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Ho JL, Roberts J, Payne GH, Holzum DN, Wilkoff H, Tran T, Cobb CD, Moore TD, Lee KC. Systematic literature review of the impact of psychiatric pharmacists. Ment Health Clin 2024; 14:33-67. [PMID: 38312443 PMCID: PMC10836561 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pharmacists focusing on psychotropic medication management and practicing across a wide variety of healthcare settings have significantly improved patient-level outcomes. The Systematic Literature Review Committee of the American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists was tasked with compiling a comprehensive database of primary literature highlighting the impact of psychiatric pharmacists on patient-level outcomes. Methods A systematic search of literature published from January 1, 1961, to December 31, 2022, was conducted using PubMed and search terms based on a prior American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists literature review. Publications describing patient-level outcome results associated with pharmacist provision of care in psychiatric/neurologic settings and/or in relation to psychotropic medications were included. The search excluded articles for which there was no pharmacist intervention, no psychiatric disorder treatment, no clinical outcomes, no original research, no access to full text, and/or no English-language version. Results A total of 4270 articles were reviewed via PubMed, with 4072 articles excluded based on title, abstract, and/or full text in the initial pass and 208 articles selected for inclusion. A secondary full-text review excluded 11 additional articles, and 5 excluded articles were ultimately included based on a secondary review, for a final total of 202 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. A comprehensive database of these articles was compiled, including details on their study designs and outcomes. Discussion The articles included in the final database had a wide range of heterogeneity. While the overall impact of psychiatric pharmacists was positive, the study variability highlights the need for future publications to have more consistent, standardized outcomes with stronger study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Ho
- Clinical Pharmacist, St. Peter Regional Treatment Center, St. Peter, Minnesota
- Director of Strategic Initiatives, American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists, Lincoln, Nebraska
- Pain Management/Substance Use Disorder Clinical Pharmacy Practitioner, VISN 20 Clinical Resource Hub, Boise, Idaho
- Clinical Pharmacy Specialist- Behavioral Health, Adventist HealthCare Shady Grove Medical Center, Rockville, Maryland
- Medical Science Liaison, Medical Affairs, Braeuburn, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania; Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
- Founder and Consultant, Capita Consulting, Billings, Montana
- National Program Manager, Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Practice Integration and Model Advancement Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM), Colorado
- Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | - Jenna Roberts
- Clinical Pharmacist, St. Peter Regional Treatment Center, St. Peter, Minnesota
| | - Gregory H Payne
- Director of Strategic Initiatives, American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Dorothy N Holzum
- Pain Management/Substance Use Disorder Clinical Pharmacy Practitioner, VISN 20 Clinical Resource Hub, Boise, Idaho
| | - Hannah Wilkoff
- Clinical Pharmacy Specialist- Behavioral Health, Adventist HealthCare Shady Grove Medical Center, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Tran Tran
- Medical Science Liaison, Medical Affairs, Braeuburn, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania; Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois
| | - Carla D Cobb
- Founder and Consultant, Capita Consulting, Billings, Montana
| | - Tera D Moore
- National Program Manager, Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Practice Integration and Model Advancement Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM), Colorado
| | - Kelly C Lee
- Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, California
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Masse M, Henry H, Cuvelier E, Pinçon C, Pavy M, Beeuwsaert A, Barthélémy C, Cuny D, Gautier S, Kambia N, Lefebvre JM, Mascaut D, Mitoumba F, Puisieux F, Standaert A, Wierre P, Beuscart JB, Roche J, Décaudin B. Sleep Medication in Older Adults: Identifying the Need for Support by a Community Pharmacist. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010147. [PMID: 35052310 PMCID: PMC8775744 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many older adults take benzodiazepines and sedative-hypnotics for the treatment of sleep disorders. With a view to considering the possible discontinuation of hypnotics, the objectives of the present study were to describe bedtime habits and sleep patterns in older adults and to identify the sleep medications taken. An expert group developed a structured interview guide for assessing the patients’ bedtime habits, sleep patterns, and medications. During an internship in a community pharmacy, 103 sixth-year pharmacy students conducted around 10 interviews each with older adults (aged 65 or over) complaining of sleep disorders and taking at least one of the following medications: benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine derivatives (“Z-drugs”), antihistamines, and melatonin. A prospective, observational study was carried out from 4 January to 30 June 2016. The pharmacy students performed 960 interviews (with 330 men and 630 women; mean ± standard deviation age: 75.1 ± 8.8). The most commonly taken hypnotics were the Z-drugs zolpidem (n = 465, 48%) and zopiclone (n = 259, 27%). The vast majority of patients (n = 768, 80%) had only ever taken a single hypnotic medication. The median [interquartile range] prescription duration was 120 (48–180) months. About 75% (n = 696) of the patients had at least 1 poor sleep habit, and over 41% (n = 374) had 2 or more poor sleep habits. A total of 742 of the patients (77%) reported getting up at night—mainly due to nycturia (n = 481, 51%). Further, 330 of the patients (35%) stated that they were keen to discontinue their medication, of which 96 (29%) authorized the pharmacist to contact their family physician and discuss discontinuation. In France, pharmacy students and supervising community pharmacists can identify problems related to sleep disorders by asking simple questions about the patient’s sleep patterns. Together with family physicians, community pharmacists can encourage patients to discuss their hypnotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Masse
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Héloïse Henry
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Elodie Cuvelier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Claire Pinçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR2694-METRICS, Evaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.P.); (J.-B.B.)
