Summary of Natural Products Ameliorate Concanavalin A-Induced Liver Injury: Structures, Sources, Pharmacological Effects, and Mechanisms of Action

The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Diseases

The interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) family comprises 11 members that are involved in various biological processes such as antiviral defense, cell proliferation regulation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of IRF1-9 in a range of liver diseases, including hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), alcohol-induced liver injury, Con A-induced liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IRF1 is involved in the progression of hepatic IRI through signaling pathways such as PIAS1/NFATc1/HDAC1/IRF1/p38 MAPK and IRF1/JNK. The regulation of downstream IL-12, IL-15, p21, p38, HMGB1, JNK, Beclin1, β-catenin, caspase 3, caspase 8, IFN-γ, IFN-β and other genes are involved in the progression of hepatic IRI, and in the development of HCC through the regulation of PD-L1, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CXCR3. In addition, IRF3-PPP2R1B and IRF4-FSTL1-DIP2A/CD14 pathways are involved in the development of NAFLD. Other members of the IRF family also play moderately important functions in different liver diseases. Therefore, given the significance of IRFs in liver diseases and the lack of a comprehensive compilation of their molecular mechanisms in different liver diseases, this review is dedicated to exploring the molecular mechanisms of IRFs in various liver diseases.

Kaempferol sophoroside glucoside mitigates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: Role of Nrf2/NF-κB and JNK/ASK-1 signaling pathways

APAP (Acetaminophen)-induced hepatic injury is a major public health threat that requires continuous searching for new effective therapeutics. KSG (Kaempferol-3-sophoroside-7-glucoside) is a kaempferol derivative that was separated from plant species belonging to different genera. This study explored the protective effects of KSG on ALI (acute liver injury) caused by APAP overdose in mice and elucidated its possible mechanisms. The results showed that KSG pretreatment alleviated APAP-induced hepatic damage as it reduced hepatic pathological lesions as well as the serum parameters of liver injury. Moreover, KSG opposed APAP-associated oxidative stress and augmented hepatic antioxidants. KSG suppressed the inflammatory response as it decreased the genetic and protein expression as well as the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, KSG enhanced the mRNA expression and level of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 (interleukin-10). KSG repressed the activation of NF-κB (nuclear-factor kappa-B), besides it promoted the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Additionally, KSG markedly hindered the elevation of ASK-1 (apoptosis-signal regulating-kinase-1) and JNK (c-Jun-N-terminal kinase). Furthermore, KSG suppressed APAP-induced apoptosis as it decreased the level and expression of Bax (BCL2-associated X-protein), and caspase-3 concurrent with an enhancement of anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 in the liver. More thoroughly, Computational studies reveal indispensable binding affinities between KSG and Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1), ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1), and JNK1 (c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase-1) with distinctive tendencies for selective inhibition. Taken together, our data showed the hepatoprotective capacity of KSG against APAP-produced ALI via modulation of Nrf2/NF-κB and JNK/ASK-1/caspase-3 signaling. Henceforth, KSG could be a promising hepatoprotective candidate for ALI.

Natural Products That Protect Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: A Call for Increased Rigor in Preclinical Studies of Dietary Supplements

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury. The current standard-of-care treatment for APAP hepatotoxicity, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, is highly effective when administered early after overdose, but loses efficacy in later-presenting patients. As a result, there is interest in the identification of new treatments for APAP overdose patients. Natural products are a promising source of new treatments because many are purported to have hepatoprotective effects. In fact, a great deal of research has been done to identify natural products that can protect against APAP-induced liver injury. However, serious concerns have been raised about the rigor and human relevance of these studies. Here, we systematically reviewed the APAP-natural product literature from 2013 to 2023 to determine the veracity of these concerns and the scope of the potential problem. The results substantiate the concerns that have been previously raised and point to concrete steps that can be taken to improve APAP-natural product research.

Bioactivity of Eriocephalus africanus essential oil against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis via suppressing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting TNF-α/NF-κB and IFN-γ/STAT1 signaling pathways

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Eriocephalus africanus infusion is used as a diuretic and a diaphoretic and is also used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and gynaecological conditions, inflammation and dermal disorders, asthma, coughs, fevers, and painful ailments. The plant has been used traditionally as a medication to cure inflammation and skin problems.

