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Pedro SI, Fernandes TA, Luís Â, Antunes AMM, Gonçalves JC, Gominho J, Gallardo E, Anjos O. First Chemical Profile Analysis of Acacia Pods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3486. [PMID: 37836226 PMCID: PMC10575431 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to evaluate the potential industrial applications of various Acacia species (Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia longifolia, Acacia cyclops, Acacia retinodes, Acacia pycnantha, Acacia mearnsii, and Acacia dealbata) by examining their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, a comprehensive analysis successfully identified targeted compounds, including flavonoids (flavonols/flavones) and phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid. Additionally, p-coumaric acid was specifically identified and quantified within the hydroxycinnamic aldehydes. This comprehensive characterization provides valuable insights into the chemical profiles of the studied species. Among the studied species, A. pycnantha exhibited a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds, including catechin, myricetin, quercetin, and coniferaldehyde. Furthermore, A. pycnantha displayed notable antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and B. cereus. The identified compounds in Acacia pods and their shown antibacterial activities exhibit promising potential for future applications. Moreover, vibrational spectroscopy was a reliable method for distinguishing between species. These significant findings enhance our understanding of Acacia species and their potential for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia I. Pedro
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (S.I.P.); (J.C.G.)
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Tiago A. Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.A.F.); (A.M.M.A.)
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia (DCeT), Universidade Aberta,1000-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (Â.L.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.A.F.); (A.M.M.A.)
| | - José C. Gonçalves
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (S.I.P.); (J.C.G.)
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gominho
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (Â.L.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (S.I.P.); (J.C.G.)
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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Pedro SI, Antunes CAL, Horta C, Pitacas I, Gonçalves J, Gominho J, Gallardo E, Anjos O. Characterization of Mineral Composition and Nutritional Value of Acacia Green Pods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091853. [PMID: 37176911 PMCID: PMC10180956 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Acacia genus is considered one of the most invasive taxa in some habitats, namely coastal dunes, maritime calcareous soils, fresh lands in the valleys, mountainous areas, and the banks of watercourses and roadsides. In Portugal, the severity risk is very high, so this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and mineral contents of the green pods as a potential source for livestock feeds and soil fertilizer because, as far as we know, there is no use for this species. The seven different species of Acacia (Acacia mearnsii Link, Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd, Acacia melanoxylon R. Br., Acacia pycnantha Bentham, Acacia dealbata Link., Acacia retinodes Schlecht, and Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don fil) were evaluated. The results showed that Acacia green pods have a high protein, fibre and minerals content, especially in potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). All species present a different profile of the studied parameters, suggesting different potentials for their future use. Near-infrared spectroscopy was a potential tool to predict the earlier quality of the Acacia green pods to better select the raw material for the different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia I Pedro
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior (CBPBI), 6000-098 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A L Antunes
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco (IPCB), 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Carmo Horta
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Inês Pitacas
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gominho
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior (CBPBI), 6000-098 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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Wu C, He L, Zhang Y, You C, Li X, Jiang P, Wang F. Separation of flavonoids with significant biological activity from Acacia mearnsii leaves. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9119-9127. [PMID: 36950079 PMCID: PMC10026372 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacia mearnsii leaves, which are a rich source of flavonoids, were used to separate and purify myricitrin (W3) and myricetin-3-O-glucoside (W1). Further, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the two purified flavonoids were evaluated. The flavonoids were separated using solvent partition, macroporous adsorbent resin column, and Sephadex column chromatography, and purified using preparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The purified flavonoids were characterized using HPLC, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. A high yield (7.3 mg g-1 of crude extract) of W3 was obtained, with a high purity of 98.4%. Furthermore, the purity of W1 was over 95%. W1 and W3 showed strong antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited α-glucosidase. W3 also demonstrated substantial α-amylase inhibitory capacity. This study indicated that A. mearnsii leaves, which are discarded in significant amounts, can be used as a source of myricitrin, thus providing more adequate material for the production of antioxidants and type II diabetes inhibitors. Hence, A. mearnsii leaves have the potential to create great market economic value and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Lingxiao He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Chaoqun You
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Based Green Fuels and Chemicals Nanjing 210037 China
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