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Cheng TH, Yang W, Liu Z, Feng HY, Qin J, Ma Y, Li S, Bi L, Luo F. Enhanced Faraday rotation by a Fano resonance in substrate-free three-dimensional magnetoplasmonic structures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15583-15589. [PMID: 37697961 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional magnetoplasmonic nanostructures possess more novel and richer optical and magneto-optical (MO) behaviors compared with planar nanostructures, and exhibit attractive potential applications in micro-nano non-reciprocal photonic devices. However, fabrication of three-dimensional magnetoplasmonic nanostructures is difficult using the usual nanofabrication methods. This work constructs three-dimensional substrate-free Au/Co/Au structures prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) technology. In the three-dimensional split-ring structure, with y-polarized light normal incidence, a three-dimensional coupling current is formed between the vertical split-ring and the bottom square hole, which causes excitation of the Fano resonance. The Fano resonance causes a significant enhancement of the local magnetic field, resulting in a larger Faraday rotation (FR). The resonance also brings about a sign reversal of FR, which is related to the direction of the Lorentz force on electrons. Similar effects also exist in the three-dimensional nanopillar structure and the three-dimensional nanoring structure in the simulation results. Due to the high flexibility of FIB machining, the height and shape of the three-dimensional split-ring can be arbitrarily changed, which means the FR intensity and the position of the FR null point are tunable. The designed three-dimensional structures provide a new route to regulate the Faraday effect, and broaden the possibilities for the design and construction of MO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Huai Cheng
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Weihao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Zhaochao Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hua Yu Feng
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yifei Ma
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Shicheng Li
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Lei Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Feng Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Metal-Insulator-Metal Bus Waveguide Coupled with a U-Shaped Ring Resonator. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050750. [PMID: 35630217 PMCID: PMC9144545 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel refractive index sensor structure was designed consisting of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide with two rectangular baffles and a U-Shaped Ring Resonator (USRR). The finite element method was used to theoretically investigate the sensor’s transmission characteristics. The simulation results show that Fano resonance is a sharp asymmetric resonance generated by the interaction between the discrete narrow-band mode and the successive wide-band mode. Next, the formation of broadband and narrowband is further studied, and finally the key factors affecting the performance of the sensor are obtained. The best sensitivity of this refractive-index sensor is 2020 nm/RIU and the figure of merit (FOM) is 53.16. The presented sensor has the potential to be useful in nanophotonic sensing applications.
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Chen J, Lian X, Zhao M, Xie C. Multimode Fano Resonances Sensing Based on a Non-Through MIM Waveguide with a Square Split-Ring Resonance Cavity. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050306. [PMID: 35624607 PMCID: PMC9138258 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a non-through metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide that can excite fivefold Fano resonances is reported. The Fano resonances are obtained by the interaction between the modes excited by the square split-ring resonator (SSRC) and the bus waveguide. After a detailed analysis of the transmission characteristics and magnetic field strength of the structure using the finite element method (FEM), it was found that the independent tuning of Fano resonance wavelength and transmittance can be achieved by adjusting the geometric parameters of SSRC. In addition, after optimizing the geometric parameters, the refractive index sensing sensitivity (S) and figure of merit (FOM) of the structure can be optimal, which are 1290.2 nm/RIU and 3.6 × 104, respectively. Additionally, the annular cavity of the MIM waveguide structure can also be filled with biomass solution to act as a biosensor. On this basis, the structure can be produced for optical refractive index sensing in the biological, micro and nano fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Xinyu Lian
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.)
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
| | - Chenbo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.)
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-5597-3263
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Li T, Yan S, Liu P, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Shen L, Ren Y, Hua E. A Nanoscale Structure Based on an MIM Waveguide Coupled with a Q Resonator for Monitoring Trace Element Concentration in the Human Body. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111384. [PMID: 34832796 PMCID: PMC8618686 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a nano-refractive index sensor is designed that consists of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide with a stub-1 and an orthogon ring resonator (ORR) with a stub-2. The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the transmission characteristics of the system. We studied the cause and internal mechanism of Fano resonance, and optimized the transmission characteristics by changing various parameters of the structure. In our experimental data, the suitable sensitivity could reach 2260 nm/RIU with a figure of merit of 211.42. Furthermore, we studied the detection of the concentration of trace elements (such as Na+) of the structure in the human body, and its sensitivity reached 0.505 nm/mgdL-1. The structure may have other potential applications in sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsong Li
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (T.L.); (P.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.R.)
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (E.H.)
- Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and System for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Safety Monitoring of Zhejiang Province and Belarus, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shubin Yan
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (E.H.)
- Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and System for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Safety Monitoring of Zhejiang Province and Belarus, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-3611-2255
| | - Pengwei Liu
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (T.L.); (P.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (T.L.); (P.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Lifang Shen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Yifeng Ren
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (T.L.); (P.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.R.)
| | - Ertian Hua
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China; (Y.Z.); (L.S.); (E.H.)
- Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and System for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Safety Monitoring of Zhejiang Province and Belarus, Hangzhou 310018, China
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