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Shahbaz M, Palaniveloo K, Tan YS, Palasuberniam P, Ilyas N, Wiart C, Seelan JSS. Entomopathogenic fungi in crops protection with an emphasis on bioactive metabolites and biological activities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:217. [PMID: 38806748 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant pathogens with their abundance are harmful and cause huge damage to different agricultural crops and economy of a country as well as lead towards the shortage of food for humans. For their management, the utilization of entomopathogenic fungi is an eco-friendly technique, sustainable to the environment, safe for humans and has promising effect over chemical-based pesticides. This process requires a biochemical mechanism, including the production of enzymes, toxins, and other metabolites that facilitate host infection and invasion. Essential enzymes such as chitinase, proteinase, and lipase play a direct role in breaking down the host cuticle, the primary barrier to EPF (Entomopathogenic Fungi) infection. Additionally, secondary metabolites such as destruxins in Metarhizium, beauvericin in Beauveria, hirsutellides in Hirsutella, isarolides in Isaria, cordyols in Cordyceps, and vertihemipterins in Verticillium, among others, act both directly and indirectly to disable the defense mechanisms of insect hosts, thereby accelerating the EPF infection process. The chemical composition of these secondary metabolites varies, ranging from simple non-peptide pigments such as oosporine to highly complex piperazine derivatives such as vertihemiptellides. The biocontrol efficacy of EPF is extensively studied, with numerous fungal strains commercially available on a large scale for managing arthropod pests. This review emphasizes the role of proteins and enzymes against crop pathogens, detailing their mode of action, and describing the metabolites from entomopathogenic fungi and their biological activities. In doing so, these findings contribute to establishing a symbiotic equilibrium between agricultural productivity and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Shin Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praneetha Palasuberniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Diab MK, Mead HM, Ahmad Khedr MM, Abu-Elsaoud AM, El-Shatoury SA. Actinomycetes are a natural resource for sustainable pest control and safeguarding agriculture. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:268. [PMID: 38762847 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Actinomycetes, a diverse group of bacteria with filamentous growth characteristics, have long captivated researchers and biochemists for their prolific production of secondary metabolites. Among the myriad roles played by actinomycete secondary metabolites, their historical significance in the field of biocontrol stands out prominently. The fascinating journey begins with the discovery of antibiotics, where renowned compounds like streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin revolutionized medicine and agriculture. The history of biocontrol traces its roots back to the early twentieth century, when scientists recognized the potential of naturally occurring agents to combat pests and diseases. The emergence of synthetic pesticides in the mid-twentieth century temporarily overshadowed interest in biocontrol. However, with growing environmental concerns and the realization of the negative ecological impacts of chemical pesticides, the pendulum swung back towards exploring sustainable alternatives. Beyond their historical role as antibiotics, actinomycete-produced secondary metabolites encompass a rich repertoire with biopesticide potential. The classification of these compounds based on chemical structure and mode of action is highlighted, demonstrating their versatility against both plant pathogens and insect pests. Additionally, this review provides in-depth insights into how endophytic actinomycete strains play a pivotal role in biocontrol strategies. Case studies elucidate their effectiveness in inhibiting Spodoptera spp. and nematodes through the production of bioactive compounds. By unraveling the multifunctional roles of endophytic actinomycetes, this review contributes compelling narrative knowledge to the field of sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the potential of these microbial allies in crafting effective, environmentally friendly biocontrol strategies for combating agricultural pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khaled Diab
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Hala Mohamed Mead
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamad M Ahmad Khedr
- Agricultural Research Center, Cotton Leafworm Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Ahmed El-Shatoury
