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Lai H, Shen Y, Yang H, Fernando DWG, Ren C, Deng F, Lu Y, Sun N, Chen L, Li G, Wang H, Gao H, Li Y. Comparative analysis of stripe rust resistance in seedling stage and Yr gene incidence in spring and winter wheat from Xinjiang, China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1394213. [PMID: 38751842 PMCID: PMC11094807 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1394213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Stripe rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), poses a significant threat to global wheat production. Objectives This study aims to analyze the distribution of stripe rust resistance genes, characterize resistance phenotypes at the seedling stage of 137 spring and 149 winter wheat varieties in Xinjiang, China, and discern differences in resistance between spring and winter wheat varieties. Design We used various Pst races (CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, CYR34) to characterize seedling resistance of spring and winter wheat varieties and to correlate resistance to the presence of wheat resistance genes (Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr41, Yr80, Yr81) using molecular markers. Results Among spring wheat varieties, 62, 60, 42, 26, 51, and 24 varieties exhibited resistance to CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34, respectively, with four varieties resistant to all varieties. Among winter wheat varieties, 66, 32, 69, 26, 83, 40 varieties demonstrated resistance to CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34, respectively, with four varieties resistant to all varieties. Molecular testing revealed that, in spring wheat, 2, 17, 21, 61, 10, 0, 10, 79, and 32 varieties carried Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr41, Yr80, and Yr81 genes, respectively. In winter wheat, 40, 20, 7, 143, 15, 1, 6, 38, and 54 varieties carried Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr26, Yr41, Yr80, and Yr81 genes, respectively. Notably, winter wheat exhibited a significantly higher resistance frequency than spring wheat, particularly in the incidence of Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18, and multi-gene combinations. Conclusion In summary, this study provides information on seedling stage resistance to stripe rust 286 Xinjiang wheat varieties, elucidates the distribution of resistance genes in this population, and offers a mechanistic basis for breeding durable resistance in wheat. varieties from Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Lai
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuyang Shen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Chenrong Ren
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feifei Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Na Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Ili Prefecture, Ili, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guangkuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Gultyaeva E, Shaydayuk E. Resistance of Modern Russian Winter Wheat Cultivars to Yellow Rust. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3471. [PMID: 37836211 PMCID: PMC10574662 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the significance of yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis (Pst) has substantially increased worldwide, including in Russia. The development and cultivation of resistant genotypes is the most efficient control method. The present study was conducted to explore the yellow rust resistance potential of modern common winter wheat cultivars included in the Russian Register of Breeding Achievements in 2019-2022 using the seedling tests with an array of Pst races and molecular markers linked with Yr resistance genes. Seventy-two winter wheat cultivars were inoculated with five Pst isolates differing in virulence and origin. Molecular markers were used to identify genes Yr2, Yr5, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr24, Yr25 and Yr60. Thirteen cultivars were resistant to all Pst isolates. The genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr24 that are effective against all Russian Pst races in resistant cultivars were not found. Using molecular methods, gene Yr9 located in translocation 1BL.1RS was detected in 12 cultivars, gene Yr18 in 24, gene Yr17 in 3 and 1AL.1RS translocation with unknown Yr gene in 2. While these genes have lost effectiveness individually, they can still enhance genetic diversity and overall yellow rust resistance, whether used in combination with each other or alongside other Yr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gultyaeva
- All Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Shosse Podbelskogo 3, St. Petersburg 1986608, Russia;
