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Aitken RJ. Male reproductive ageing: a radical road to ruin. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1861-1871. [PMID: 37568254 PMCID: PMC10546083 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern post-transition societies, we are reproducing later and living longer. While the impact of age on female reproductive function has been well studied, much less is known about the intersection of age and male reproduction. Our current understanding is that advancing age brings forth a progressive decline in male fertility accompanied by a reduction in circulating testosterone levels and the appearance of age-dependent reproductive pathologies including benign prostatic hypertrophy and erectile dysfunction. Paternal ageing is also associated with a profound increase in sperm DNA damage, the appearance of multiple epigenetic changes in the germ line and an elevated mutational load in the offspring. The net result of such changes is an increase in the disease burden carried by the progeny of ageing males, including dominant genetic diseases such as Apert syndrome and achondroplasia, as well as neuropsychiatric conditions including autism and spontaneous schizophrenia. The genetic basis of these age-related effects appears to involve two fundamental mechanisms. The first is a positive selection mechanism whereby stem cells containing mutations in a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway gain a selective advantage over their non-mutant counterparts and exhibit significant clonal expansion with the passage of time. The second is dependent on an age-dependent increase in oxidative stress which impairs the steroidogenic capacity of the Leydig cells, disrupts the ability of Sertoli cells to support the normal differentiation of germ cells, and disrupts the functional and genetic integrity of spermatozoa. Given the central importance of oxidative stress in defining the impact of chronological age on male reproduction, there may be a role for antioxidants in the clinical management of this process. While animal studies are supportive of this strategy, carefully designed clinical trials are now needed if we are to realize the therapeutic potential of this approach in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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El-Sahar AE, Bekhit N, Eissa NM, Abdelsalam RM, Essam RM. Targeting HMGB1/PI3K/Akt and NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways by vildagliptin mitigates testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia in rats. Life Sci 2023; 322:121645. [PMID: 37001804 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent illness in older adults. It is well-recognized that testosterone is essential in the onset of BPH. Vildagliptin (Vilda), a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we studied the effects of vildagliptin on testosterone-induced BPH in rats and its underlying mechanisms. Forty male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups (n = 10): CTRL, Vilda, BPH, and BPH + Vilda groups. Our results revealed that vildagliptin treatment considerably lessened the prostate weight, prostate index, serum levels of prostate-specific antigen, 5α-reductase activity, and DHT levels compared to the testosterone group. Furthermore, vildagliptin treatment inhibited the expression of HMGB1, PI3K/Akt/NF-κB, and TNF-α signaling pathways in the prostate tissue of diseased rats. Additionally, vildagliptin treatment increased the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1, reduced GSH levels, and lowered MDA levels. Besides, vildagliptin noticeably scaled up the level of cleaved caspase-3 enzyme and, conversely, the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Correspondingly, vildagliptin counteracts testosterone-induced histological irregularities in rats' prostates. These findings suggest that vildagliptin may be a potential prophylactic approach to avoid BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman E El-Sahar
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Nadine Bekhit
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha M Eissa
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Reham M Essam
- Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Role of Phytotherapy in the Management of BPH: A Summary of the Literature. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051899. [PMID: 36902686 PMCID: PMC10003922 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) describes the non-malignant enlargement of the prostate. It is both common and growing in incidence. Treatment is multimodal, involving conservative, medical, and surgical interventions. This review aims to examine the evidence base for phytotherapies, specifically analyzing their role in treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributable to BPH. A literature search was completed, specifically looking for randomized control trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews involving phytotherapy treating BPH. Specific emphasis was placed on exploring substance origin, the proposed mechanism of action, evidence of efficacy, and the side-effect profile. Several phytotherapeutic agents were evaluated. These included serenoa repens, cucurbita pepo, and pygeum Africanum, among others. For most of the reviewed substances, only modest effectiveness was reported. Generally, though, all treatments were tolerated well with minimal side effects. None of the treatments discussed in this paper form part of the recommended treatment algorithm in either European or American guidelines. We, therefore, conclude that phytotherapies, in the treatment of LUTS attributable to BPH, do provide a convenient option for patients, with minimal side effects. At present, however, the evidence for the usage of phytotherapy in BPH is inconclusive, with some agents having more backing than others. This remains an expansive field of urology whereby there is still more research to be done.