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Hong P, Dash CK, Ghafar MA, Haq IU, Lu L, Zhou C, Wu Q, Wang L. Demography and Population Projection of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) Colonized by Entomopathogenic Fungal Endophytes. INSECTS 2024; 15:73. [PMID: 38276822 PMCID: PMC10816886 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is a highly polyphagous and global pest. Spider mites primarily feed on the underside of leaves, resulting in decreased photosynthesis, nutritional loss, and the development of chlorotic patches. We investigated the life tables of the two-spotted spider mite T. urticae on fungal endophyte Beauveria bassiana colonized and untreated plants of the common Phaseolus vulgaris L., a bean plant. Based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, data were evaluated. The mites raised on untreated plants had protonymphs, deutonymphs, and total pre-adult stage durations that were considerably shorter (1.76, 2.14, and 9.77 d, respectively) than the mites raised on plants that had been colonized (2.02, 2.45, and 10.49 d, respectively). The fecundity (F) varied from 28.01 eggs per female of colonized plants to 57.67 eggs per female of endophyte-untreated plants. The net reproductive rate (R0) in the plants with and without endophytes was 19.26 and 42.53 brood, respectively. The untreated plants had an intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of 0.245 days as opposed to the colonized plants, which had an r of 0.196 days and a finite rate of increase (λ) (1.27 and 1.21, respectively). Population forecasts based on a two-sex, age-stage life table demonstrated the dynamism and variability of the stage structure. Furthermore, the colonization of B. bassiana had a negative impact on the growth and development of T. urticae. It lowered the adult mite life span, female fecundity, net reproduction rate, and intrinsic growth rate. We propose that future research should better use entomopathogenic fungal endophytes to understand host plant resistance strategies in integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, MOE, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China (C.K.D.); (M.A.G.)
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Gryganskyi AP, Hajek AE, Voloshchuk N, Idnurm A, Eilenberg J, Manfrino RG, Bushley KE, Kava L, Kutovenko VB, Anike F, Nie Y. Potential for Use of Species in the Subfamily Erynioideae for Biological Control and Biotechnology. Microorganisms 2024; 12:168. [PMID: 38257994 PMCID: PMC10820730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The fungal order Entomophthorales in the Zoopagomycota includes many fungal pathogens of arthropods. This review explores six genera in the subfamily Erynioideae within the family Entomophthoraceae, namely, Erynia, Furia, Orthomyces, Pandora, Strongwellsea, and Zoophthora. This is the largest subfamily in the Entomophthorales, including 126 described species. The species diversity, global distribution, and host range of this subfamily are summarized. Relatively few taxa are geographically widespread, and few have broad host ranges, which contrasts with many species with single reports from one location and one host species. The insect orders infected by the greatest numbers of species are the Diptera and Hemiptera. Across the subfamily, relatively few species have been cultivated in vitro, and those that have require more specialized media than many other fungi. Given their potential to attack arthropods and their position in the fungal evolutionary tree, we discuss which species might be adopted for biological control purposes or biotechnological innovations. Current challenges in the implementation of these species in biotechnology include the limited ability or difficulty in culturing many in vitro, a correlated paucity of genomic resources, and considerations regarding the host ranges of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii P. Gryganskyi
- Division of Biological & Nanoscale Technologies, UES, Inc., Dayton, OH 45432, USA
| | - Ann E. Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Nataliya Voloshchuk
- Faculty of Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Ecology, National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.V.); (L.K.)
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alexander Idnurm
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Romina G. Manfrino
- CEPAVE—Center for Parasitological & Vector Studies, CONICET-National Scientific & Technical Research Council, UNLP-National University of La Plata, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | | | - Liudmyla Kava
- Faculty of Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Ecology, National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.V.); (L.K.)
