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Sembada AA, Lenggoro IW. Transport of Nanoparticles into Plants and Their Detection Methods. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:131. [PMID: 38251096 PMCID: PMC10819755 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle transport into plants is an evolving field of research with diverse applications in agriculture and biotechnology. This article provides an overview of the challenges and prospects associated with the transport of nanoparticles in plants, focusing on delivery methods and the detection of nanoparticles within plant tissues. Passive and assisted delivery methods, including the use of roots and leaves as introduction sites, are discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations. The barriers encountered in nanoparticle delivery to plants are highlighted, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches (e.g., the stem as a new recognition site) to optimize transport efficiency. In recent years, research efforts have intensified, leading to an evendeeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing the interaction of nanomaterials with plant tissues and cells. Investigations into the uptake pathways and translocation mechanisms within plants have revealed nuanced responses to different types of nanoparticles. Additionally, this article delves into the importance of detection methods for studying nanoparticle localization and quantification within plant tissues. Various techniques are presented as valuable tools for comprehensively understanding nanoparticle-plant interactions. The reliance on multiple detection methods for data validation is emphasized to enhance the reliability of the research findings. The future outlooks of this field are explored, including the potential use of alternative introduction sites, such as stems, and the continued development of nanoparticle formulations that improve adhesion and penetration. By addressing these challenges and fostering multidisciplinary research, the field of nanoparticle transport in plants is poised to make significant contributions to sustainable agriculture and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Awal Sembada
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I. Wuled Lenggoro
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
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Ayub MA, Zia Ur Rehman M, Ahmad HR, Fox JP, Clubb P, Wright AL, Anwar-Ul-Haq M, Nadeem M, Rico CM, Rossi L. Influence of ionic cerium and cerium oxide nanoparticles on Zea mays seedlings grown with and without cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121137. [PMID: 36720342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerium (Ce4+) and cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) have diversified reported effects on plants. Once dispersed in the environment their fate is not well understood, especially in co-existence with other pollutants like cadmium (Cd). The effect of co-application of Ce and Cd are reported in various studies, but the role of Ce source (ionic or bulk) and nanoparticle size is still unknown in cereal plants like maize (Zea mays). To better understand the synergistic effects of Ce and Cd, 500 mg kg-1 Ce coming from ionic (Ce4+ as CeSO4) and CeO2 nano sources (10 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm) alone and in combination with 0.5 mg Cd kg-1 sand were applied to maize seedlings. Growth, physiology, root structure, anatomy, and ionic homeostasis in maize were measured. The results revealed that Ce4+ resulted in overall decrease in seedling growth, biomass and resulted in higher heavy metal (in control sets) and Cd (in Cd spiked sets) uptake in maize seedlings' root and shoot. The effects of CeO2-NPs were found to be dependent on particle size; in fact, under Cd-0 (non-Cd spiked sets) CeO2-100 nm showed beneficial effects compared to the control. While under co-application with Cd, CeO2-50 nm showed net beneficial effects on maize seedling growth parameters. The Ce alone, and in combination with Cd, altered the root suberin barrier formation. Both ionic and nano Ce sources alone and in co-existence with Cd behaved differently for tissue elemental concentrations (Ce, Cd, micronutrients like B, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe and elements Co, Si) suggesting a strong influence of Cd-Ce coexistence on the element's uptake and translocation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan; Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA; Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - John-Paul Fox
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
| | - Preston Clubb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Alan L Wright
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA
| | - Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan; Indian River Research and Education Center, Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA; Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Cyren M Rico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missouri State University, 901 S National Ave, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, USA.
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Ayub MA, Rehman MZU, Ahmad HR, Rico CM, Abbasi GH, Umar W, Wright AL, Nadeem M, Fox JP, Rossi L. Divergent effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles alone and in combination with cadmium on nutrient acquisition and the growth of maize ( Zea mays). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1151786. [PMID: 37063213 PMCID: PMC10098090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1151786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing use of cerium nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) has made their influx in agroecosystems imminent through air and soil deposition or untreated wastewater irrigation. Another major pollutant associated with anthropogenic activities is Cd, which has adverse effects on plants, animals, and humans. The major source of the influx of Cd and Ce metals in the human food chain is contaminated food, making it an alarming issue; thus, there is a need to understand the factors that can reduce the potential damage of these heavy metals. METHODS The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of CeO2-10-nm-NPs and Cd (alone and in combination) on Zea mays growth. A pot experiment (in sand) was conducted to check the effect of 0, 200, 400, 600, 1,000, and 2,000 mg of CeO2-10 nm-NPs/kg-1 dry sand alone and in combination with 0 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg-1 dry sand on maize seedlings grown in a partially controlled greenhouse environment, making a total of 12 treatments applied in four replicates under a factorial design. Maize seedling biomass, shoot and root growth, nutrient content, and root anatomy were measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The NPs were toxic to plant biomass (shoot and root dry weight), and growth at 2,000 ppm was the most toxic in Cd-0 sets. For Cd-0.5 sets, NPs applied at 1,000 ppm somewhat reverted Cd toxicity compared with the contaminated control (CC). Additionally, CeO2-NPs affected Cd translocation, and variable Ce uptake was observed in the presence of Cd compared with non-Cd applied sets. Furthermore, CeO2-NPs partially controlled the elemental content of roots and shoots (micronutrients such as B, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Fe and the elements Co and Si) and affected root anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashar Ayub
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Zia ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Cyren M. Rico
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
| | - Ghulam Hassan Abbasi
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Umar
- Institute of Environmental Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, Hungary
| | - Alan L. Wright
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Centre, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - John-Paul Fox
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Indian River Research and Education Center, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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Both AK, Shaker E, Cheung CL. Phytotoxic effect of sub-3-nm crystalline ceria nanoparticles on the hydroponic growth of Daikon radish microgreens. CHEMNANOMAT : CHEMISTRY OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY, BIOLOGY AND MORE 2022; 8:e202200023. [PMID: 35757180 PMCID: PMC9216221 DOI: 10.1002/cnma.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (ceria NPs) have been widely used in many industrial applications. They have been proposed as a potential remedy for reducing oxidative stress in biological systems. General concerns over the toxicity of engineered ceria NPs have led to studies of their phytotoxicity in plants. Most of these plant growth studies were conducted in soil using grain crops and commercial ceria NPs of sizes from 6 nm to 100's nm. In this paper, we report our evaluation of the phytotoxicity and uptake of sub-3-nm crystalline ceria NPs by exposing Daikon radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) microgreens to these NPs with environmentally relevant concentrations under hydroponic growth conditions. Aqueous suspensions of different concentrations of these ceria NPs (0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm) were applied to these microgreens for the last 7 days of the 12-day growth period. Our results revealed the uptake of cerium by plant roots and the translocation of cerium to the stems and the cotyledons (seed leaves). The accumulation of cerium was found to be maximum at the roots, followed by the cotyledons and the stems of the plants. Even at the lowest concentration (0.1 ppm) of the sub-3-nm ceria NPs, the accumulation of cerium at the roots significantly stunted the root growth. However, these NP treatments did not show significant changes to the distributions of macro-minerals (Mg, K, and Ca) and micro-minerals (Zn and Cu) in the microgreens at the end of the 12-day growth period. The phytotoxic effect of sub-3-nm crystalline ceria nanoparticles on the hydroponic growth of Daikon radish microgreens was studied. The cerium uptake by the plant and its effect on the bioavailability of major macro-minerals and micro-minerals within the plant were examined.
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