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Zhao G, Li L, Shen X, Zhong R, Zhong Q, Lei H. DNA Barcoding Unveils Novel Discoveries in Authenticating High-Value Snow Lotus Seed Food Products. Foods 2024; 13:2580. [PMID: 39200507 PMCID: PMC11353642 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Snow Lotus Seed (SLS), esteemed for its nutritional and market value, faces challenges of authentication due to the absence of appropriate testing standards and methods. This results in frequent adulteration of SLS sourced from Gleditsia sinensis (G. sinensis) with other plant seeds endosperm. Traditional chloroplast DNA barcoding methods are inadequate for species identification due to the absence of chloroplasts in G. sinensis seeds endosperm. In this study, the homology of 11 ITS genes among 6 common Gleditsia species was analyzed. Universal primers suitable for these species were designed and screened. A DNA barcoding method for distinguishing SLS species was developed using Sanger sequencing technology, leveraging existing GenBank and Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) databases. Optimized sample pretreatment facilitated effective DNA extraction from phytopolysaccharide-rich SLS. Through testing of commercial SLS products, the species origin has been successfully identified. Additionally, a novel instance of food fraud was uncovered, where the Caesalpinia spinosa endosperm was used to counterfeit SLS for the first time. The study established that the developed DNA barcoding method is effective for authenticating SLS species. It is of great significance for combating food fraud related to SLS, ensuring food safety, and promoting the healthy development of the SLS industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (G.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (G.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ruimin Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China;
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (G.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (G.Z.); (X.S.); (Q.Z.)
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Zhao J, Chen H, Li G, Jumaturti MA, Yao X, Hu Y. Phylogenetics Study to Compare Chloroplast Genomes in Four Magnoliaceae Species. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9234-9251. [PMID: 37998755 PMCID: PMC10670740 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnoliaceae, a family of perennial woody plants, contains several endangered species whose taxonomic status remains ambiguous. The study of chloroplast genome information can help in the protection of Magnoliaceae plants and confirmation of their phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the chloroplast genomes were sequenced, assembled, and annotated in Woonyoungia septentrionalis and three Michelia species (Michelia champaca, Michelia figo, and Michelia macclurei). Comparative analyses of genomic characteristics, repetitive sequences, and sequence differences were performed among the four Magnoliaceae plants, and phylogenetic relationships were constructed with twenty different magnolia species. The length of the chloroplast genomes varied among the four studied species ranging from 159,838 bp (Woonyoungia septentrionalis) to 160,127 bp (Michelia macclurei). Four distinct hotspot regions were identified based on nucleotide polymorphism analysis. They were petA-psbJ, psbJ-psbE, ndhD-ndhE, and rps15-ycf1. These gene fragments may be developed and utilized as new molecular marker primers. By using Liriodendron tulipifera and Liriodendron chinense as outgroups reference, a phylogenetic tree of the four Magnoliaceae species and eighteen other Magnoliaceae species was constructed with the method of Shared Coding Sequences (CDS). Results showed that the endangered species, W. septentrionalis, is relatively genetically distinct from the other three species, indicating the different phylogenetic processes among Magnoliaceae plants. Therefore, further genetic information is required to determine the relationships within Magnoliaceae. Overall, complete chloroplast genome sequences for four Magnoliaceae species reported in this paper have shed more light on phylogenetic relationships within the botanical group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.); (G.L.); (M.A.J.); (X.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning 530002, China;
| | - Gaiping Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.); (G.L.); (M.A.J.); (X.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Maimaiti Aisha Jumaturti
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.); (G.L.); (M.A.J.); (X.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.); (G.L.); (M.A.J.); (X.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.Z.); (G.L.); (M.A.J.); (X.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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DNA Barcodes for Accurate Identification of Selected Medicinal Plants (Caryophyllales): Toward Barcoding Flowering Plants of the United Arab Emirates. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for herbal medicinal plants is steadily increasing. Hence, the accurate identification of plant material has become vital for safe usage, avoiding adulteration, and medicinal plant trading. DNA barcoding has shown to be a valuable molecular identification tool for medicinal plants, ensuring the safety and efficacy of plant materials of therapeutic significance. Using morphological characters in genera with closely related species, species delimitation is often difficult. Here, we evaluated the capability of the nuclear barcode ITS2 and plastid DNA barcodes rbcL and matK to identify 20 medicinally important plant species of Caryophyllales. In our analysis, we applied an integrative approach for species discrimination using pairwise distance-based unsupervised operational taxonomic unit “OTU picking” methods, viz., ABGD (Automated Barcode Gap Analysis) and ASAP (Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning). Along with the unsupervised OTU picking methods, Supervised Machine Learning methods (SML) were also implemented to recognize divergent taxa. Our results indicated that ITS2 was more successful in distinguishing between examined species, implying that it could be used to detect the contamination and adulteration of these medicinally important plants. Moreover, this study suggests that the combination of more than one method could assist in the resolution of morphologically similar or closely related taxa.
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