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Semenov AL, Tyndyk ML, Von JD, Ermakova ED, Dorofeeva AA, Tumanyan IA, Radetskaya EA, Yurova MN, Zherebker A, Gorbunov AY, Fedoros EI, Panchenko AV, Anisimov VN. Effects of Isoflavone-Rich NADES Extract of Pueraria lobata Roots and Astaxanthin-Rich Phaffia rhodozyma Extract on Prostate Carcinogenesis in Rats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:564. [PMID: 36771648 PMCID: PMC9920470 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies worldwide. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) extract of Pueraria lobata roots rich in isoflavones (ISF) and Phaffia rhodozyma extract rich in astaxanthin (ASX) on an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea plus testosterone PCa model in rats. ISF consisted of puerarin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and other polyphenols, while ASX contained lipids and unsaturated species in addition to astaxanthin. Extracts were administered through a whole promotion period in daily doses shown by our group to successfully inhibit benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) development - 200 mg/kg for ISF and 25 mg/kg for ASX. Though a similar effect was found for BPH processes accompanying PCa induction, the incidence of PCa in animals treated with placebo, ISF and ASX was 37%, 37% and 41%, respectively, showing no chemopreventive activity of ISF and ASX. PCa development was associated with a decrease in the Ca/Mg ratio in serum and an increase in prostate tissue. Treatment with both extracts produced a normalization effect on Ca balance in serum, which, combined with a decrease in the prostatic index, suggests some positive health effects of ISF and ASX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Semenov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita L. Tyndyk
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia D. Von
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena D. Ermakova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Dorofeeva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A. Tumanyan
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Maria N. Yurova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Yu. Gorbunov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Fedoros
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Panchenko
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Inhibition of α 1-Adrenergic, Non-Adrenergic and Neurogenic Human Prostate Smooth Muscle Contraction and of Stromal Cell Growth by the Isoflavones Genistein and Daidzein. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234943. [PMID: 36500973 PMCID: PMC9735664 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavone-rich legumes, including soy, are used for food production, as dietary supplements and in traditional medicine. Soy consumption correlates negatively with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and voiding symptoms. However, isoflavone effects on the prostate are hardly known. Here, we examined the effects on human prostate smooth muscle contractions and stromal cell growth, which are driving factors of voiding symptoms in BPH. Smooth muscle contractions were induced in prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy. Growth-related functions were studied in cultured stromal cells (WPMY-1). Neurogenic, α1-adrenergic and non-adrenergic contractions were strongly inhibited with 50 µM and by around 50% with 10 µM genistein. Daidzein inhibited neurogenic contractions using 10 and 100 µM. Agonist-induced contractions were inhibited by 100 µM but not 10 µM daidzein. A combination of 6 µM genistein with 5 µM daidzein still inhibited neurogenic and agonist-induced contractions. Proliferation of WPMY-1 cells was inhibited by genistein (>50%) and daidzein (<50%). Genistein induced apoptosis and cell death (by seven-fold relative to controls), while daidzein induced cell death (6.4-fold) without apoptosis. Viability was reduced by genistein (maximum: 87%) and daidzein (62%). In conclusion, soy isoflavones exert sustained effects on prostate smooth muscle contractions and stromal cell growth, which may explain the inverse relationships between soy-rich nutrition, BPH and voiding symptoms.
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Zhilinskaya N, Atayev M, Ivanchenko O, Kuznetsova T, Musta N, Blandov A. Comparative study of micronutrient content in soft rice beverages based on green and black tea. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224802009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft beverages based on rice (“rice milk”) are hypoallergenic, increase immunity, supply the body with energy, and normalize the nervous system. Earlier, we developed soft rice beverage recipes based on boiled rice filtrate, green (black) tea water concentrate, stevia extract as a natural sweetener. Physico-chemical analysis of the content of micronutrients in soft rice-tea beverages was carried out. Comparative analysis of content of vitamins E (alpha-tocopherol) and C (ascorbic acid) showed that vitamins are presented in both types of beverages during production, but in different amounts. The rice beverage combined with green tea concentrate contains 1.33 times more potassium ions and 1.13 times less magnesium ions than the beverage based on black tea. The rice beverage combined with black tea contains 3.81 times more sodium ions compared to the beverage based on green tea. There were no significant differences in the number of magnesium ions. Both samples contained traces of manganese and iron ions. The produced soft rice-tea beverages with stevia extract could be recommended as a functional food.
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