AIM OF THE STUDY

Studying E. africanus essential oil (EAEO) as a potential hepatoprotective measure against concanavalin (Con) A-induced hepatitis in mice and investigating its underlying mechanism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Hydro-distilled oil of the fresh plant aerial shoots is subjected to GC/MS analysis. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) was induced in mice by intravenous injection of Con A (15 mg/kg). EAEO was administered orally before Con A injection to test its hepatoprotective activity.

RESULTS

GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 22 compounds representing 99.43% of the oil components. The monoterpene artemisia ketone (41.02%) and the sesquiterpene juniper camphor (14.17%) are the major components. The in vivo study showed that the oil suppressed Con A-induced neutrophil and CD4+T cell infiltration into the liver, restored hepatic redox balance, inhibited Con A-induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) hepatic levels which were correlated with its ability to suppress nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT1) activation in the liver.

CONCLUSION

EAEO showed hepatoprotective potential against Con A-induced hepatitis in mice collectively through selective anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-necrotic effects.

Protective Effect of Ginsenoside CK against Autoimmune Hepatitis Induced by Concanavalin A

Ginsenoside CK, a kind of rare ginsenoside transformed from protopanaxadiol saponins extracted from the genus Panax, has been proven to possess favorable bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and hepatoprotective effects. The current study is targeted to determine the effect of ginsenoside CK on hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con A). Mice were treated with different dosages of ginsenoside CK for 7 days, and Con A (15 mg/kg) was intravenously injected to induce autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the last administration. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with ginsenoside CK (40 mg/kg) could obviously ameliorate the increase in serum indicators related to liver function such as AST, ALT, and ALP, and hepatic lesions induced by Con A. Meanwhile, ginsenoside CK suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis, which was observed in pathological data, and immunoblotting results showed that the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and other proteins was regulated by CK. Furthermore, the release of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 in mice with AIH were lowered by the administration of 40 mg/kg of ginsenoside CK. Furthermore, ginsenoside CK elevated the gene expression of Nrf2 and Sirt1 and augmented downstream target genes such as HO-1. In addition, a significant inhibition effect of the TLR4/NF-κB signal was observed in 40 mg/kg CK-pretreated mice compared with the model group. To sum up, the results indicated that ginsenoside CK has a notable hepatoprotective effect against AIH by activating Sirt1/Nrf2 and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Cornuside improves murine autoimmune hepatitis through inhibition of inflammatory responses

BACKGROUND

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) poses an important public health concern worldwide, with few therapeutic options available. Cornuside, a primary cornel iridoid glycoside present in Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effects of cornuside on autoimmune diseases including AIH is still not defined, neither is clear on the mechanisms of cornuside in the suppression of inflammatory responses.

PURPOSE

The study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of cornuside on AIH using murine models.

STUDY DESIGN

A murine model of AIH induced by concanavalin A (Con A) was used to examine the pharmacological activity of cornuside in suppressing the inflammatory responses in vivo.

METHODS

C57BL/6J mice were intravenously with different doses of cornuside and challenged with 18 mg/kg Con A 3 h later. Network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify the potential target genes and signaling pathways by cornuside in AIH. Next serum and liver tissues were collected 12 h after Con A injection to analyze the levels of markers for hepatic injury, apoptosis, oxidative stress, immune responses, and inflammation.

RESULTS

Network pharmacological analysis revealed that cornuside may modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in AIH. Compared with the Con A group, cornuside pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, improving histopathological damage and apoptosis in the livers. In addition, cornuside decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, but increased superoxide dismutase levels, suggesting the relieving of oxidative stress. Furthermore, cornuside suppressed the activation of T and natural killer T cells, whereas the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells was significantly increased. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), was also clearly decreased. Finally, western blot analysis displayed that cornuside inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrated that cornuside has protective effects for Con A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis by suppressing the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the inflammatory responses through the ERK and JNK signaling pathways, as well as by modulating the activation and recruitment of immune cells.