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Ul Islam B, Mir S, Dar MS, Khan GH, Shikari AB, Sofi NUR, Mohiddin F, Ahangar MA, Jehangir IA, Kumar S, Singh G, Wani SH. Characterization of Pre-Breeding Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm for Stripe Rust Resistance Using Field Phenotyping and Genotyping. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3239. [PMID: 37765402 PMCID: PMC10538134 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is highly affected by stripe rust disease, particularly under cooler environments, and the losses can reach up to 100 percent depending on the intensity of infection and the susceptibility of the genotype. The most effective method to manage this disease is the use of resistant varieties. In the present study, 192 wheat genotypes were evaluated for stripe rust resistance under field conditions and also in a laboratory using molecular markers. These lines included pre-breeding germplasm developed for rust resistance and some high-yielding commercially grown wheat varieties. Out of 192 genotypes, 53 were found to be resistant, and 29 showed moderate resistance reaction under field conditions, whereas the remaining genotypes were all either moderately susceptible or susceptible. Under controlled conditions, out of 109 genotypes, only 12 were found to be resistant to all the six virulent/pathogenic pathotypes. Additionally, a selection of 97 genotypes were found resistant in field screening and were subjected to molecular validation using the markers linked to major R-genes, viz., Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr17. Nine genotypes possessed the Yr5 gene, twelve had the Yr10 gene, fourteen had the Yr15 gene and thirty-two had the Yr17 gene. The resistance genes studied in the current study are effective in conferring resistance against stripe rust disease. The genotypes identified as resistant under both field and controlled conditions can be used as sources in stripe rust resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ul Islam
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (B.U.I.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Saba Mir
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Mohammad Saleem Dar
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Gazala H. Khan
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Asif B. Shikari
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (B.U.I.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Najeeb ul Rehman Sofi
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Fayaz Mohiddin
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Mohammad Ashraf Ahangar
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Intikhab Aalum Jehangir
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India;
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India; (S.M.); (M.S.D.); (G.H.K.); (N.u.R.S.); (F.M.); (M.A.A.); (I.A.J.)
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Wu C, Ma K, Chen W, Li J, Liu M, Cheng P, Wang B, Li Q. Identification and Molecular Mapping of the Gene YrFL in Wheat Cultivar Flanders with Durable Resistance to Stripe Rust. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2716-2723. [PMID: 36774583 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2683-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most severe diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Identification and characterization of resistance genes is advantageous to cultivating wheat varieties with durable resistance, which is the most economic and effective strategy to control stripe rust. Flanders, a common wheat cultivar released in France in 1986, confers effective resistance to stripe rust both at the seedling and adult plant stages. To elucidate the genetic basis of resistance in Flanders, F1, F2, and F2:3 generations derived from the cross Mingxian169 × Flanders were evaluated with the most prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR33 at the seedling stage. Inheritance analysis showed that the stripe rust resistance of Flanders was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrFL. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with a wheat 660K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array indicated that polymorphic SNP markers were mainly located in the 0 to 150 Mb on wheat chromosome 5A. One hundred and eleven kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) and 39 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on chromosome 5A were used to locate the YrFL. Linkage analysis mapped YrFL with 19 KASP and three SSR markers on wheat chromosome 5AS, and the genetic distances of the closest flanking markers AX108925494 and Xbarc56 to YrFL were 0.6 and 2.0 cM, respectively. Chromosome location, resistance characterization, and molecular marker positions indicated that YrFL is likely a novel stripe rust resistance gene on wheat chromosome 5AS and could be pyramided with other resistance genes to improve resistance in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kangjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Shaydayuk EL, Gultyaeva EI. Highly Aggressive Invasive Race Group PstS2 in Russian Populations of the Wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 511:235-240. [PMID: 37833578 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of the area of harmfulness of the wheat yellow rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis) (Pst) has be observed all over the world in the 2000s. This is due to the emergence of new highly aggressive invasive groups of races PstS1 