| | - Margot Pavy
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Audrey Beeuwsaert
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Christine Barthélémy
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Damien Cuny
- Univ. Lille, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Sophie Gautier
- Inserm, UMR-S1172, Center for Pharmacovigilance, CHU de Lille, University Lille, F-59037 Lille, France;
| | - Nicolas Kambia
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Jean-Marc Lefebvre
- Department of General Practice, University of Lille, F-50045 Lille, France;
| | - Daniel Mascaut
- Association des Conseillers et des Pharmaciens Agréés Maîtres de Stage du Nord—Pas-de-Calais, 21 Rue du Pont-Neuf, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Fabrice Mitoumba
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
| | - François Puisieux
- Hôpital Gériatrique Les Bateliers, Pôle de Gérontologie, CHRU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Annie Standaert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Patrick Wierre
- Association des Conseillers et des Pharmaciens Agréés Maîtres de Stage du Nord—Pas-de-Calais, 21 Rue du Pont-Neuf, F-59000 Lille, France; (D.M.); (P.W.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Beuscart
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR2694-METRICS, Evaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.P.); (J.-B.B.)
| | - Jean Roche
- CHU de Lille, Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de Gérontologie, F-59037 Lille, France;
| | - Bertrand Décaudin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA—Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France; (H.H.); (E.C.); (C.B.); (N.K.); (F.M.); (B.D.)
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Bingham JM, Stanislaw J, Warholak T, Scovis N, Axon DR, Turgeon J, Marupuru S. Assessment of Glycosylated Hemoglobin Outcomes Following an Enhanced Medication Therapy Management Service via Telehealth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126560. [PMID: 34207164 PMCID: PMC8296452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Regular contact with a medication therapy management (MTM) pharmacist is shown to improve patients’ understanding of their condition; however, continued demonstration of the value of a pharmacist delivered comprehensive medication review (CMR) using enhanced MTM services via telehealth is needed. The study aimed to describe a pilot program designed to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management through enhanced condition specific MTM services. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included patients with T2DM aged 40–75 years who received a pharmacist-delivered CMR between January and December 2018. An evaluation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values 3 months pre- and post-CMR was performed. Wilcoxon signed-rank and chi-square tests were used. (3) Results: Of 444 eligible patients, a majority were female (58%) with a median age of 70 years. Median HbA1c values post-CMR were lower than pre-CMR (median 7.1% range 4.5–13.6; median 7.4% range 4.5–13.9, respectively; p = 0.009). There were fewer participants with HbA1c >9% post-CMR (n = 66) than pre-CMR (n = 80; p < 0.001) and more with HbA1C <6.5% post-CMR (n = 151) than pre-CMR (n = 130; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: This program evaluation highlighted the value of an enhanced condition specific MTM service via telehealth. Patients had improved HbA1c values three months after receiving a single pharmacist delivered CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Bingham
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Tucson, AZ 85701, USA;
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.S.); (T.W.); (D.R.A.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-520-955-8587
| | - Jennifer Stanislaw
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.S.); (T.W.); (D.R.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Terri Warholak
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.S.); (T.W.); (D.R.A.); (S.M.)
| | | | - David R. Axon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.S.); (T.W.); (D.R.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Jacques Turgeon
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Srujitha Marupuru
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (J.S.); (T.W.); (D.R.A.); (S.M.)
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