A comprehensive review of Tripterygium wilfordii hook. f. in the treatment of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases: Bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, and future directions

Rheumatic and autoimmune diseases are a group of immune system-related disorders wherein the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the body's tissues and organs. This excessive immune response leads to inflammation, tissue damage, and functional impairment. Therapeutic approaches typically involve medications that regulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, alleviate symptoms, and target specific damaged organs. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been widely studied in recent years for its application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies have shown that preparations of Tripterygium wilfordii have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects, which effectively improve the symptoms and quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases, whereas the active metabolites of T. wilfordii have been demonstrated to inhibit immune cell activation, regulate the production of inflammatory factors, and modulate the immune system. However, although these effects contribute to reductions in inflammatory responses and the suppression of autoimmune reactions, as well as minimize tissue and organ damage, the underlying mechanisms of action require further investigation. Moreover, despite the efficacy of T. wilfordii in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, its toxicity and side effects, including its potential hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, warrant a thorough assessment. Furthermore, to maximize the therapeutic benefits of this plant in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and enable more patients to utilize these benefits, efforts should be made to strengthen the regulation and standardized use of T. wilfordii.

Molecular mechanism and research progress on pharmacology of ferulic acid in liver diseases

Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural polyphenol, a derivative of cinnamic acid, widely found in Angelica, Chuanxiong and other fruits, vegetables and traditional Chinese medicine. FA contains methoxy, 4-hydroxy and carboxylic acid functional groups that bind covalently to neighbouring adjacent unsaturated Cationic C and play a key role in many diseases related to oxidative stress. Numerous studies have shown that ferulic acid protects liver cells and inhibits liver injury, liver fibrosis, hepatotoxicity and hepatocyte apoptosis caused by various factors. FA has protective effects on liver injury induced by acetaminophen, methotrexate, antituberculosis drugs, diosbulbin B and tripterygium wilfordii, mainly through the signal pathways related to TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2. FA also has protective effects on carbon tetrachloride, concanavalin A and septic liver injury. FA pretreatment can protect hepatocytes from radiation damage, protects the liver from damage caused by fluoride, cadmium and aflatoxin b1. At the same time, FA can inhibit liver fibrosis, inhibit liver steatosis and reduce lipid toxicity, improve insulin resistance in the liver and exert the effect of anti-liver cancer. In addition, signalling pathways such as Akt/FoxO1, AMPK, PPAR γ, Smad2/3 and Caspase-3 have been shown to be vital molecular targets for FA involvement in improving various liver diseases. Recent advances in the pharmacological effects of ferulic acid and its derivatives on liver diseases were reviewed. The results will provide guidance for the clinical application of ferulic acid and its derivatives in the treatment of liver diseases.

Garcinone E Mitigates Oxidative Inflammatory Response and Protects against Experimental Autoimmune Hepatitis via Modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK Axis

Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae), a popular tropical fruit for its juiciness and sweetness, is an opulent fountain of prenylated and oxygenated xanthones with a vast array of bio-activities. Garcinone E (GE), a xanthone derivative reported from G. mangostana, possesses cytotoxic and aromatase inhibitory activities. The present research endeavors to investigate the hepato-protection efficaciousness of GE on concanavalin-A (Con-A)-instigated hepatitis. Results showed that GE pretreating noticeably diminishes both the serum indices (transaminases, ALP, LDH, and γ-GT) and histopathological lesions of the liver. It counteracted neutrophil and CD4+ infiltration into the liver. GE furthered the Nrf2 genetic expression and its antioxidants' cascade, which resulted in amelioration of Con-A-caused oxidative stress (OS), lipid per-oxidative markers (4-HNE, MDA, PC) reduction, and intensified antioxidants (TAC, SOD, GSH) in the hepatic tissue. Additionally, GE prohibited NF-ĸB (nuclear factor kappa-B) activation and lessened the genetics and levels of downstream cytokines (IL1β and IL6). Moreover, the TNF-α/JNK axis was repressed in GE-treated mice, which was accompanied by attenuation of Con-A-induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrated the protective potential of GE in Con-A-induced hepatitis which may be associated with Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation and OS suppression, as well as modulation of the NF-κB and TNF-α/JNK/apoptosis signaling pathway. These results suggest the potential use of GE as a novel hepato-protective agent against autoimmune hepatitis.

Concanavalin A promotes angiogenesis and proliferation in endothelial cells through the Akt/ERK/Cyclin D1 axis

CONTEXT

Concanavalin A (Con A) exhibited multiple roles in cancer cells. However, the role of Con A in endothelial cells was not reported.

