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Salama EAA, Farid MA, El-Mahalawy YA, El-Akheder AAA, Aboshosha AA, Fayed AM, Yehia WMB, Lamlom SF. Exploring agro-morphological and fiber traits diversity in cotton (G. barbadense L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:403. [PMID: 38750434 PMCID: PMC11095005 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) is a leading fiber and oilseed crop globally, but genetic diversity among breeding materials is often limited. This study analyzed genetic variability in 14 cotton genotypes from Egypt and other countries, including both cultivated varieties and wild types, using agro-morphological traits and genomic SSR markers. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons to evaluate 12 key traits related to plant growth, yield components, and fiber quality. Molecular diversity analysis utilized 10 SSR primers to generate DNA profiles. The Molecular diversity analysis utilized 10 SSR primers to generate DNA profiles. Data showed wide variation for the morphological traits, with Egyptian genotypes generally exhibiting higher means for vegetative growth and yield parameters. The top-performing genotypes for yield were Giza 96, Giza 94, and Big Black Boll genotypes, while Giza 96, Giza 92, and Giza 70 ranked highest for fiber length, strength, and fineness. In contrast, molecular profiles were highly polymorphic across all genotypes, including 82.5% polymorphic bands out of 212. Polymorphism information content was high for the SSR markers, ranging from 0.76 to 0.86. Genetic similarity coefficients based on the SSR data varied extensively from 0.58 to 0.91, and cluster analysis separated genotypes into two major groups according to geographical origin. The cotton genotypes displayed high diversity in morphology and genetics, indicating sufficient variability in the germplasm. The combined use of physical traits and molecular markers gave a thorough understanding of the genetic diversity and relationships between Egyptian and global cotton varieties. The SSR markers effectively profiled the genotypes and can help select ideal parents for enhancing cotton through hybridization and marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A A Salama
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Mona A Farid
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Youssef A El-Mahalawy
- Cotton Breeding Department, Agriculture Research Center, Cotton Research, Cotton Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - A A A El-Akheder
- Cotton Breeding Department, Agriculture Research Center, Cotton Research, Cotton Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali A Aboshosha
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Aysam M Fayed
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat, 32897, Egypt
| | - W M B Yehia
- Cotton Breeding Department, Agriculture Research Center, Cotton Research, Cotton Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sobhi F Lamlom
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
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Fang DD, Thyssen GN, Wang M, Jenkins JN, McCarty JC, Jones DC. Genomic confirmation of Gossypium barbadense introgression into G. hirsutum and a subsequent MAGIC population. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:143-152. [PMID: 36346467 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Introgression of superior fiber traits from Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense, GB) into high yield Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) has been a breeding objective for many years in a few breeding programs in the world. However, progress has been very slow due to introgression barriers resulting from whole genome hybridization between the two species. To minimize such barriers, chromosome substitution lines (CS-B) from Pima cotton 3-79 in an Upland cotton cultivar TM-1 were developed. A multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population consisting of 180 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was subsequently made using the 18 CS-B lines and three Upland cotton cultivars as parents. In this research, we sequenced the whole genomes of the 21 parents and 180 RILs to examine the G. barbadense introgression. Of the 18 CS-B lines, 11 contained the target GB chromosome or chromosome segment, two contained more than two GB chromosomes, and five did not have the expected introgression. Residual introgression in non-target chromosomes was prevalent in all CS-B lines. A clear structure existed in the MAGIC population and the 180 RILs were distributed into three groups, i.e., high, moderate, and low GB introgression. Large blocks of GB chromosome introgression were still present in some RILs after five cycles of random-mating, an indication of recombination suppression or other unknown reasons present in the population. Identity by descent analysis revealed that the MAGIC RILs contained less introgression than expected. This research presents an insight on understanding the complex problems of introgression between cotton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Fang
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
| | - Gregory N Thyssen
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Maojun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Johnie N Jenkins
- Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Jack C McCarty
- Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
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Kushanov FN, Komilov DJ, Turaev OS, Ernazarova DK, Amanboyeva RS, Gapparov BM, Yu JZ. Genetic Analysis of Mutagenesis That Induces the Photoperiod Insensitivity of Wild Cotton Gossypium hirsutum Subsp. purpurascens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3012. [PMID: 36432741 PMCID: PMC9698681 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cotton genus Gossypium L., especially its wild species, is rich in genetic diversity. However, this valuable genetic resource is barely used in cotton breeding programs. In part, due to photoperiod sensitivities, the genetic diversity of Gossypium remains largely untapped. Herein, we present a genetic analysis of morphological, cytological, and genomic changes from radiation-mediated mutagenesis that induced plant photoperiod insensitivity in the wild cotton of Gossypium hirsutum. Several morphological and agronomical traits were found to be highly inheritable using the progeny between the wild-type G. hirsutum subsp. purpurascens (El-Salvador) and its mutant line (Kupaysin). An analysis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) revealed quadrivalents that had an open ring shape and an adjoining type of divergence of chromosomes from translocation complexes. Using 336 SSR markers and 157 F2 progenies that were grown with parental genotypes and F1 hybrids in long day and short night conditions, five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cotton flowering were located on chromosomes At-05, At-11, and Dt-07. Nineteen candidate genes related to the flowering traits were suggested through molecular and in silico analysis. The DNA markers associated with the candidate genes, upon future functional analysis, would provide useful tools in marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cotton breeding programs for early flowering and maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriddin N. Kushanov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Qibray QFY, Yuqori-Yuz, Qibray District, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, University Street-4, Olmazor District, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Namangan State University, Uychi Street-316, Namangan 160100, Uzbekistan
| | - Doniyor J. Komilov
- Department of Biotechnology, Namangan State University, Uychi Street-316, Namangan 160100, Uzbekistan
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, University Street-2, Qibray District, Tashkent 111215, Uzbekistan
| | - Ozod S. Turaev
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Qibray QFY, Yuqori-Yuz, Qibray District, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, University Street-4, Olmazor District, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Dilrabo K. Ernazarova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Qibray QFY, Yuqori-Yuz, Qibray District, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, University Street-4, Olmazor District, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Roza S. Amanboyeva
- Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, University Street-4, Olmazor District, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Gulistan State University, 4th Microregion, Gulistan 120100, Uzbekistan
| | - Bunyod M. Gapparov
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Qibray QFY, Yuqori-Yuz, Qibray District, Tashkent 111226, Uzbekistan
| | - John Z. Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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