and PstS2, adopted to the high temperatures, and also as a result of virulence mutations of regional pathogen populations. SCAR-markers were developed for identification of invasive races, and pathogen collections from many countries were studied. In these studies in first in Russia, the analysis of regional populations of P. striiformis for the presence of invasive races PstS1 and PstS2 was carried out. Single pustule isolates were obtained from urediosamples collected from common and durum wheat, triticale and wild grasses in seven regions of the Russian Federation (North Caucasian, Northwestern, Central Black Earth, Lower Volga, Middle Volga, Volga-Vyatka, West Siberian) in 2019-2020. In total 82 isolates were studied. Using SCAR markers, three genotypes were identified in the studied collection of P. striiformis, and one of which belongs to the invasive group PstS2. The other two genotypes had a different origin (other). Isolates of PstS2 group were received from pathogen population samples collected in the Russian Northwest in 2020. Virulence analysis revealed two phenotypes among them: PstS2_R1 (3 isolates) and PstS2_R2 (1 isolate). According to information from the Global Rust Reference Center ( http://www.wheatrust.org/ ), the main characteristic of isolates from invasive PstS2 group is virulence to wheat lines with resistance genes Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, and Yr25. The Russian R1 phenotype PstS2 was also characterized by virulence to these genes, as well as to Yr1, Yr32, and YrSp. The PstS2_R2 phenotype differed from PstS2_R1 for avirulence to Yr25 and virulence to Yr3 and Yr4. The main difference of Russian PstS2 isolates with detected in other countries is virulence to wheat lines with genes Yr4, Yr32, and YrSp. The first detection of invasive races in the Northwest of Russia indicates the relevance of annual monitoring of regional populations of P. striiformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Shaydayuk
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 196608, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E I Gultyaeva
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 196608, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Malysheva A, Kokhmetova A, Urazaliev R, Kumarbayeva M, Keishilov Z, Nurzhuma M, Bolatbekova A, Kokhmetova A. Phenotyping and Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Leaf Rust Resistance in the Wheat Germplasm from Kazakhstan, CIMMYT and ICARDA. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2786. [PMID: 37570940 PMCID: PMC10421303 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust (LR) is the most widespread disease of common wheat worldwide. In order to evaluate leaf rust resistance, 70 uncharacterized wheat cultivars and promising lines with unknown leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes) were exposed to Kazakhstani Puccinia triticina (Pt) races at the seedling stage. Field tests were performed to characterize leaf rust responses at the adult plant growth stage in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 cropping seasons. The wheat collection showed phenotypic diversity when tested with two virulent races of Pt. Thirteen wheat genotypes (18.6%) showed high resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages. In most cases, breeding material originating from international nurseries showed higher resistance to LR. Nine Lr genes, viz. Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr26, Lr28, Lr34, Lr37, Lr46, and Lr68, either singly or in combination, were identified in 47 genotypes. Known Lr genes were not detected in the remaining 23 genotypes. The most commonly identified resistance genes were Lr37 (17 cultivars), Lr34 (16 cultivars), and Lr46 (10 cultivars), while Lr19, Lr68, Lr26, and Lr28 were the least frequent. Four Lr genes were identified in Keremet and Hisorok, followed by three Lr genes in Aliya, Rasad, Reke, Mataj, Egana and Almaly/Obri. The molecular screening revealed twenty-nine carriers of a single Lr gene, ten carriers of two genes, six carriers of three genes, and two carriers of four genes. Most of these accessions showed a high and moderate level of APR (Adult plant resistance) and may be utilized for the incorporation of Lr genes in well-adapted wheat cultivars. The most effective combination was Lr37, Lr34, and Lr68, the carriers of which were characterized by a low disease susceptibility index. The obtained results will facilitate breeding programs for wheat resistance in Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Malysheva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Alma Kokhmetova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Rakhym Urazaliev
- Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak 040909, Kazakhstan;
| | - Madina Kumarbayeva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Zhenis Keishilov
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Makpal Nurzhuma
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Ardak Bolatbekova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Assiya Kokhmetova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.K.); (Z.K.); (M.N.); (A.B.); (A.K.)