OBJECTIVE

Our present study investigated the potential angiogenic role of Con A in endothelial cells and ischaemic hind-limb mice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Ea.hy926 cells were employed to determine the effect of Con A (0.3, 1, and 3 μg/mL) or vehicle on angiogenesis and cell proliferation with tube formation, ELISA, flow cytometry, EdU, and western blot. Hind-limb ischaemic mice were conducted to determine the pro-angiogenic effect of Con A (10 mg/kg) for 7 days.

RESULTS

Con A promoted tube formation to about three-fold higher than the control group and increased the secretion of VEGFa, PDGFaa, and bFGF in the medium. The cell viability was promoted to 1.3-fold by Con A 3 μg/mL, and cell cycle progression of G0G1 phase was decreased from 77% in the vehicle group to 70% in Con A 3 μg/mL, G2M was promoted from 15 to 19%, and S-phase was from 7 to 10%. Con A significantly stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 and expression of cyclin D1 and decreased the expression of p27. These effects of Con A were antagonised by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) and MEK pathway antagonist PD98059 (10 μM). Moreover, Con A (10 mg/kg) exhibited a repair effect in ischaemic hind-limb mice.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide a new option for treating ischaemic disease by local injection with Con A.

Alpha-Mangostin as a New Therapeutic Candidate for Concanavalin A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis: Impact on the SIRT1/Nrf2 and NF-κB Crosstalk

Alpha-mangostin (α-MN) is a xanthone obtained from Garcinia mangostana that has diverse anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials. However, its pharmacological activity against autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has not been investigated before. Concanavalin A (Con A) was injected into mice to induce AIH and two doses of α-MN were tested for their protective effects against Con A-induced AIH. The results demonstrated the potent hepatoprotective activity of α-MN evidenced by a remarkable decrease of serum indices of the hepatic injury and amendment of the histological lesions. α-MN significantly attenuated the level and immuno-expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) indicating a decrease in the neutrophil infiltration into the liver. Additionally, the recruitment of the CD4+ T cell was suppressed in the α-MN pre-treated animals. α-MN showed a potent ability to repress the Con A-induced oxidative stress evident by the reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and protein carbonyl (PC), as well as the enhanced levels of antioxidants as the reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ELISA, RT-PCR, and IHC analyses revealed that α-MN enhanced the sirtuin1/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (SIRT1/Nrf2) signaling and its downstream cascade genes concurrently with the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukine-6) signaling. Taken together, these results inferred that the hepatoprotective activity of α-MN could prevent Con A-induced AIH through the modulation of the SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. Hence, α-MN may be considered as a promising candidate for AIH therapy.

Cucurbitacin E glucoside alleviates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through enhancing SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting NF-ĸB/NLRP3 signaling pathways

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Cucurbitacins are highly oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoids, that represent the major metabolites reported from C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad.. Cucurbitacin E glucoside (CuE) is a tetracyclic triterpene glycoside separated from Cucurbitaceae plants. CuE has potent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor properties.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The current study aimed at examining the hepatoprotective effect of CuE against concanavalin A (Con A)-produced hepatitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Mice were intravenously administered Con A (15 mg/kg) to induce AIH. CuE was orally administered at two different doses for five days preceding Con A injection.

RESULTS

The results revealed that CuE pretreatment markedly attenuated the serum indices of hepatotoxicity and the severity of hepatic lesions. CuE depressed Con A-provoked increment in CD4⁺ T-cells in hepatic tissue. The antioxidant activity of CuE was evident through its ability to decrease markers of Con A-induced oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxyenonanal, and protein carbonyl) and intensified the antioxidants in the hepatic tissue (SOD, GSH, and TAC). CuE increased mRNA expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2 as well as its binding capacity. Subsequently, CuE augmented mRNA expression of Nrf2 targeted genes as NQO1, GCL, and HO-1 and recovered its normal level. CuE inhibited the activation of NF-κB/downstream pro-inflammatory mediators signaling. Furthermore, CuE attenuated the mRNA expression of NLRP3 and its associated genes.

CONCLUSION

Collectively, these results demonstrated the remarkable hepatoprotective potential of CuE towards Con A-induced AIH which was mediated via suppression of oxidative stress, enhancing SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1, and prohibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling. CuE could be a candidate for hepatitis patients.

