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Liu B, Cheng J, Zhao M, Yao J, Liu X, Chen S, Shi L, Tsai DP, Geng Z, Chen MK. Metalenses phase characterization by multi-distance phase retrieval. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 39107267 PMCID: PMC11303724 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Metalens, characterized by their unique functions and distinctive physical properties, have gained significant attention for their potential applications. To further optimize the performance of metalens, it is necessary to characterize the phase modulation of the metalens. In this study, we present a multi-distance phase retrieval system based on optical field scanning and discuss its convergence and robustness. Our findings indicate that the system is capable of retrieving the phase distribution of the metalens as long as the measurement noise is low and the total length of the scanned light field is sufficiently long. This system enables the analysis of focal length and aberration by utilizing the computed phase distribution. We extend our investigation to measure the phase distribution of the metalens operating in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum and identify the impact of defects in the sample on the phase. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of the phase distribution of the metalens in air and ethanol and observe the variations in the phase modulation of the metalens in different working mediums. Our system provides a straightforward method for the phase characterization of metalens, aiding in optimizing the metalens design and functionality.
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Grants
- 9610628 City University of Hong Kong (CityU)
- 9380131 and 7005867 City University of Hong Kong (CityU)
- CityU11300123 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- CityU11310522 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- C1015-21E; C5031-22G Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- AoE/P-502/20 Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- CityU15303521; CityU11305223; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (RGC, UGC)
- 62305184 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- No. 12221004, No. 12234007 and No. 12321161645 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 62375232 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012932) Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (WDZC20220818100259004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialuo Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maoxiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaohu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, 200438, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 201315, Shanghai, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Institute of Data and Information, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518071, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Li X, Liu K, Liu Z, Guo J. High-precision phase retrieval method for speckle suppression based on optimized modulation masks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18824-18839. [PMID: 37381313 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods of coherent diffraction imaging using random masks result in an insufficient difference between the diffraction patterns, making it challenging to form a strong amplitude constraint, causing significant speckle noise in the measurement results. Hence, this study proposes an optimized mask design method combining random and Fresnel masks. Increasing the difference between diffraction intensity patterns enhances the amplitude constraint, suppresses the speckle noise effectively, and improves the phase recovery accuracy. The numerical distribution of the modulation masks is optimized by adjusting the combination ratio of the two mask modes. The simulation and physical experiments show that the reconstruction results of PSNR and SSIM using the proposed method are higher than those using random masks, and the speckle noises are effectively reduced.
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Xu C, Pang H, Cao A, Deng Q, Yang H. Phase retrieval by random binary amplitude modulation and ptychography principle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:14505-14517. [PMID: 35473191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An improved binary amplitude modulation-based phase retrieval method studied by means of simulations and experiments is presented in this paper. The idea of ptychography is introduced for the purpose of designing random binary amplitude masks. The masks have the features that part of the light transmission regions is overlapped with each other and the overlapping positions are randomly distributed. The requirement for the consistency of light field in overlapping regions forms a strong constraint which is similar to the overlap constraint in ptychography. The constraint makes the iterative algorithm have high convergence accuracy in comparison to that of the original binary amplitude modulation method. Influences of amounts and overlap ratio of the modulation mask on reconstruction accuracy and speed of imaging process are analyzed. The comparison between our method and the original binary amplitude modulation method is performed in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Enhanced Single-Beam Multiple-Intensity Phase Retrieval Using Holographic Illumination. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-beam multiple-intensity iterative phase retrieval is a high-precision and lens-free computational imaging method, which reconstructs the complex-valued distribution of the object from a volume of axially captured diffraction intensities using the post-processing algorithm. However, for the object with slowly-varying waves, the method may encounter the problem of convergence stagnation since the lack of diversity between the captured intensity patterns. In this paper, a novel technique to enhance phase retrieval using holographic illumination is proposed. One special computer-generated hologram is designed, which can generate multiple significantly different images at the required distances. The incident plane wave is firstly modulated by the hologram, and then the exit wave is used to illuminate the object. Benefitting from this holographic illumination, remarkable intensity changes in the given detector planes can be produced, which is conducive to fast and high-accuracy reconstruction. Simulation and optical experiments are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
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