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Gao F, Shi Y, Wang R, Tretyakova IN, Nosov AM, Shen H, Yang L. Exogenous Glutathione Promotes the Proliferation of Pinus koraiensis Embryonic Cells and the Synthesis of Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2586. [PMID: 36235452 PMCID: PMC9571378 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), which leads to the formation of embryonic callus (EC) tissue, is the most promising method for large-scale production and selective breeding of woody plants. However, in many species, SE suffers from low proliferation rates, hindering the production of improved plant materials. One way of improving proliferation rates is achieved by improving the redox status of the culture medium. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, the inhibitor of glutathione synthase) on the EC proliferation rate in Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), using cell lines with both high (F: 001#-001) and low (S: 001#-010) proliferation potential. We found that exogenous GSH promoted cell proliferation in both cell lines, while exogenous BSO inhibited proliferation in both cell lines. At 35 d with exogenous GSH treatment, the fresh weight of F and S cell lines increased by 35.48% and 48.39%, respectively, compared with the control. The exogenous application of GSH increased the intracellular levels of GSH, total GSH (T-GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), ascorbic acid (ASA), total ASA (T-ASA), and the ratios of GSH:T-GSH and ASA:T-ASA in both F and S cell lines. Furthermore, exogenous GSH increased the activity of both glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) while decreasing the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in both cell lines. It appears that the application of exogenous GSH promotes a reducing cultural environment, which is conducive to EC proliferation in Korean pine. By helping to reveal the mechanism whereby GSH regulates redox homeostasis in Korean pine EC cells, we have laid the foundation for a large-scale breeding of Korean pine somatic embryogenesis technology system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Iraida Nikolaevna Tretyakova
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - Alexander Mikhaylovich Nosov
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology K.A. Timiryazev Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Technology Research Center of Korean Pine, Harbin 150040, China
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