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Waris MH, Kaur J, Bala R, Singh S, Srivastava P, Sharma A, Singh R, Kumari J. Stripe rust resistance gene(s) postulation in wheat germplasm with the help of differentials and tagged molecular markers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9007. [PMID: 37268698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirteen known Yr gene-associated markers pertaining to genes (Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24/Yr26) were used to identify the genes in selected wheat germplasm which were found resistant under field conditions at two locations in Punjab, India against stripe rust. In field evaluation, 38 genotypes exhibited highly resistant response, with a final rust severity (FRS) ranging from 0 to TR. Seven genotypes expressed a resistant to moderately resistant response with FRS ranging from 5MR-10S. In race-specific phenotying against most prevalent pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis tritici (46S119,110S119 &238S119) by seedling reaction test (SRT) 14 genotypes (29.2%) were found to be immune (IT = 0), 28 genotypes (58.3%) were resistant (IT = 1), and 3 genotypes (6.3%) were moderately resistant (IT = 2). Yr5 was detected in sixteen lines with the help of two markers Xwmc175 and Xgwm120 linked with Yr5. Yr10 was detected in ten lines with the marker Xpsp3000 and Yr15 was detected in fourteen lines with two linked markers; Xgwm413 and Xgwm273. Likewise, Yr24/26 was detected in 15 lines with two linked markers, namely Xbarc181 and Xbarc187. Based on the race specific phenotyping data and marker data, fourteen lines were found to carry a single gene, 16 showed the presence of two gene combinations, and seven genotypes were found to have a combination of three genes. Frequencies of Yr5, Yr15 and Yr26/Yr24 was high among test wheat germplasm in comparison to Yr10.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaspal Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Ritu Bala
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Achla Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rohtas Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PAU, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Yang Q, Yang J, Wang Y, Du J, Zhang J, Luisi BF, Liang W. Broad-spectrum chemicals block ROS detoxification to prevent plant fungal invasion. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3886-3897.e6. [PMID: 35932761 PMCID: PMC7613639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases cause a huge impact on food security and are of global concern. While application of agrochemicals is a common approach in the control of plant diseases currently, growing drug resistance and the impact of off-target effects of these compounds pose major challenges. The identification of pathogenicity-related virulence mechanisms and development of new chemicals that target these processes are urgently needed. One such virulence mechanism is the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by host plants upon attack by pathogens. The machinery of ROS detoxification might therefore serve as a drug target for preventing plant diseases, but few anti-ROS-scavenging drugs have been developed. Here, we show that in the model system Botrytis cinerea secretion of the cytochrome c-peroxidase, BcCcp1 removes plant-produced H2O2 and promotes pathogen invasion. The peroxidase secretion is modulated by a Tom1-like protein, BcTol1, through physical interaction. We show that BcTol1 is regulated at different levels to enhance the secretion of BcCcp1 during the early infection stage. Inactivation of either BcTol1 or BcCcp1 leads to dramatically reduced virulence of B. cinerea. We identify two BcTol1-targeting small molecules that not only prevent B. cinerea invasion but also have effective activity against a wide range of plant fungal pathogens without detectable effect on the hosts. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism of ROS detoxification in fungi and provide a class of potential fungicides to control diverse plant diseases. The approach described here has wide implications for further drug discovery in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinguang Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yameng Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juan Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Wenxing Liang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Engineering Research Center for Precision Pest Management for Fruits and Vegetables of Qingdao, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Mapuranga J, Zhang L, Zhang N, Yang W. The haustorium: The root of biotrophic fungal pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:963705. [PMID: 36105706 PMCID: PMC9465030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.963705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi are among the dreadful pathogens that continuously threaten the production of economically important crops. The interaction of biotrophic fungal pathogens with their hosts necessitates the development of unique infection mechanisms and involvement of various virulence-associated components. Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi have an exceptional lifestyle that supports nutrient acquisition from cells of a living host and are fully dependent on the host for successful completion of their life cycle. The haustorium, a specialized infection structure, is the key organ for biotrophic fungal pathogens. The haustorium is not only essential in the uptake of nutrients without killing the host, but also in the secretion and delivery of effectors into the host cells to manipulate host immune system and defense responses and reprogram the metabolic flow of the host. Although there is a number of unanswered questions in this area yet, results from various studies indicate that the haustorium is the root of biotrophic fungal pathogens. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of the haustorium, its structure, composition, and functions, which includes the most recent haustorial transcriptome studies.
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