| | - Vira B. Kutovenko
- Agrobiological Faculty of Plant Protection, National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Felicia Anike
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA;
| | - Yong Nie
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China;
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Bamisile BS, Afolabi OG, Siddiqui JA, Xu Y. Endophytic insect pathogenic fungi-host plant-herbivore mutualism: elucidating the mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:326. [PMID: 37776438 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Various techniques used by crop plants to evade insect pests and pathogen attacks have been documented. Among these, plant defense strategies induced by endophytic insect pathogenic fungi are arguably one of the most discussed. Endophytic fungi frequently colonize plants and inhabit their internal tissues for a portion of their lifespan without producing visible symptoms of the disease. This phenomenon is widespread and diverse in both natural and agricultural ecosystems, and is present in almost all plant organs. Many fungi can obtain nutrients by infecting and killing insects, and this ability has been developed numerous times in different fungal lineages. These species mainly consist of those in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), where the generalist insect pathogens, Beauveria sp. (Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium sp. (Clavicipitaceae) are two of the most studied endophytic entomopathogenic fungal genera. However, most fungi that kill insects do not survive in the tissues of living plants. The data published thus far show a high degree of variability and do not provide consistent explanations for the underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for these effects. This implies that available knowledge regarding the colonization of plant tissues by endophytic insect pathogenic fungi, the effects of colonization on plant metabolism, and how this contributes to a decrease in herbivore and pathogens damage is limited. To adequately utilize fungal-based products as biological control agents, these products must be effective and the reduction of pests and infection must be consistent and similar to that of chemical insecticides after application. This article discusses this possibility and highlights the benefits and the specific techniques utilized by endophytically challenged plants in invading insect pests and disease pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | | | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Dos Santos MSN, Ody LP, Kerber BD, Araujo BA, Oro CED, Wancura JHC, Mazutti MA, Zabot GL, Tres MV. New frontiers of soil fungal microbiome and its application for biotechnology in agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:287. [PMID: 37632593 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The fungi-based technology provided encouraging scenarios in the transition from a conventionally based economic system to the potential security of sources closely associated with the agricultural sphere such as the agriculture. In recent years, the intensification of fungi-based processes has generated significant gains, additionally to the production of materials with significant benefits and strong environmental importance. Furthermore, the growing concern for human health, especially in the agriculture scenario, has fostered the investigation of organisms with high biological and beneficial potential for use in agricultural systems. Accordingly, this study offered a comprehensive review of the diversity of the soil fungal microbiome and its main applications in a biotechnological approach aimed at agriculture and food chain-related areas. Moreover, the spectrum of opportunities and the extensive optimization platform for obtaining fungi compounds and metabolites are discussed. Finally, future perspectives regarding the insurgency of innovations and challenges on the broad rise of visionary solutions applied to the biotechnology context are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon S N Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Lissara P Ody
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Kerber
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Araujo
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Carolina E D Oro
- Department of Food Engineering, Integrated Regional University of Alto Uruguay and Missions, 1621, Sete de Setembro Av., Fátima, Erechim, RS 99709-910, Brazil
| | - João H C Wancura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil.
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Rasool S, Markou A, Hannula SE, Biere A. Effects of tomato inoculation with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum on spider mite resistance and the rhizosphere microbial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197770. [PMID: 37293220 PMCID: PMC10244576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi have been well exploited as biocontrol agents that can kill insects through direct contact. However, recent research has shown that they can also play an important role as plant endophytes, stimulating plant growth, and indirectly suppressing pest populations. In this study, we examined the indirect, plant-mediated, effects of a strain of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum on plant growth and population growth of two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) in tomato, using different inoculation methods (seed treatment, soil drenching and a combination of both). Furthermore, we investigated changes in tomato leaf metabolites (sugars and phenolics), and rhizosphere microbial communities in response to M. brunneum inoculation and spider mite feeding. A significant reduction in spider mite population growth was observed in response to M. brunneum inoculation. The reduction was strongest when the inoculum was supplied both as seed treatment and soil drench. This combination treatment also yielded the highest shoot and root biomass in both spider mite-infested and non-infested plants, while spider mite infestation