1
|
Bianchi D, Ricciardi V, Pozzoli C, Grossi D, Caramanico L, Pindo M, Stefani E, Cestaro A, Brancadoro L, De Lorenzis G. Physiological and Transcriptomic Evaluation of Drought Effect on Own-Rooted and Grafted Grapevine Rootstock (1103P and 101-14MGt). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1080. [PMID: 36903939 PMCID: PMC10005690 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevines worldwide are grafted onto Vitis spp. rootstocks in order to improve their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the response of vines to drought is the result of the interaction between the scion variety and the rootstock genotype. In this work, the responses of genotypes to drought were evaluated on 1103P and 101-14MGt plants, own-rooted and grafted with Cabernet Sauvignon, in three different water deficit conditions (80, 50, and 20% soil water content, SWC). Gas exchange parameters, stem water potential, root and leaf ABA content, and root and leaf transcriptomic response were investigated. Under well-watered conditions, gas exchange and stem water potential were mainly affected by the grafting condition, whereas under sever water deficit they were affected by the rootstock genotype. Under severe stress conditions (20% SWC), 1103P showed an "avoidance" behavior. It reduced stomatal conductance, inhibited photosynthesis, increased ABA content in the roots, and closed the stomata. The 101-14MGt maintained a high photosynthetic rate, limiting the reduction of soil water potential. This behavior results in a "tolerance" strategy. An analysis of the transcriptome showed that most of the differentially expressed genes were detected at 20% SWC, and more significantly in roots than in leaves. A core set of genes has been highlighted on the roots as being related to the root response to drought that are not affected by genotype nor grafting. Genes specifically regulated by grafting and genes specifically regulated by genotype under drought conditions have been identified as well. The 1103P, more than the 101-14MGt, regulated a high number of genes in both own-rooted and grafted conditions. This different regulation revealed that 1103P rootstock readily perceived the water scarcity and rapidly faced the stress, in agreement with its avoidance strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricciardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carola Pozzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Grossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Leila Caramanico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Erika Stefani
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Fondazione E. Mach, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li T, Ren J, He W, Wang Y, Wen X, Wang X, Ye M, Chen G, Zhao K, Hou G, Li X, Fan C. Anatomical structure interpretation of the effect of soil environment on fine root function. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993127. [PMID: 36110353 PMCID: PMC9470114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine root anatomy plays an important role in understanding the relationship between fine root function and soil environment. However, in different soil environments, the variation of fine root anatomical structure in different root sequences is not well studied. We measured the soil conditions and anatomical structure characteristics (root diameter, cortical tissue, vascular tissue and xylem) of fine roots of Cupressus funebris in four experimental sites, and analyzed each level of fine roots separately. We link these data to understand the relationship between fine root anatomy and soil conditions. We found that the anatomical structure of fine roots is closely related to soil environmental factors. The fine roots of lower root order are mainly affected by soil nutrients. Among them, the cortical tissue of first-order fine roots was positively correlated with potassium and phosphorus, but negatively correlated with nitrogen, while second- and third-order fine roots was positively correlated with soil total potassium and negatively correlated with nitrogen and phosphorus. For the fine roots of high root order, the cortical tissue disappeared, and the secondary vascular tissue was mainly affected by soil moisture. In addition, we also found that the division of fine root functional groups is not fixed. On the one hand, the function of third-order fine roots will slip. For example, the decrease of soil moisture will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into transport roots, and the reduction of nitrogen will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into absorption roots to fix nitrogen. This transformation strategy can effectively prevent the restriction of soil nutrients on plant growth. On the other hand, with the change of habitat, the first- and second-order fine roots are still the absorbing root, and the fourth- and fifth-order fine roots are still the transport root, but the efficiency of absorption and transport will be affected. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the fine roots in different soil environment to show high levels of plasticity, shows that fine root anatomical structure changes may make plants, and reveals that the fine is just order of reaction and its mechanism in the soil environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochen Wen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuangji Zhao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guirong Hou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|