electronic databases such as Medline, Ovid, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The following terms were used for the three-tiered search: Tier 1, elderly, aged, older adult, geriatrics; Tier 2, health literacy, literacy, low health literacy, low English proficiency, patient literacy; and Tier 3, ethnicity, ethnic, ethnic groups, CALD, culturally and linguistically diverse, NESB, non-English speaking background, race, racial groups, religion, religious groups, and minority groups. The terms for each tier were combined with the following terms: anticoagulants, anticoagulation, warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, DOACS, new oral anticoagulants, novel oral anticoagulants, patient care, patient knowledge, comprehension, patient education, patient participation, and communication. A total of 41 studies were identified. Most of the interventions identified included older persons taking warfarin who were monitored using the international normalized ratio (INR) and who received patient education. Many interventions reported a significant positive impact on patients' knowledge, reduction in the number of adverse events caused by hemorrhage, and better INR control. More research on patient-focused interventions is needed that includes patients with limited health literacy, those from CALD backgrounds, and family members and caregivers of patients taking oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yiu
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University Technology of Sydney, Level 4, Building 7, 67 Thomas Street, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Beata Bajorek
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney and Pharmacy Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia
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Choumane NS, Malaeb DN, Malaeb B, Hallit S. A multicenter, prospective study evaluating the impact of the clinical pharmacist-physician counselling on warfarin therapy management in Lebanon. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 29391010 PMCID: PMC5796596 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health care professionals (HCP) are known key elements of effective patient’s counselling and education. For patients taking warfarin, education about the dose, side effects, and toxicity is clearly identified as a cornerstone of achieving improved health and quality of life. The study objective was to evaluate the patients’ knowledge about warfarin and assess the impact of the health care professionals’ counselling in enhancing patients’ knowledge in achieving warfarin therapeutic outcomes. Method A six-month prospective multicentered study was conducted in three hospitals, enrolling 300 patients admitted to the cardiac care unit and internal medicine departments. Patients’ warfarin knowledge and INR levels were assessed before and after the clinical pharmacist counselling. The main therapeutic outcome was the impact of the clinical pharmacist-physician counselling on improving patient’s education and achieving therapeutic INR level. Results A higher mean knowledge about warfarin score was found after counselling as compared to before counselling (4.82 vs 13.2; p < 0.001). Likewise, the drug dose (1.05 vs 1.88), drug toxicity (0.41 vs 1.92), drug-drug and food-drug interactions (0.02 vs 1.89), therapeutic INR and general drug knowledge scores (2.66 vs 4.68) were significantly higher after as compared to before counselling (p < 0.001 for all variables). The percentages of patients who achieved therapeutic INR levels pre/post counselling was 37.2% and 74.4% respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the study findings, HCP play a major role in enhancing patients’ knowledge about the factors that affect warfarin therapeutic outcomes. This study highlights the need to establish and develop strategies for appropriate warfarin utilization in Lebanon. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-2874-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana N Malaeb
- Lebanese International University, School of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Bassem Malaeb
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Saint-Joseph University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Holy Spirit University, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon. .,Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Research Department, P.O. Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. .,Occupational Health Environment Research Team, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm - Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. .,, Biakout, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Papastergiou J, Kheir N, Ladova K, Rydant S, De Rango F, Antoniou S, Viola R, Murillo MD, Steurbaut S, da Costa FA. Pharmacists' confidence when providing pharmaceutical care on anticoagulants, a multinational survey. Int J Clin Pharm 2017; 39:1282-1290. [PMID: 29139019 PMCID: PMC5694509 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-017-0551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Guidelines on the management of orally anticoagulated patients are continuously evolving, leading to an increased need for pharmacists to be fully integrated in care provision. Objective To identify self-reported gaps in confidence among practicing pharmacists in the area of anticoagulation. Setting Pharmacists in different work settings in different countries. Method Cross-sectional international survey from October 2015 till November 2016 among pharmacists working in different settings to assess their level of confidence when delivering anticoagulants as well as to identify possible educational needs regarding this medication class. Validation of the survey was ensured. Results Responses from 4212 pharmacists originating from 18 countries were obtained. Pharmacists' level of confidence was significantly higher (p < 0.001) when advising patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) versus non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs). In general, hospital pharmacists displayed higher confidence levels compared to community pharmacists when advising patients on anticoagulation (p < 0.001). Two distinct patterns of confidence levels emerged relating to basic and advanced pharmaceutical care. Confidence levels when providing advanced pharmaceutical care were significantly higher for Oceania and lower for South America (p < 0.005). Conclusions Pharmacists felt more confident in supporting patients receiving VKAs compared to the more recently introduced NOACs. With the increasing use of NOACs and the risks pertaining to anticoagulation therapy, it is essential to invest in education for pharmacists to address their knowledge gaps enabling them to confidently support patients receiving oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Papastergiou
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4J 1L2, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 755 Danforth Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4J 1L2, Canada
| | - Nadir Kheir
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katerina Ladova
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Silas Rydant
- Pharmaceutical Care Division (Meduca), Royal Pharmacists Association of Antwerp (KAVA), Lange Leemstraat 187, 2018, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Fabio De Rango
- Shoppers Drug Mart 1271, 2501 Third Line, Oakville, ON, L6M 5A9, Canada
| | - Sotiris Antoniou
- Barts Health Centre; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
- UCL Partners, London, UK
| | - Reka Viola
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szikrautca 8, Szeged, 6724, Hungary
| | - Maria Dolores Murillo
- Farmacia Fernández Vega C.B., C/Par nº 26 Urbanización Club de Golf. Alcalá de Guadaira, Sevilla, 41500, Spain
| | - Stephane Steurbaut
- Research Group Clinical Pharmacology& Clinical Pharmacy (KFAR), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filipa Alves da Costa
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-551, Caparica, Portugal.
- Portuguese Pharmaceutical Society (PPS), Rua da Sociedade Farmacêutica, 18, 1169-075, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Impact of Pharmacist Counselling on Clozapine Knowledge. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2017; 2017:6120970. [PMID: 28695011 PMCID: PMC5485348 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6120970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is the only antipsychotic with evidence for efficacy in treatment of resistant schizophrenia but it carries a high side effect burden. Patient information is provided but may be poorly retained. This study aims to examine the impact of pharmacist counselling upon patient knowledge of clozapine. Outpatients, aged 18 years and over, attending St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, participated in this study between June and August 2015. The intervention consisted of pharmacist counselling on two occasions one month apart. Knowledge was assessed using a 28-point checklist devised from the currently available clozapine patient information sources, at baseline and after each counselling session. Ethics approval was obtained. Twenty-five participants (40% female; mean age 45.1 years, SD 9.82; 64% unemployed, 28% smokers) showed an improvement in knowledge scores of clozapine from baseline to postcounselling on each occasion with an overall improvement in knowledge score, from baseline to postcounselling at one month, of 39.43%; p < 0.001. This study adds to the evidence that interventions involving pharmacist counselling can improve patient knowledge, whilst the specific knowledge gained relating to recognition of side effects may help patients towards more empowerment regarding their treatment.
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Palumbo R, Annarumma C. Empowering organizations to empower patients: An organizational health literacy approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2016.1253254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, 84084, Via Giovanni Paolo II, nr. 132, Fisciano, Sa, Italy
| | - Carmela Annarumma
- Department of Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno, 84084, Via Giovanni Paolo II, nr. 132, Fisciano, Sa, Italy
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