The hepatoprotective effects of plant-based foods based on the "gut-liver axis": a prospective review

The importance of the "gut-liver axis" in the pathogenesis of liver diseases has been revealed recently; which promotes the process of developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, considering that there are still many challenges in the medical treatment of liver diseases, potential preventive dietary intervention may be a good alternative choice. Plant-based foods have received much attention due to their reported health-promoting effects in targeting multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases as well as the relative safety for general use. Based on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, this review emphatically summarizes the plant-based foods and their chemical constituents with reported effects to impact the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway of gut-liver axis of various liver diseases, reflecting their health benefits in preventing/alleviating liver diseases. Moreover, some plant-based foods with potential gut-liver effects are specifically analyzed from the reported studies and conclusions. This review intends to provide readers an overview of the current progress in the field of this research topic. We expect to see more hepatoprotective measures for alleviating the current prevalence of liver diseases.

Antiparasitic potential of ethanolic extracts of Carpesii Fructus against Miamiensis avidus in hirame natural embryo cell line and their effects on immune response- and biotransformation-related genes

Scuticociliatosis, caused by Miamiensis avidus, is a severe parasitic disease affecting marine organisms, particularly Paralichthys olivaceus. The aim of this study was to assess the antiparasitic potential of ethanolic extracts of Carpesii Fructus (EECF), the dried fruit of Carpesium abrotanoides L., which is used in traditional Chinese medicine, in vitro. We found that 50%, 70%, and 100% EECF induced morphological changes in M. avidus, including reduced motility, cell shrinkage, and lysis. Nearly 100% cell lysis was observed in M. avidus after 2 h of treating with 100% EECF. After 24 h, the survival rates of M. avidus treated with 100%, 70%, and 50% EECF were 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Additionally, the mRNA levels of immune response-related (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and CD8-α) and biotransformation-related (CYP1A, CYP1B, CYP3A4, and UGT2B19) genes increased with 70% and 100% EECF treatment and decreased with 50% EECF treatment following pretreatment with concanavalin A. The viability of hirame natural embryo (HINAE) cells was reduced by 50%, 70%, and 100% EECF (100 mg/L) and was between 67 and 80%. The IC₅₀ values of 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% EECF in HINAE cells were 102.3, 42.93, 39.15, and 38.39 mg/L, respectively. These results indicated that 50% EECF was less toxic to HINAE cells than 70% or 100% EECF, while still exhibiting antiparasitic activity against M. avidus. Therefore, we demonstrated the role of EECF as a natural antiparasitic agent against M. avidus. Our findings suggest that Carpesii Fructus has potential use as an antiparasitic agent in the aquaculture industry.

Microneedle-based insulin transdermal delivery system: current status and translation challenges

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease manifested by hyperglycemia. For patients with type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin therapy is essential. Subcutaneous injection remains the most common administration method. Non-invasive insulin delivery technologies are pursued because of their benefits of decreasing patients' pain, anxiety, and stress. Transdermal delivery systems have gained extensive attention due to the ease of administration and absence of hepatic first-pass metabolism. Microneedle (MN) technology is one of the most promising tactics, which can effectively deliver insulin through skin stratum corneum in a minimally invasive and painless way. This article will review the research progress of MNs in insulin transdermal delivery, including hollow MNs, dissolving MNs, hydrogel MNs, and glucose-responsive MN patches, in which insulin dosage can be strictly controlled. The clinical studies about insulin delivery with MN devices have also been summarized and grouped based on the study phase. There are still several challenges to achieve successful translation of MNs-based insulin therapy. In this review, we also discussed these challenges including safety, efficacy, patient/prescriber acceptability, manufacturing and scale-up, and regulatory authority acceptability.

The Combination of Tradition and Future: Data-Driven Natural-Product-Based Treatments for Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people. The personalized diagnosis and treatment remain challenges all over the world. In recent years, natural products are becoming potential therapies for many complex diseases due to their stability and low drug resistance. With the development of informatics technologies, data-driven natural product discovery and healthcare is becoming reality. For PD, however, the relevant research and tools for natural products are quite limited. Here in this review, we summarize current available databases, tools, and models for general natural product discovery and synthesis. These useful resources could be used and integrated for future PD-specific natural product investigations. At the same time, the challenges and opportunities for future natural-product-based PD care will also be discussed.