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Subebe MJB, Ogaro JC, Dayon ML, Manting MME, Murashima A, Omori A, Guihawan JQ, Uy MM, Mazahery ARF, Villacorte-Tabelin M. Phytochemical evaluation, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects of Buwakan (Decalobanthus peltatus (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples) leaf extracts on duck embryo. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024004-0. [PMID: 38631396 PMCID: PMC11079406 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Decalobanthus peltatus is a woody vine that is commonly utilized in traditional Southeast Asian medicinal preparations. Despite the documented therapeutic uses of D. peltatus, there is hardly any information regarding its toxic effects on its consumers. In this study, crude leaf extracts (aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane) from D. peltatus were prepared and evaluated for their embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects. Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds from the plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. In addition, investigations on the toxicity of the crude leaf extracts were determined using brine shrimp lethality assay, in which the LC50 was calculated. Results showed that the ethyl acetate leaf extract was the most toxic among the crude leaf extracts, with an LC50 of 14.54 ppm. Based on this result, ethyl acetate leaf extract was treated on duck embryos, and the alteration of vascular branching patterns in the chorioallantoic membrane was quantified. Gross morphological and histological analysis of the skin tissues from the treated duck embryos were also examined. We found significant reduction of primary and tertiary vessel diameters in the duck embryos treated with ethyl acetate leaf extracts in both concentrations compared to the control group. Treated duck embryos exhibited gross malformations, growth retardation, and hemorrhages on the external body surfaces at 1000 ppm. Histopathological analysis of the skin tissues from the 14-day-old treated duck embryos showed a reduced number of feather follicles compared to the control group. These results suggest that D. peltatus crude leaf extracts present risks when taken in significant dosages and comprehensive toxicity testing on therapeutic herbs should be performed to ensure their safety on the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrah Joy Blaya Subebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Josephine C. Ogaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Melanie L. Dayon
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Muhmin Michael E. Manting
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Aki Murashima
- Laboratory Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akiko Omori
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jaime Q. Guihawan
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Mylene M. Uy
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Chemistry Department, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Ahmad Reza F. Mazahery
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, 1101 Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Mylah Villacorte-Tabelin
- Department of Biological Sciences, CSM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
- Center for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, PRISM, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, Philippines
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Adetunji TL, Olawale F, Olisah C, Adetunji AE, Aremu AO. Capsaicin: A Two-Decade Systematic Review of Global Research Output and Recent Advances Against Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:908487. [PMID: 35912207 PMCID: PMC9326111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.908487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is one of the most important natural products in the genus Capsicum. Due to its numerous biological effects, there has been extensive and increasing research interest in capsaicin, resulting in increased scientific publications in recent years. Therefore, an in-depth bibliometric analysis of published literature on capsaicin from 2001 to 2021 was performed to assess the global research status, thematic and emerging areas, and potential insights into future research. Furthermore, recent research advances of capsaicin and its combination therapy on human cancer as well as their potential mechanisms of action were described. In the last two decades, research outputs on capsaicin have increased by an estimated 18% per year and were dominated by research articles at 93% of the 3753 assessed literature. In addition, anti-cancer/pharmacokinetics, cytotoxicity, in vivo neurological and pain research studies were the keyword clusters generated and designated as thematic domains for capsaicin research. It was evident that the United States, China, and Japan accounted for about 42% of 3753 publications that met the inclusion criteria. Also, visibly dominant collaboration nodes and networks with most of the other identified countries were established. Assessment of the eligible literature revealed that the potential of capsaicin for mitigating cancer mainly entailed its chemo-preventive effects, which were often linked to its ability to exert multi-biological effects such as anti-mutagenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, clinical studies were limited, which may be related to some of the inherent challenges associated with capsaicin in the limited clinical trials. This review presents a novel approach to visualizing information about capsaicin research and a comprehensive perspective on the therapeutic significance and applications of capsaicin in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Botany and Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | | | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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