increased shoot but reduced root biomass. Fungal treatments did not consistently affect leaf chlorogenic acid and rutin concentrations, but M. brunneum inoculation via a combination of seed treatment and soil drenching reinforced chlorogenic acid (CGA) induction in response to spider mites and under these conditions the strongest spider mite resistance was observed. However, it is unclear whether the M. brunneum-induced increase in CGA contributed to the observed spider mite resistance, as no general association between CGA levels and spider mite resistance was observed. Spider mite infestation resulted in up to two-fold increase in leaf sucrose concentrations and a three to five-fold increase in glucose and fructose concentrations, but these concentrations were not affected by fungal inoculation. Metarhizium, especially when applied as soil drench, impacted the fungal community composition but not the bacterial community composition which was only affected by the presence of spider mites. Our results suggest that in addition to directly killing spider mites, M. brunneum can indirectly suppress spider mite populations on tomato, although the underlying mechanism has not yet been resolved, and can also affect the composition of the soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Rasool
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Markou
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - S. Emilia Hannula
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Biere
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
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Liu D, Smagghe G, Liu TX. Interactions between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Insects and Prospects with Glycans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050575. [PMID: 37233286 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns regarding the ecological and health risks posed by synthetic insecticides have instigated the exploration of alternative methods for controlling insects, such as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as biocontrol agents. Therefore, this review discusses their use as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides and especially focuses on the two major ones, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as examples. First, this review exemplifies how B. bassiana- and M. anisopliae-based biopesticides are used in the world. Then, we discuss the mechanism of action by which EPF interacts with insects, focusing on the penetration of the cuticle and the subsequent death of the host. The interactions between EPF and the insect microbiome, as well as the enhancement of the insect immune response, are also summarized. Finally, this review presents recent research that N-glycans may play a role in eliciting an immune response in insects, resulting in the increased expression of immune-related genes and smaller peritrophic matrix pores, reducing insect midgut permeability. Overall, this paper provides an overview of the EPF in insect control and highlights the latest developments relating to the interaction between fungi and insect immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Health and Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Chertkova E, Kabilov MR, Yaroslavtseva O, Polenogova O, Kosman E, Sidorenko D, Alikina T, Noskov Y, Krivopalov A, Glupov VV, Kryukov VY. Links between Soil Bacteriobiomes and Fungistasis toward Fungi Infecting the Colorado Potato Beetle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040943. [PMID: 37110366 PMCID: PMC10141481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi can be inhibited by different soil microorganisms, but the effect of a soil microbiota on fungal growth, survival, and infectivity toward insects is insufficiently understood. We investigated the level of fungistasis toward Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana in soils of conventional potato fields and kitchen potato gardens. Agar diffusion methods, 16S rDNA metabarcoding, bacterial DNA quantification, and assays of Leptinotarsa decemlineata survival in soils inoculated with fungal conidia were used. Soils of kitchen gardens showed stronger fungistasis toward M. robertsii and B. bassiana and at the same time the highest density of the fungi compared to soils of conventional fields. The fungistasis level depended on the quantity of bacterial DNA and relative abundance of Bacillus, Streptomyces, and some Proteobacteria, whose abundance levels were the highest in kitchen garden soils. Cultivable isolates of bacilli exhibited antagonism to both fungi in vitro. Assays involving inoculation of nonsterile soils with B. bassiana conidia showed trends toward elevated mortality of L. decemlineata in highly fungistatic soils compared to low-fungistasis ones. Introduction of antagonistic bacilli into sterile soil did not significantly change infectivity of B. bassiana toward the insect. The results support the idea that entomopathogenic fungi can infect insects within a hypogean habitat despite high abundance and diversity of soil antagonistic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Chertkova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Marsel R. Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga Yaroslavtseva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Olga Polenogova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Elena Kosman
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Darya Sidorenko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Tatyana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yury Noskov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Anton Krivopalov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Viktor V. Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Vadim Yu. Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
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Antifeedant and larvicidal activity of bioactive compounds isolated from entomopathogenic fungi Penicillium sp. for the control of agricultural and medically important insect pest (Spodoptera litura and Culex quinquefasciatus). Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rajab L, Habib W, Gerges E, Gazal I, Ahmad M. Natural occurrence of fungal endophytes in cultivated cucumber plants in Syria, with emphasis on the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107868. [PMID: 36455668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A survey was conducted to investigate endophytic Beauveria spp. and associated fungi in the tissues of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivated in open fields and greenhouses in some regions of Syria during 2018-2019. Cultures of fungal endophytes belonging to nine genera were obtained (frequency %): Aspergillus (87.1%), Penicillium (41.23%), Fusarium (38.15%), Beauveria (12.83%), Trichoderma (9.87%), Colletotrichum (4.36%), Cladosporium (3.54%), Alternaria (2.79%), and Chaetomium (2.2%). Only Beauveria and Trichoderma cultures were entomopathogenic. Beauveria bassiana isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly from the stems, leaves, petioles, and fruits of cucumber plants collected at seven agricultural sites. Their ability to artificially colonize all cucumber plant parts was confirmed in the laboratory using soil drench. In this study, the natural association between the endophytic entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana and cucumber plants is newly reported. In addition, a checklist of plant species reported in the literature to harbor this fungus is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Rajab
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
| | - Wassim Habib
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Elvis Gerges
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Plant Protection, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Ibtisam Gazal
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
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Ramos Aguila LC, Sánchez Moreano JP, Akutse KS, Bamisile BS, Liu J, Haider FU, Ashraf HJ, Wang L. Comprehensive genome-wide identification and expression profiling of ADF gene family in Citrus sinensis, induced by endophytic colonization of Beauveria bassiana. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:886-898. [PMID: 36403770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic entomopathogenic species are known to systematically colonize host plants and form symbiotic associations that benefit the plants they live with. The actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are a group of gene family that regulate growth, development, and defense-related functions in plants. Systematic studies of ADF family at the genome-wide level and their expression in response to endophytic colonization are essential to understand its functions but are currently lacking in this field. 14ADF genes were identified and characterized in the Citrus sinensis genome. The ADF genes of C. sinensis were classified into five groups according to the phylogenetic analysis of plant ADFs. Additionally, the cis-acting analysis revealed that these genes play essential role in plant growth/development, phytohormone, and biotic and abiotic responses; and the expression analysis showed that the symbiotic interactions generate a significant expression regulation level of ADF genes in leaves, stems and roots, compared to controls; thus enhancing seedlings' growth. Additionally, the 3D structures of the ADF domain were highly conserved during evolution. These results will be helpful for further functional validation of ADFs candidate genes and provide important insights into the vegetative growth, development and stress tolerance of C. sinensis in responses to endophytic colonization by B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Biochemistry, MOE, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jessica Paola Sánchez Moreano
- Carrera de Agroecología, Facultad de Ciencias Socio-Ambientales, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena 150102, Ecuador
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya
| | - Bamisope Steve Bamisile
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hafiza Javaira Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Biochemistry, MOE, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liande Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Biochemistry, MOE, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Culturable Endophytic Fungi in Fraxinus excelsior and Their Interactions with Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The species diversity of culturable endophytic fungi was studied in the leaves and twigs of symptomatic and asymptomatic Fraxinus excelsior trees. Endophytic mycobiota was dominated by Ascomycota species, with Pleosporales (44.17%) and Diaporthales (23.79%) endophytes being the most frequently observed in the tree samples. The number of endophytic isolates and species richness varied depending on the sampling date (May and October) and tissue location. Of the 54 species identified based on ITS sequences, 14 were classified as dominant. The most frequently isolated species were Diaporthe eres, followed by Alternaria alternata, Dothiorella gregaria, and Fraxinicola fraxini. The inhibitory effect of 41 species (75 isolates) of endophytes on the radial growth of a Hymenoscyphus fraxineus isolate was studied under in vitro conditions (dual cultures). The radial growth of H. fraxineus was the most inhibited by four endophytic fungi from twigs (Fusarium lateritium, Didymella aliena, Didymella macrostoma, and Dothiorella gregaria). The inhibitory effect of the four isolates was also studied under in planta conditions. The isolates artificially inoculated into the trunks of ash trees reduced the length of necroses formed by H. fraxineus co-inoculated in the same trunks. This effect depended on the isolate, and the inhibition was most prominent only on trunks inoculated with F. lateritium and D. aliena. Although the total length of necrotic lesions formed by the H. fraxineus infection was shorter in the ash trunks co-inoculated with the endophytes, the difference was not significant.
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